Swenson v. County of Los Angeles

89 Cal. Rptr. 2d 572, 75 Cal. App. 4th 889
CourtCalifornia Court of Appeal
DecidedJanuary 13, 2000
DocketB118613
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 89 Cal. Rptr. 2d 572 (Swenson v. County of Los Angeles) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering California Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Swenson v. County of Los Angeles, 89 Cal. Rptr. 2d 572, 75 Cal. App. 4th 889 (Cal. Ct. App. 2000).

Opinion

89 Cal.Rptr.2d 572 (1999)
75 Cal.App.4th 889

Stanley SWENSON, Jr., Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, Defendant and Appellant.

No. B118613.

Court of Appeal, Second District, Division Four.

October 18, 1999.
Review Granted January 13, 2000.

*573 Patterson, Ritner, Lockwood, Gartner & Jurich, Clyde Lockwood, Los Angeles, Timothy P. O'Brien; Greines, Martin, Stein & Richland, Martin Stein and Barry M. Wolf, Beverly Hills, for Defendant and Appellant.

Pine & Pine, Norman Pine, Beverly Tillett Pine, Encino; Law Offices of Richard Amerian, Richard Amerian, Sherman Oaks; Law Offices of Michael S. Duberchin and Michael S. Duberchin, Calabasas, for Plaintiff and Respondent.

EPSTEIN, J.

Appellant County of Los Angeles appeals from a judgment under the Fair Employment and Housing Act (Gov.Code, § 12900 et seq.; FEHA).[1] A jury determined that appellant discriminated against respondent Stanley Swenson, Jr., M.D. because of his mental disability. The principal issue is the meaning in FEHA of "mental disability" in the context of employment. Appellant argues the term has the same meaning as it does in the Americans With Disabilities Act (42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq.; ADA). The trial court refused a proposed jury instruction that was based on the ADA definition of "mental disability." We conclude the trial judge was correct in refusing this instruction because the California definition of "mental disability" is different from the ADA definition. We affirm the judgment.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL SUMMARY

Dr. Swenson was a physician employed by appellant at the Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center (Medical Center). Dr. Swenson joined the staff of the Medical Center in 1977. For over 15 years, he served as a ward chief, attending physician, and assistant clinical professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences. Dr. Swenson supervised residents at the Medical Center. He suffers from attention deficit disorder, a learning disability. He also suffers from dyslexia and a disability involving writing and written expression. Despite these lifelong disabilities, Dr. Swenson was able to complete his school, university and professional education. Although his duties at the Medical Center included responsibility for the preparation of written patient records (charting), he was able to discharge that duty by using residents he supervised in the teaching wards to which he was assigned.

In 1992, the Medical Center reorganized its four psychiatric wards. Because of a lack of students seeking such assignments, it designated two of the wards as teaching wards and the other two as non-teaching *574 wards. It assigned Dr. Swenson to a nonteaching ward. Because there were no residents assigned to this ward, Dr. Swenson had sole responsibility for preparation of written charts for his patients. He had difficulty completing this task due to his mental disabilities. He retained an attorney, who wrote to the Medical Center informing it for the first time of Dr. Swenson's disabilities. Dr. Swenson requested several accommodations, including transfer to a vacancy in a teaching ward with residents, a quiet environment so he could better concentrate on preparing the written charts, and the use of dictation services or computer software. No accommodation resulted. Eventually, the Medical Center suspended Dr. Swenson and later terminated his employment.

While still employed by the Medical Center, Dr. Swenson filed suit against his employer. Dr. Swenson could have pursued legal action against the Medical Center under the ADA. Instead, he chose to sue under FEHA. After filing a complaint and receiving a right-to-sue letter from the Department of Fair Employment and Housing, Dr. Swenson commenced this action in August 1994. In it, he alleged discrimination based on mental disability and age.[2]

At trial, the court instructed the jury that "[a]n employee has a mental disability when he has or is regarded by his employer as having any mental disorder or condition which affects one or more major life activities." The trial court refused a jury instruction proposed by the Medical Center that defined disability as "a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of [an] individual." The jury found that the Medical Center discriminated against Dr. Swenson because of mental disability in the employment actions that it took against him. The jury awarded Dr. Swenson economic damages of $532,000, and $370,000 in non-economic damages. The trial court entered judgment for this amount and awarded Dr. Swenson $268,210 in attorney's fees. The Medical Center filed a timely appeal.

DISCUSSION

I

The Medical Center contends the trial court should have instructed the jury in accordance with the ADA definition of mental disability. It argues that it would have prevailed if the trial court had done so because there was insufficient evidence to support a finding of disability under that standard. Based on the clear text of the statute, we conclude that FEHA imposes a standard different from the ADA standard. The trial court thus properly refused the Medical Center's proposed jury instruction.[3]

In the enactment of FEHA in 1980, the Legislature prohibited employment discrimination "because of ... physical handicap." (Stat. 1980, ch. 992, § 4, p. 3148.) The original statute did not cover employment discrimination based on mental disability. At that time, federal law did not prohibit discrimination in employment based on either physical or mental disability. In 1990, Congress enacted the ADA. (42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq.) The protection afforded by that law reached further than FEHA. It prohibited discrimination because of "disability" that stemmed from "a physical or mental impairment." (42 U.S.C. § 12102, italics added.) In its next session, the Legislature approved, and the Governor signed, Assembly Bill No. 1077. (Stat.1992, ch. 913.) This comprehensive bill amended several statutes, changing definitions of disability, expanding protections against discrimination because of disability, and altering requirements concerning *575 accommodations of disabilities. With this legislation, the Legislature expanded FEHA so that it includes "mental disability" as well as "physical disability" as bases on which it is "an unlawful employment practice" to discriminate in the "terms, conditions, or privileges of employment." (§ 12940, subd. (a).)

The term "mental disability" is defined in the FEHA provisions against employment discrimination: "`Mental disability' includes any mental or psychological disorder, such as mental retardation, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities." (§ 12926, subd. (i).) Like the ADA definition, FEHA excludes certain specific conditions, and provides that the unlawful use of controlled substances or other drugs shall not in and of itself constitute a disability. (Ibid.)[4] The FEHA definition contains no express requirement as to the degree of disability that must result from a condition in order to trigger the statutory protection it provides.

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89 Cal. Rptr. 2d 572, 75 Cal. App. 4th 889, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/swenson-v-county-of-los-angeles-calctapp-2000.