Superior Insurance Co. v. Mitchell

355 S.W.2d 771, 1962 Tex. App. LEXIS 2315
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedMarch 16, 1962
DocketNo. 16310
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 355 S.W.2d 771 (Superior Insurance Co. v. Mitchell) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Superior Insurance Co. v. Mitchell, 355 S.W.2d 771, 1962 Tex. App. LEXIS 2315 (Tex. Ct. App. 1962).

Opinion

MASSEY, Chief Justice.

This is a suit for Workmen’s Compensation benefits. Claimant, General Mitchell, sought judgment in a lump sum for total incapacity for a period of 400 weeks at $35.-00 per week. The jury returned a verdict finding a total disability period of 260 weeks and that claimant had not and would not sustain any period of partial disability. The jury also found that “manifest hardship and injustice will result if payments of compensation * * * are not paid in a lump sum”. With discount of compound interest calculated, a judgment was entered on the verdict in the amount of $8,417.99 in a lump sum. The defendant, Superior Insurance Company, appealed.

Judgment affirmed.

In the court’s charge to the jury the term “total disability” was defined as not implying “ * * * an absolute disability to perform any kind of labor, but a person disqualified from performing the usual tasks of a workman in such a way as to enable him to procure and retain employment is regarded as being totally incapacitated or totally disabled.” There was no objection to the definition.

Certain issues material for consideration were: No. 1, by answer to which the jury found that claimant was an employee of Austin Building Company on or about October 3,1960; No. 2, by answer to which the jury found that claimant sustained an injury on said date; No. 3, by answer to which the jury found the injury to have been accidental; and No. 4, by answer to which the jury found the injury was received by the claimant in the course of his employment for the Austin Building Company.

The jury returned an affirmative or “yes” answer to Special Issue No. 5, which read as follows: “Do you find from a prepon[773]*773derance of the evidence that the Plaintiff sustained any total disability following the injury, if any, inquired about in Special Issue No. 2?” Conditionally submitted under Special Issue No. S was Special Issue No. 6, which read: “Do you find from a preponderance of the evidence that the injury, if any, previously inquired about, was a producing cause of the Total disability, if any, sustained by the Plaintiff?” In answer thereto the jury found in the affirmative, or “yes”.

The insurance company objected and excepted to the submission of Special Issue No. S, as framed, charging that the language thereof amounted to a comment on the weight of the evidence, specifically in that it was an assumption by the court that the claimant had sustained some disability by reason of the claimed accident. Further, the company pointed out that the inquiry with reference to disability, and whether such disability was total, should be submitted in two separate issues, one inquiring as to whether any disability following the injury was sustained, and the other conditioned thereupon and inquiring whether such disability was total disability.

The company cites us to the provision of Texas Rules Civ. Proc. 277 “Special Issues”, relative to the requirement that “such special issues shall be submitted distinctly and separately”, and to the provision of T.R.C. P. 279 “Submission of Issues”, relative to the requirement that the court “shall submit the controlling issues made by the written pleadings and the evidence”. Based thereupon the company argues its contention that the mode of submission constituted reversible error under reasoning principles from the holdings of Johnson v. Zurich General Accident & Liability Ins. Co., 1947, 146 Tex. 232, 205 S.W.2d 353; Texas Employers’ Ins. Ass’n v. White, 1930 (Tex.Civ.App., Beaumont), 32 S.W.2d 955, error refused; American General Insurance Company v. Coleman, 1956 (Tex.Civ.App., Beaumont), 297 S.W.2d 333, reversed on other grounds at 157 Tex. 377, 303 S.W.2d 370; Lumbermen’s Reciprocal Ass’n v. Wilmoth, 1929 (Tex. Com.App.), 12 S.W.2d 972; Thompson v. Robbins, 1957, 157 Tex. 463, 304 S.W.2d 111; Hutson v. Chambless, 1957, 157 Tex. 193, 300 S.W.2d 943; and Texas & Pacific Railway Company v. Van Zandt, 1958, 159 Tex. 178, 317 S.W.2d 528. None of the cases bear upon an inquiry by special issue identical to that here posed, to-wit: “did the claimant sustain any total disability following the injury?”

In City of Austin v. Powell, 1959 (Tex.Civ.App., Austin), 321 S.W.2d 924, 929, writ ref. n. r. e., the trial court had given the same definition of “total disability” that was given in the instant case, and the special issue submitted to the jury inquiring whether any total disability was thereafter sustained was identical to Special Issue No. 5 in the instant case. The objection in said case was that the issue did not inquire as to causal connection between the February injury and the resulting incapacity. It is noted that the jury, in answer to a subsequent issue, had found that the injury was a producing cause of the “total disability”. The court said, “Any error in the submission of this issue (whether total disability was sustained following the injury) was harmless, since the only injury inquired about was the one in February, 1955.”

In City of Austin v. Cook, 1960 (Tex.Civ.App., Austin), 333 S.W.2d 398, 403 (reversed, on other grounds at 161 Tex. 294, 340 S.W.2d 482), the form of submission was criticized. The court said, “The word ‘following’ is inept and should not be used as employed in this issue. Its use might result in reversible error. All that we held in City of Austin v. Powell, Tex.Civ.App., 321 S.W.2d 924, was that no harm resulted from its use in the issue there under scrutiny.” It is uncertain whether the court deemed that the situation posed a condition warranting a reversal, for it had already stated other grounds for its judgment of reversal and remand.

In reply to the argument presented by the company in the instant case, the claimant likewise argues under the principles of [774]*774reason, but cites only cases in which the inquiry posed was framed in language identical to that of the one here considered, with no attack made thereupon.

Although the question is not free from difficulty we are constrained to hold that the language of the issue, consideration given to the legal definition of “total disability”, is not subject to the objection leveled. It did not amount to a comment or charge on the weight of the evidence. The point of error is overruled.

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Bluebook (online)
355 S.W.2d 771, 1962 Tex. App. LEXIS 2315, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/superior-insurance-co-v-mitchell-texapp-1962.