State v. Simnick

779 N.W.2d 335, 279 Neb. 499
CourtNebraska Supreme Court
DecidedMarch 5, 2010
DocketS-08-959
StatusPublished
Cited by53 cases

This text of 779 N.W.2d 335 (State v. Simnick) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Nebraska Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Simnick, 779 N.W.2d 335, 279 Neb. 499 (Neb. 2010).

Opinion

779 N.W.2d 335 (2010)
279 Neb. 499

STATE of Nebraska, appellee,
v.
Kevin A. SIMNICK, appellant.

No. S-08-959.

Supreme Court of Nebraska.

March 5, 2010.

*337 Dennis R. Keefe, Lancaster County Public Defender, Webb E. Bancroft, and Yohance L. Christie, Senior Certified Law Student, for appellant.

Jon Bruning, Attorney General, and Kimberly A. Klein for appellee.

HEAVICAN, C.J., WRIGHT, CONNOLLY, GERRARD, STEPHAN, McCORMACK, and MILLER-LERMAN, JJ.

STEPHAN, J.

After entering a plea of no contest, Kevin A. Simnick was convicted on one count of first degree sexual assault and sentenced to a term of incarceration. In its sentencing order, the district court determined that Simnick had committed an "aggravated offense" as defined in Neb.Rev. Stat. § 29-4005 (Reissue 2008). Simnick was, therefore, subject to the lifetime registration requirements of the Sex Offender Registration Act (SORA)[1] and to lifetime community supervision[2] upon his release from incarceration or civil commitment. The Nebraska Court of Appeals affirmed the conviction and sentence.[3] We granted Simnick's petition for further review to consider issues arising from State v. Payan,[4] decided during the pendency of Simnick's appeal, in which we held that lifetime community supervision constituted a form of punishment.

BACKGROUND

In October 2007, Simnick was charged by information in the district court for Lancaster County with two counts of sexual assault of a child in the first degree. He entered not guilty pleas to both charges.

Eventually, a plea agreement was reached. One of the counts in the information was amended to allege the offense of first degree sexual assault.[5] Simnick, appearing with counsel, entered a plea of no contest to this amended count in exchange for the Lancaster County Attorney's agreement to dismiss the remaining count and the Scotts Bluff County Attorney's agreement not to prosecute Simnick for an offense involving the same child in that jurisdiction. The amended information *338 alleged that the offense occurred "on, about, or between January 1, 2003 and July 31, 2006," in Lancaster County, that Simnick was a person 19 years of age or older, and that he subjected a person less than 16 years of age to sexual penetration. The State presented a factual basis for the plea which included a transcribed statement which Simnick gave to Lincoln police on August 27, 2007. The court advised Simnick of the nature of the charge against him and of the possibility of the following penalties: incarceration for a period of 1 to 50 years, restitution paid to the victim, and lifetime registration as a sex offender. The court did not inform Simnick of the possibility of lifetime community supervision under § 83-174.03(1).

On August 11, 2008, Simnick appeared with counsel for sentencing. Simnick acknowledged reading and signing the "Notice and Acknowledgment of Lifetime Parole Supervision" form, which advised him that he would be subject to lifetime community supervision by the Office of Parole Administration. Simnick neither questioned nor objected to the notice. The district court found that Simnick had committed an "aggravated offense" as defined in § 29-4005 and imposed a sentence of incarceration for 20 to 35 years, with credit for time served. As a part of the sentence, the court found that Simnick was required to register under SORA for the remainder of his life and that Simnick would be subject to lifetime community supervision by the Office of Parole Administration upon his release from either incarceration or civil commitment.

Simnick filed a timely appeal of his conviction. He asserted, inter alia, (1) that his plea was involuntary because the district court did not advise him of the possibility of lifetime community supervision and (2) that the inclusion of lifetime community supervision in his sentence violated the Ex Post Facto Clauses of the state and federal Constitutions. In its appellate brief, the State briefly argued that Simnick waived these arguments by failing to object at his sentencing hearing. The Court of Appeals did not address this argument in its opinion affirming Simnick's conviction and sentence.

After we granted Simnick's petition for further review, the State filed a motion to dismiss as improvidently granted, arguing that the issues were not preserved for appellate review. We deferred ruling on the State's motion pending final submission.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

In his petition for further review, Simnick assigns, restated, that (1) the imposition of lifetime community supervision violated the Ex Post Facto Clauses of the Nebraska and federal Constitutions and (2) his no contest plea was not freely, knowingly, and voluntarily made.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

The constitutionality of a statute is a question of law, regarding which the Nebraska Supreme Court is obligated to reach a conclusion independent of the determination reached by the trial court.[6]

ANALYSIS

Both U.S. Const. art. I, § 10, and Neb. Const. art. I, § 16, provide that no ex post facto law may be passed. A law which purports to apply to events that occurred before the law's enactment, and which disadvantages a defendant by creating *339 or enhancing penalties that did not exist when the offense was committed, is an ex post facto law and will not be endorsed by the courts.[7] This court ordinarily construes Nebraska's ex post facto clause to provide no greater protections than those guaranteed by the federal Constitution.[8]

Section 83-174.03, which subjects certain sex offenders to lifetime community supervision, was a part of L.B. 1199,[9] signed by the Governor on April 13, 2006. It went into effect 3 calendar months later, on July 14.[10] In Payan,[11] we held that lifetime community supervision pursuant to § 83-174.03 is a form of punishment. Simnick contends that his offense was committed before the effective date of § 83-174.03 and that therefore, the statute as applied to him constitutes ex post facto legislation because it increased the punishment for his offense after it was committed.

PLAIN ERROR

The State correctly notes that Simnick asserted his ex post facto claim for the first time on appeal. In the absence of plain error, when an issue is raised for the first time in an appellate court, the issue will be disregarded inasmuch as the trial court cannot commit error regarding an issue never presented and submitted for disposition in the trial court.[12] Plain error may be found on appeal when an error unasserted or uncomplained of at trial, but plainly evident from the record, prejudicially affects a litigant's substantial right and, if uncorrected, would result in damage to the integrity, reputation, and fairness of the judicial process.[13]

Consideration of plain error occurs at the discretion of an appellate court.[14] We have exercised our discretion to correct plain error in a variety of criminal sentencing contexts, including a case[15] in which capital sentencing was not conducted in accordance with Ring v. Arizona,[16]

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
779 N.W.2d 335, 279 Neb. 499, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-simnick-neb-2010.