State v. Pettitt

609 P.2d 1364, 93 Wash. 2d 288, 1980 Wash. LEXIS 1280
CourtWashington Supreme Court
DecidedApril 17, 1980
Docket46201
StatusPublished
Cited by73 cases

This text of 609 P.2d 1364 (State v. Pettitt) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Washington Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Pettitt, 609 P.2d 1364, 93 Wash. 2d 288, 1980 Wash. LEXIS 1280 (Wash. 1980).

Opinions

Williams, J.

Petitioner Lowell Pettitt seeks review of a decision of the Court of Appeals which affirmed his conviction for taking a motor vehicle without permission in violation of RCW 9A.56.070. Petitioner also challenges his life sentence imposed pursuant to the habitual criminal statute, RCW 9.92.090. We affirm in part and reverse in part.

[290]*290Petitioner took a van from a Portland, Oregon, parking lot without permission of the owner and drove north into Lewis County, Washington, where he was arrested for driving while under the influence of intoxicants. He was subsequently charged with the offense of taking a motor vehicle without permission and convicted after a trial before the court sitting without a jury.

The State then filed a supplemental sentencing information charging petitioner with being a habitual criminal. The record reveals that at the time petitioner was charged the Lewis County prosecuting attorney had a mandatory policy of filing habitual criminal complaints against all defendants with three or more prior felonies. At a hearing pursuant to petitioner's motion to dismiss the supplemental information, the prosecutor testified that once the prior convictions were clearly established by the record, he had no choice but to file a supplemental information.

Based on its finding that petitioner had three prior felony convictions in the state of Oregon, the trial court refused to grant petitioner's motion to dismiss the supplemental information. The offenses were: taking a motor vehicle without permission (1971); second-degree burglary (1972); and unauthorized use of a vehicle (1975). The court entered judgment declaring petitioner a habitual criminal and sentencing him to life imprisonment. RCW 9.92.090.1 The Court of Appeals affirmed the conviction and sentence. State v. Pettitt, 22 Wn. App. 689, 591 P.2d 862 (1979).

Petitioner first contends that he should not have been prosecuted in Washington because Washington has no [291]*291jurisdiction over him. State criminal jurisdiction is established in RCW 9A.04.030, which provides, in part:

The following persons are liable to punishment:
(1) A person who commits in the state any crime, in whole or in part.

Although it appears that petitioner was amenable to prosecution by commission of a crime "in part", petitioner claims that the legislature did not intend the crime of taking and riding in a car without permission to come under the purview of this statute because of sections (2) and (4), which provide for criminal jurisdiction over:

(2) A person who commits out of the state any act which, if committed within it, would be theft and is afterward found in the state with any of the stolen property.
(4) A person who, being out of the state, abducts or kidnaps by force or fraud, any person, contrary to the laws of the place where the act is committed, and brings, sends, or conveys such person into this state.

RCW 9A.04.030(2) and (4).

Petitioner contends that because the legislature made specific reference to theft and kidnapping which take place outside the state, the legislature could not have intended for RCW 9A.04.030(1) to include the taking of a motor vehicle outside the state where the car is subsequently brought into the state.

We disagree. The crime defined by RCW 9A.56.070 includes not only taking, but also riding in a motor vehicle with knowledge that the vehicle was unlawfully taken.2 [292]*292State v. Scott, 64 Wn.2d 992, 395 P.2d 377 (1964). The single crime of taking a motor vehicle without permission may be committed either by actually taking the automobile or by riding in it, knowing it to have been unlawfully taken. State v. Scott, supra at 993. Although the vehicle was taken in Oregon, the evidence supports a finding that petitioner was guilty of riding in the van in Washington with knowledge that it was unlawfully taken. It follows that the State has criminal jurisdiction pursuant to RCW 9A.04-.030(1).

Petitioner argues, however, that as a matter of statutory interpretation he cannot be prosecuted as a "rider" because he was admittedly the "taker" of the vehicle. See RCW 9A.56.070. If a rider is to be "equally guilty" with a taker, the two cannot, petitioner contends, be the same person. To hold otherwise, he argues, has the effect of amending the statute to read, in part: "Every person who shall intentionally take, drive away or ride in a motor vehicle without the permission of the owner shall be guilty of a felony." Petition for Review, at 8. Such an amendment should be accomplished by the legislature, it is argued, not by this court. This court should therefore reverse the Court of Appeals holding that a taker and a rider may be the same person.

There are two responses to petitioner's argument. First, the effect of the Court of Appeals ruling on the statute is not as petitioner claims. Petitioner's construction permits the "riding" prong to stand without the "knowing-it-was-unlawfully-taken" element. Without the knowledge element, there can be no criminal culpability in the rider. Second, petitioner cites no persuasive authority to support the argument that the taker and the rider cannot be the same person. As the Court of Appeals points out:

The "riding" prong proscribes a certain activity regardless of whether the person engaged in that activity is a passenger, driver, accomplice, or taker of the vehicle.

State v. Pettitt, supra at 693. This result is consistent with our prior decisions. Where, by statute, several alternative [293]*293acts can constitute a single crime, proof of any one of the acts will sustain the charge. State v. Morse, 38 Wn.2d 927, 931, 234 P.2d 478 (1951). A person charged with thé single crime of unlawfully taking an automobile can have committed the offense either by actually taking the vehicle or by riding in it knowing it to have been unlawfully taken. State v. Scott, supra at 993.3 Thus, although petitioner has admitted taking the vehicle in Oregon, that fact does not prevent a Washington charge that he rode in the van in this state. Either act

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

State Of Washington, V. John Canales
Court of Appeals of Washington, 2022
State Of Washington v. Michele Lynn Huntley
Court of Appeals of Washington, 2020
State Of Washington v. Michael Reeder
Court of Appeals of Washington, 2014
State v. Reeder
330 P.3d 786 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 2014)
State v. Monfort
312 P.3d 637 (Washington Supreme Court, 2013)
State v. Evans
298 P.3d 724 (Washington Supreme Court, 2013)
State v. Rice
279 P.3d 849 (Washington Supreme Court, 2012)
State v. Rice
159 Wash. App. 545 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 2011)
Brunson v. Pierce County
205 P.3d 963 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 2009)
State v. Carneh
203 P.3d 1073 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 2009)
State v. Pulfrey
111 P.3d 1162 (Washington Supreme Court, 2005)
State v. Talley
858 P.2d 217 (Washington Supreme Court, 2005)
State v. Elliott
121 Wash. App. 404 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 2004)
State v. Watson
120 Wash. App. 521 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 2004)
State v. Pulfrey
86 P.3d 790 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 2004)
State v. Kinneman
84 P.3d 882 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 2004)
State v. Root
975 P.2d 1052 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 1999)
State v. Phimmachak
968 P.2d 1 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 1998)
State v. Thorne
921 P.2d 514 (Washington Supreme Court, 1996)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
609 P.2d 1364, 93 Wash. 2d 288, 1980 Wash. LEXIS 1280, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-pettitt-wash-1980.