State v. Norman

2024 Ohio 907

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: March 11, 2024
• Docket: CT2023-0024
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as State v. Norman, 2024-Ohio-907.]

COURT OF APPEALS MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES: : : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J. Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, J. : Hon. Andrew J. King, J. -vs- : : Case No. CT2023-0024 : WENDY M. NORMAN : : : Defendant-Appellant : OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Muskingum County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. CR2022-0372

JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED IN PART; REVERSED AND REMANDED IN PART

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: March 11, 2024

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee: For Defendant-Appellant:

RONALD L. WELCH RICHARD D. HIXSON MUSKINGUM COUNTY PROSECUTOR 3808 James Court, Suite 2 Zanesville, OH 43701 JOHN CONNOR DEVER 27 North Fifth St., P.O. Box 189 Zanesville, OH 43702 Muskingum County, Case No. CT2023-0024 2

Delaney, P.J.

{¶1} Defendant-Appellant Wendy M. Norman appeals the April 12, 2023

sentencing judgment entry of the Muskingum County Court of Common Pleas.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

{¶2} On August 11, 2022, the Muskingum County Grand Jury indicted

Defendant-Appellant Wendy M. Norman and her husband, Ryan A. Norman for crimes

committed against her three minor children. Appellant was indicted on fourteen counts:

Count Charge Revised Code Felony 4 Endangering Children 2919.22(B)(2) F2 5 Endangering Children 2919.22(B)(2) F2 6 Endangering Children 2919.22(B)(2) F2 7 Endangering Children 2919.22(A) F3 8 Endangering Children 2919.22(A) F3 9 Endangering Children 2919.22(A) F3 16 Domestic Violence 2919.25(A) F4 (prior offense) 17 Domestic Violence 2919.25(A) F4 (prior offense) 18 Domestic Violence 2919.25(A) F4 (prior offense) 19 Corrupting Another With Drugs 2925.02(A)(4)(b) F4 (Marijuana) 20 Corrupting Another With Drugs 2925.02(A)(4)(b) F2 (Percocet) 22 Kidnapping 2905.01(A)(3) F1 23 Kidnapping 2905.01(A)(3) F1 24 Kidnapping 2905.01(A)(3) F1

Appellant entered a plea of not guilty on all counts.

{¶3} On February 21, 2023, Appellant appeared before the trial court for a

change of plea hearing. Appellant reached a plea agreement with the State wherein she

would withdraw her not guilty plea and instead plead guilty to Counts 7, 8, and 9. The

State agreed to dismiss the remaining charges at the time of sentencing. The trial court Muskingum County, Case No. CT2023-0024 3

gave the plea colloquy and Appellant entered her guilty plea, which the trial court

accepted. During the plea colloquy, the trial court advised Appellant that if she went to

prison in this matter, “it’s mandatory upon your release that you’ll be placed upon post-

release control, and that could be between one and three years.” (T. 7).

{¶4} The State provided the facts leading to the indictment of Appellant and her

husband. The 13-year-old child, oldest of the three siblings, told their school that

Appellant and her husband were using drugs and abusing the children. The children

revealed that Appellant and her husband would slap them, hit them with a wooden board,

hit them with a wooden stick, and strangle them. Appellant watched her husband abuse

them but did not stop him. Appellant and her husband used drugs in the children’s

presence and took the children with them to purchase drugs. Appellant gave one child

Percocet and fed another child muffins containing marijuana. A search warrant was

executed on the home where the officers found the children’s sleeping areas in filthy

conditions, evidence of drug use in the living areas, and the wooden board and stick

matching the child’s descriptions.

{¶5} The matter was set for a sentencing hearing after a presentence

investigation. The sentencing hearing was held on April 10, 2023. The trial court stated it

had reviewed the presentence investigation report. (T. 8). Appellant’s three children had

been removed from her care by Children’s Services and its investigation was made part

of the PSI. (T. 4). The investigation revealed that Appellant had spoken with her husband

and her children, stating they would be reunited after she was released from jail. (T. 8).

The trial court noted that in 2014, Appellant committed perjury in an attempt to prevent Muskingum County, Case No. CT2023-0024 4

her husband from being convicted of domestic violence, for which she was sentenced to

24 months in jail. (T. 8).

{¶6} In regard to the three counts to which Appellant pleaded guilty, each count

was for each child victim. The trial court imposed a 24-month sentence on each count to

be served consecutively with each other, for a prison term of 72 months and 111 days of

jail time credit. (T. 9). The trial court found the sentence was not disproportionate to the

nature of the offense and was necessary to protect the public and punish the defendant,

nor was it disproportionate to the seriousness of the conduct and danger posed. (T. 9). It

found consecutive sentences were necessary because of Appellant’s past conduct as

well as her conduct in this case. Her history demonstrated that consecutive sentences

were necessary to protect the victims in this case. (T. 9).

{¶7} The State advised the trial court that post release control was mandatory

for one to three years. (T. 9). The trial court imposed a mandatory term of post release

control for one to three years. (T. 9).

{¶8} The sentencing entry was journalized on April 12, 2023. In addition to the

aggregate prison term of 72 months, the sentencing entry imposed a mandatory term of

post release control for one to three years.

{¶9} It is from this judgment that Appellant now appeals.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

{¶10} Appellant raises three Assignments of Error:

I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY IMPOSING CONSECUTIVE

SENTENCES ON DEFENDANT/APPELLANT, AS THE REQUIRED

FINDINGS MADE BY THE TRIAL COURT PURSUANT TO OHIO Muskingum County, Case No. CT2023-0024 5

REVISED CODE SECTION 2929.14(C)(4) WERE NOT SUPPORTED BY

THE RECORD.

II. DEFENDANT/APPELLANT’S SENTENCE IS CONTRARY TO LAW, AS

IT VIOLATES DEFENDANT/APPELLANT’S EIGHTH AMENDMENT

GUARANTEE AGAINST CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT.

III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY ADVISING AND SENTENCING

DEFENDANT/APPELLANT TO A MANDATORY TERM OF ONE-TO-

THREE YEARS OF POST-RELEASE CONTROL WHEN POST-RELEASE

CONTROL WAS DISCRETIONARY.

ANALYSIS

I.

{¶11} In her first Assignment of Error, Appellant argues the trial court’s imposition

of consecutive sentences was not supported by R.C. 2929.14(C)(4). We disagree.

{¶12} Before a trial court imposes consecutive sentences, it must make specific

findings which are delineated in R.C. 2929.14(C)(4). Specifically, the trial court must find

that “the consecutive service is necessary to protect the public from future crime or to

punish the offender.” Id. It must also find that “consecutive sentences are not

disproportionate to the seriousness of the offender's conduct and to the danger the

offender poses to the public.” Id. Finally, the court must find at least one of the following:

(a) The offender committed one or more of the multiple offenses while the

offender was awaiting trial or sentencing, was under a sanction imposed

pursuant to section 2929.16, 2929.17, or 2929.18 of the Revised Code, or

was under post-release control for a prior offense. Muskingum County, Case No. CT2023-0024 6

(b) At least two of the multiple offenses were committed as part of one or

more courses of conduct, and the harm caused by two or more of the

multiple offenses so committed was so great or unusual that no single

prison term for any of the offenses committed as part of any of the courses

of conduct adequately reflects the seriousness of the offender's conduct.

(c) The offender's history of criminal conduct demonstrates that consecutive

sentences are necessary to protect the public from future crime by the

offender.

{¶13} R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) does not allow an appellate court to reverse or modify

a defendant's consecutive sentences using the principles and purposes of felony

sentencing as set forth in R.C. 2929.11(A) and (B) and the seriousness and recidivism

factors in R.C. 2929.12. State v. Gwynne, 158 Ohio St.3d 279, 2019-Ohio-4761, 141

N.E.3d 169, ¶13-18. (“Gwynne II”); State v. Jones, 163 Ohio St.3d 242, 2020-Ohio-6729,

169 N.E.3d 649, ¶39; State v. Toles, 166 Ohio St.3d 397, 2021-Ohio-3531, 186 N.E.3d

784, ¶10.

{¶14} An appellate court can reverse or modify the trial court's order of

consecutive sentences if it clearly and convincingly finds that the record does not support

the findings. The Ohio Supreme Court has recently spoken on the standard by which an

appellate court should review a trial court's consecutive sentences findings. State v.

Grant, 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT2023-0023, 2023-Ohio-4614, 2023 WL 8716601, ¶

23. In State v. Gwynne, 2023-Ohio-3851, -- N.E.3d --, ¶ 5, the Ohio Supreme Court

reconsidered its prior decision in State v. Gwynne, 2022-Ohio-4607, -- N.E.3d --, and held

that “[t]he plain language of R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) requires an appellate court to defer to a Muskingum County, Case No. CT2023-0024 7

trial court's consecutive-sentence findings, and the trial court's findings must be upheld

unless those findings are clearly and convincingly not supported by the record.” Grant at

¶ 23.

{¶15} In this case, we find the trial court’s consecutive-sentence findings were

clearly and convincingly supported by the record. Appellant first argues the trial court

failed to weigh the proportionality of the sentence as compared to her conduct. She

contends her conduct in allowing her three children to be abused by her husband was not

as bad as the conduct of her husband, who she claimed inflicted the majority of the abuse

on her three children. “Very little of the abuse that occurred was at the hands of

Defendant/Appellant.” (Appellant’s Brief, page 6).

{¶16} Appellant entered a plea of guilty to three counts of Endangering Children,

which states: “No person, who is the parent, guardian, custodian, person having custody

or control, or person in loco parentis of a child under eighteen years of age * * * shall

create a substantial risk to the health or safety of the child, by violating a duty of care,

protection, or support. * * *.” R.C. 2919.22(A). Appellant pleaded guilty to creating a

substantial risk to the health or safety of her three children, by violating a duty of care,

protection, or support. While Appellant may have inflicted less abuse on her three children

than her husband, Appellant admits that she abused her children, watched as her

husband abused her children, and therefore violated her duty of care, protection, or

support to her three children.

{¶17} Appellant further argues her limited criminal history does not support the

trial court’s finding under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4)(c). She states the trial court’s finding was

based on one conviction for perjury in 2014. The record shows the trial court considered Muskingum County, Case No. CT2023-0024 8

the context of Appellant’s conviction for perjury. Appellant “committed perjury to keep the

man who did all this from being convicted of domestic violence.” (T. 8). Appellant served

24 months in prison, but as the trial court noted, her time in prison did not seem to have

much effect on her. (T. 8). Appellant’s conviction for perjury considered in context with

the factual allegations in this case supports the trial court’s finding that the offender's

history of criminal conduct demonstrates that consecutive sentences are necessary to

protect the public, and the three child victims, from future crime by the offender.

{¶18} Appellant’s first Assignment of Error is overruled.

II.

{¶19} Appellant contends in her second Assignment of Error that her sentence

was contrary to law as a violation of the Eighth Amendment guarantee against cruel and

unusual punishment.

{¶20} We review felony sentences using the standard of review set forth in R.C.

2953.08. State v. Taylor, 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT2023-0064, 2024-Ohio-238, ¶ 13

citing State v. Roberts, 5th Dist. Licking No. 2020 CA 0030, 2020-Ohio-6722, ¶13, citing

State v. Marcum, 146 Ohio St.3d 516, 2016-Ohio-1002, 59 N.E.3d 1231. R.C.

2953.08(G)(2) provides we may either increase, reduce, modify, or vacate a sentence

and remand for sentencing where we clearly and convincingly find either the record does

not support the sentencing court's findings under R.C. 2929.13(B) or (D),

2929.14(B)(2)(e) or (C)(4), or 2929.20(l), or the sentence is otherwise contrary to law. Id.,

citing State v. Bonnell, 140 Ohio St.3d 209, 2014-Ohio-3177, 16 N.E.3d 659.

{¶21} When sentencing a defendant, the trial court must consider the purposes

and principles of felony sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11 and the seriousness and Muskingum County, Case No. CT2023-0024 9

recidivism factors in R.C. 2929.12. State v. Hodges, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99511, 2013-

Ohio-5025, ¶ 7.

{¶22} “The overriding purposes of felony sentencing are to protect the public from

future crime by the offender and others, to punish the offender, and to promote the

effective rehabilitation of the offender using the minimum sanctions that the court

determines accomplish those purposes without imposing an unnecessary burden on state

or local government resources.” R.C. 2929.11(A). To achieve these purposes, the

sentencing court shall consider the need for incapacitating the offender, deterring the

offender and others from future crime, rehabilitating the offender, and making restitution

to the victim of the offense, the public, or both. Id. Further, the sentence imposed shall be

“commensurate with and not demeaning to the seriousness of the offender's conduct and

its impact on the victim, and consistent with sentences imposed for similar crimes by

similar offenders.” R.C. 2929.11(B).

{¶23} R.C. 2929.12 lists general factors which must be considered by the trial

court in determining the sentence to be imposed for a felony and gives detailed criteria

which do not control the court's discretion, but which must be considered for or against

severity or leniency in a particular case. The trial court retains discretion to determine the

most effective way to comply with the purpose and principles of sentencing as set forth in

R.C. 2929.11. R.C. 2929.12.

{¶24} Nothing in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) permits this Court to independently weigh

the evidence in the record and substitute our own judgment for that of the trial court to

determine a sentence which best reflects compliance with R.C. 2929.11 and R.C. Muskingum County, Case No. CT2023-0024 10

2929.12. State v. Jones, 1163 Ohio St.3d 242, 69 N.E.3d 649, 2020-Ohio-6729, ¶ 42.

Instead, we may only determine if the sentence is contrary to law.

{¶25} A sentence is not clearly and convincingly contrary to law where the trial

court “considers the principles and purposes of R.C. 2929.11, as well as the factors listed

in R.C. 2929.12, properly imposes post release control, and sentences the defendant

within the permissible statutory range.” State v. Pettorini, 5th Dist. Licking No. 2020 CA

00057, 2021-Ohio-1512, 2021 WL 1714216, ¶¶ 14-16 quoting State v. Dinka, 12th Dist.

Warren Nos. CA2019-03-022 & CA2019-03-026, 2019-Ohio-4209, ¶ 36.

{¶26} The judgment entry states the trial court considered the principles and

purposes of sentencing under R.C. 2929.11 and balanced the seriousness and recidivism

factors under R.C. 2929.12. At the sentencing hearing, the trial court noted Appellant's

criminal history in context of the facts of the case. We find the sentence in the instant

case is not clearly and convincingly contrary to law.

{¶27} Appellant argues the sentence in the instant case is disproportionate to the

offenses committed, based on the fact that her husband committed the majority of the

abuse to the three children, and she was also abused by her husband. Cases violating

the Eighth Amendment's prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment “are limited to those

involving sanctions which under the circumstances would be considered shocking to any

reasonable person,” and “the penalty must be so greatly disproportionate to the offense

as to shock the sense of justice of the community.” State v. Hairston, 118 Ohio St.3d 289,

2008-Ohio-2338, 888 N.E.2d 1073, ¶ 14, quoting McDougle v. Maxwell, 1 Ohio St.2d 68,

70, 203 N.E.2d 334 (1964). Proportionality review should focus on individual sentences,

rather than on the cumulative impact of multiple sentences imposed consecutively. Id. at Muskingum County, Case No. CT2023-0024 11

¶20. “Where none of the individual sentences imposed on an offender are grossly

disproportionate to their respective offenses, an aggregate prison term resulting from

consecutive imposition of those sentences does not constitute cruel and unusual

punishment.” Id. As a general rule, a sentence falling within the terms of a valid statute

cannot amount to a cruel and unusual punishment. Id. at ¶ 21.

{¶28} The trial court noted that each count was related to one child victim. Each

of the individual sentences was within the statutory range. We find the penalties imposed

in the instant case are not so greatly disproportionate to the offenses Appellant committed

so as to shock the sense of justice of the community.

{¶29} Appellant’s second Assignment of Error is overruled.

III.

{¶30} In her third Assignment of Error, Appellant argues the trial court erred by

advising and sentencing Appellant to a mandatory term of one to three years of post

release control when post release control was discretionary in this case.

{¶31} The State concedes the error that a conviction for third-degree felony

Endangering Children pursuant to R.C. 2919.22(A) does not mandate the imposition of

post release control. Because Appellant’s convictions are not offenses of violence, R.C.

2967.28(C) controls.

{¶32} Accordingly, we sustain Appellant’s third Assignment of Error. We vacate

the April 12, 2023 sentencing entry as to only the imposition of mandatory post release

control and remand the matter to the trial court for the sole purpose of resentencing on

the issue of post release control. Muskingum County, Case No. CT2023-0024 12

CONCLUSION

{¶33} The judgment of the Muskingum County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed

in part and reversed and remanded in part. The matter is remanded to the trial court for

the sole purpose of resentencing on the issue of post release control.

By: Delaney, P.J.,

Gwin, J. and

King, J., concur.