State v. Myers

2010 NMCA 007, 226 P.3d 673, 147 N.M. 574
CourtNew Mexico Court of Appeals
DecidedNovember 18, 2009
Docket26,837
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 2010 NMCA 007 (State v. Myers) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Mexico Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Myers, 2010 NMCA 007, 226 P.3d 673, 147 N.M. 574 (N.M. Ct. App. 2009).

Opinion

OPINION

VIGIL, Judge.

{1} Defendant was convicted of seven counts of sexual exploitation of children by manufacturing child pornography, a second degree felony, in violation of NMSA 1978, Section 30-6A-3(D) (2001) (amended 2007), of the Sexual Exploitation of Children Act, NMSA 1978, Sections 30-6A-1 to -4 (1984, as amended through 2007). In State v. Myers, 2008-NMCA-047, 143 N.M. 710, 181 P.3d 702 (Myers I), we concluded that the essential elements of the crime established by State v. Rendleman, 2003-NMCA-150, 134 N.M. 744, 82 P.3d 554 were not proven, and reversed. On certiorari, the Supreme Court overruled and modified Rendleman in part, with the result that the elements of the crime were changed, and reversed. State v. Myers, 2009-NMSC-016, 146 N.M. 128, 207 P.3d 1105 (Myers II).

{2} The Supreme Court also remanded the case to us “to consider the parties’ remaining claims, namely, [1] whether the Act is void for vagueness as applied to Defendant’s eon-duct[,] and [2] whether the trial court properly entered a stay of execution that relieved Defendant of the obligation to register as a sex offender pending the outcome of this appeal.” Id. ¶ 47.

{3} We hold that, as applied to Defendant’s conduct in this case, Section 30-6A-3(D) is void for vagueness and that the trial court properly exercised its discretion to relieve Defendant from registering as a sex offender pending the outcome of this appeal.

BACKGROUND

{4} Sometime between May and September 2004, Defendant set up a video camera in a unisex bathroom adjacent to his office for the purpose of recording females while they used the restroom. Myers II, 2009-NMSC-016, ¶ 2, 146 N.M. 128, 207 P.3d 1105. Defendant drilled a hole in the wall between the bathroom and his office and ran a cord from the camera to a TV/VCR he had hidden in his office closet. Myers I, 2008-NMCA-047, ¶ 2, 143 N.M. 710, 181 P.3d 702. When Defendant saw a female enter the restroom, he would record her on videotape as she used the toilet. Myers II, 2009-NMSC-016, ¶ 2, 146 N.M. 128, 207 P.3d 1105. In September 2004, the video camera was discovered and a criminal investigation ensued. Id. ¶ 3. Videotapes of five females using the restroom, along with commercial pornographic magazines and videotapes, were found in Defendant’s office. Id. ¶¶ 3, 4. Defendant admitted in a voluntary statement to the police that his purpose in recording females was his personal sexual gratification. Id.

{5} Two of the females were minors at the time of recording. Id. ¶ 4. The State charged Defendant with nine counts of sexual exploitation of children by manufacturing child pornography in violation of Section 30-6A-3(D). Myers II, 2009-NMSC-016, ¶ 4, 146 N.M. 128, 207 P.3d 1105. The State used photographs it extracted from the videotapes to prove its case, rather than the videotapes themselves. Id. ¶¶ 4, 7. Defendant faced no charges for recording the adult women because no statute prohibiting voyeurism was in effect at the time. Our voyeurism statute was not enacted until 2007. See NMSA 1978, § 30-9-20 (2007).

{6} When Defendant was charged, we had already decided Rendleman in which we construed Section 30-6A-3(D) and established the essential elements of the offense. The Supreme Court denied certiorari in Rendleman. 2003-NMCERT-003, 135 N.M. 51, 84 P.3d 668. Accordingly, Defendant’s bench trial and conviction for seven counts of sexual exploitation of children by manufacturing child pornography in violation of Section 30-6A-3(D) was based on the elements of the offense as determined by us in Rendleman. Myers I, 2008-NMCA-047, ¶ 8, 143 N.M. 710, 181 P.3d 702. (The State filed a nolle prosequi as to one count, and the district court directed a verdict on a second count. Id. ¶¶ 6, 7).

{7} To convict Defendant, the State was required to prove that Defendant manufactured “obscene” photographs which depict a “prohibited sexual act.” Section 30-6A-3(D) (prohibiting the manufacture of any “obscene” print medium depicting any “prohibited sexual act” by a child under eighteen years of age); § 30-6A-2(E) (defining “obscene”); § 30-6A-2(A)(5) (defining one type of a “prohibited sexual act”). To prove the photographs depict a “prohibited sexual act,” the State was required to prove that they portrayed a “lewd and sexually explicit exhibition with a focus on the genitals or pubic area of any person for the purpose of sexual stimulation.” Myers I, 2008-NMCA-047, ¶ 11, 143 N.M. 710, 181 P.3d 702; Myers II, 2009-NMSC-016, ¶ 19, 146 N.M. 128, 207 P.3d 1105 (quoting § 30-6A-2(A)(5)). Thus, proof of three essential elements was required: (1) a “lewd and sexually explicit exhibition”; (2) with a “focus on the genitals or pubic area of any person”; (3) “for the purpose of sexual stimulation.” Rendleman, 2003-NMCA-150, ¶ 42, 134 N.M. 744, 82 P.3d 554; Myers I, 2008-NMCA-047, ¶ 12, 143 N.M. 710, 181 P.3d 702; Myers II, 2009-NMSC-016, ¶ 19, 146 N.M. 128, 207 P.3d 1105.

{8} In Myers I, we reversed Defendant’s convictions on the grounds that statutory elements of a “prohibited sexual act” as construed in Rendleman were not satisfied. Myers I, 2008-NMCA-047, ¶¶ 10-18, 143 N.M. 710, 181 P.3d 702. Clearly, at the time of Defendant’s conduct and at his subsequent bench trial, Rendleman was the applicable law. See State v. Allen, 82 N.M. 373, 374, 482 P.2d 237, 238 (1971) (“We have held that the law, at the time of the commission of the offense, is controlling.”). On certiorari, the Supreme Court reversed our decision, holding that Rendleman incorrectly construed certain statutory elements of the offense. Without attempting an exhaustive analysis of its reasoning or how Myers II modified and overruled Rendleman in its interpretation of these statutory elements, we point to the following examples.

{9} As to the first element, Rendleman concluded that for a photograph to contain a “lewd and sexually explicit exhibition” the photograph must portray “a visible display or readily discernible depiction of a child engaged in sexually provocative conduct. In other words, the photograph must be identifiable as hard-core child pornography; that is, it must display visible signs of sexual eroticism, rather than merely depict a naked child.” Rendleman, 2003-NMCA-150, ¶ 44, 134 N.M. 744, 82 P.3d 554. We applied this requirement in Myers I, 2008-NMCA-047, ¶ 12, 143 N.M. 710, 181 P.3d 702. However, in Myers II, the Supreme Court changed this proof requirement. The Supreme Court held that the statute is not limited to “hard-core child pornography” but includes all child pornography which the fact finder determines is obscene. 2009-NMSC-016, ¶¶ 18, 39, 146 N.M. 128, 207 P.3d 1105; see § 30-6A-2(E) (defining “obscene” material).

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Bluebook (online)
2010 NMCA 007, 226 P.3d 673, 147 N.M. 574, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-myers-nmctapp-2009.