State v. Mayle

2018 Ohio 427

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: February 2, 2018
• Docket: 17-CA-25
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as State v. Mayle, 2018-Ohio-427.]

COURT OF APPEALS FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

STATE OF OHIO : JUDGES: : Hon. John W. Wise, P.J. Plaintiff - Appellee : Hon. Willam B. Hoffman, J. : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. -vs- : : JEFFREY MAYLE : Case No. 17-CA-25 : Defendant - Appellant : OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Fairfield County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 16CR-304

JUDGMENT: Reversed

DATE OF JUDGMENT: February 2, 2018

APPEARANCES:

For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant

R. KYLE WITT SCOTT P. WOOD Prosecuting Attorney Conrad/Wood 120 East Main Street, Suite 200 By: KIRK L. SHAW Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Assistant Prosecuting Attorney 239 West Main Street, Suite 101 Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Fairfield County, Case No. 17-25 2

Baldwin, J.

{¶1} Appellant, Jeffrey Mayle, appeals from the decision of the Fairfield County

Court of Common Pleas denying his motion to dismiss for failure to comply with speedy

trial time limits. The appellee is the State of Ohio.

Statement of the Case and the Facts

{¶2} Appellant was cited on March 7, 2016 for a violation of R.C. 4510.14, driving

under suspension and R.C. 4511.202, failure to control, arising from a traffic accident that

occurred on that date. On March 10, 2016 appellant entered a plea of not guilty and on

March 14, 2016 appellant signed a waiver of his speedy trial rights.

{¶3} On August 5, 2016, appellant was indicted by the Fairfield County Grand

Jury for one count of operating a vehicle under the influence of alcohol in violation of R.C.

4511.19, a felony of the third degree due to a prior felony conviction under the same

section of the Revised Code. On September 29, 2016 the state filed a nolle prosequi with

regard to the driving under suspension and failure to control charges.

{¶4} Appellant filed a motion to dismiss the felony charge on April 13, 2017,

asserting that the state failed to bring appellant to trial within the statutory speedy trial

time limit. The trial court conducted a hearing on the motion on May 24, 2017. At the

hearing, the parties agreed that there were no tolling events prior to the filing of defense

motions on February 1, 2017, 330 days after the issuance of the citation on March 7,

2016. (Transcript, p. 11-12) The trial court considered the arguments and overruled the

motion in open court on May 24, 2017:

All right. So the Court’s going to interpret Adams this way: That the

Defendant’s waiver from the time of the signing of the waiver to the time Fairfield County, Case No. 17-25 3

that Defendant was indicted on the felony OVI, that that obviously worked

as a waiver. However, the Court is finding that the time period is tolled. So

basically, from the time the Waiver was executed March 14th, 2016 to when

the defendant was indicted, which was August 5, 2016, that the waiver also

pertain to the new filing, felony filing. But when it was filed, then basically,

the waiver stopped. But the court is going to look at that time as being tolled.

So, therefore, speedy trial of the Defendant has not been violated.

The Court has given its ruling. (Transcript, p. 14-15)

{¶5} The trial court journalized its ruling without further comment in its May 30,

2017 entry. Appellant changed his plea to no contest and the trial court imposed a

sentence of twenty four months, but stayed the imposition of the sentence pending

appeal. Appellant filed a timely appeal and asserts one assignment of error:

{¶6} I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN OVERRULING APPELLANT’S MOTION

TO DISMISS BASED ON A VIOLATION OF APPELLANT’S STATUTORY RIGHT TO A

SPEEDY TRIAL.

{¶7} Appellant describes the dispositive issue as whether “the time that elapsed

after Appellant waived his right to a speedy trial in the DUS case is chargeable against

the State.” (Appellant’s Brief, p. 3) Appellee contends the proper characterization is

“whether the otherwise valid waiver of speedy trial executed by Appellant should have

been retroactively voided once the State indicted Appellant on subsequent charges

stemming from the same facts.” (Appellee’s Brief, p. 2) Both parties focus on the

interpretation and application of the holding of the Supreme Court of Ohio in State v.

Adams, 43 Ohio St.3d 67, 538 N.E.2d 1025 (1989). We hold that the proper resolution Fairfield County, Case No. 17-25 4

of this case requires a determination of when the speedy trial time for the felony charge

began to run against the state, and whether the waiver signed by the defendant tolled the

time for that charge.

{¶8} Initially, we note that a speedy trial claim involves a mixed question of law

and fact. See State v. Kuhn 4th Dist. No. 97CA2307, 1998 WL 321535 (Jun. 10, 1998);

State v. Kimble, Vinton App. No. 96CA507, 1997 WL 691469 (Nov. 7, 1997); State v.

Boso, Washington App. No. 95CA10, 1996 WL 530007 (Sept. 11, 1996); State v. Howard,

Scioto App. No. 93CA2136, 1994 WL 67688 (Mar. 4, 1994). See, also, U.S. v. Smith, 94

F.3d 204, 208 (6th Cir.1996); U.S. v. Clark, 83 F.3d 1350, 1352 (11th Cir.1996). As an

appellate court, we must accept as true any facts found by the trial court and supported

by competent credible evidence. With regard to the legal issues, however, we apply a de

novo standard of review and thus freely review the trial court's application of the law to

the facts. Kimble; Boso; Howard.

{¶9} When reviewing the legal issues presented in a speedy trial claim, we must

strictly construe the relevant statutes against the state. In Brecksville v. Cook, 75 Ohio

St.3d 53, 57, 661 N.E.2d 706 (1996), the court referred to its prior admonition “to strictly

construe speedy trial statutes against the state.” See, also, State v. Miller, 113 Ohio

App.3d 606, 608, 681 N.E.2d 970 (11th Dist.1996). In State v. Cloud, 122 Ohio App.3d

626, 629-630, 702 N.E.2d 500 (2nd Dist.1997), the court additionally specified that “the

duties which those statutes impose upon the state must be strictly enforced by the courts.”

{¶10} The relevant facts are undisputed. Appellant signed a waiver of his speedy

trial rights after being charged with one count of driving under suspension and one count

of failure to control, but before he was indicted for the felony OVI charge. All charges Fairfield County, Case No. 17-25 5

arose from the same March 7, 2016 incident. The state admits that it had intended from

the date of the traffic citation to file the felony OVI charge, so it did have knowledge of the

relevant facts supporting the felony charge at the time the initial charges were filed. The

appellant filed a motion to continue a pre-trial from October 3, 2016 to October 24, 2016,

so the speedy time was tolled for a period of 21 days. No other tolling periods are relevant

to the issues before this court.

{¶11} “[W]hen new and additional charges arise from the same facts as did the

original charge and the state knew of such facts at the time of the initial indictment, the

time within which trial is to begin on the additional charge is subject to the same statutory

limitations period that is applied to the original charge.” State v. Adams, supra at p. 68,

citations omitted. “An additional charge creates an additional burden on the defendant's

liberty interests. Therefore, the speedy-trial requirements applicable to the additional

charge must commence with the defendant's arrest, and the waivers *** chargeable to

the defendant with respect to the original charge cannot apply to the additional charge.

State v. Campbell, 150 Ohio App.3d 90, 2002-Ohio-6064, 779 N.E.2d 811, ¶ 24, (1st

Dist.) aff'd, 100 Ohio St.3d 361, 2003-Ohio-6804, 800 N.E.2d 356. Appellant did not

waive his rights to a speedy trial on charges he was unaware of prior to indictment. City

of Rocky River v. Glodick, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 89302, 2007-Ohio-5705, ¶ 17

{¶12} Adams and its progeny lead inexorably to the conclusion that appellant did

not waive his right to a speedy trial on the new charge and that he was not brought to trial

within the relevant time limit. Because the new charge clearly arises from the same facts

as the initial charges and the state has admitted knowledge of all the facts supporting that

new charge, the speedy trial time for the felony OVI charge commenced on the same Fairfield County, Case No. 17-25 6

date as the speedy trial time for the driving under suspension and failure to control

charges-- March 7, 2016. The waiver signed by appellant did not apply to the new charges

because it was executed prior to the indictment and appellant was unaware of the charges

when he signed the waiver The speedy trial time for the new charge, 270 days,(R.C.

2945.71(C)(2)) began to run a March 7, 2016 and expired on December 23, 2016.

Consequently, appellant was not brought to trial within the speedy trial time limits

applicable to the new charge.

{¶13} Appellee proposes that the holding of Adams does not require a retroactive

voiding of a prior valid waiver of speedy trial rights. While appellee is correct, that

observation is not pertinent. The waiver is not voided and does remain in effect with

regard to the charges that were first filed, but the waiver has no effect on any new charges

because “this waiver is not applicable to additional charges arising from the same set of

facts that are brought subsequent to the waiver.” State v. Rausenberg, 5th Dist. Delaware

No. 16CAA020007, 2017-Ohio-1078, ¶ 31, appeal not allowed, 2017-Ohio-9111, citing

Adams, supra.

{¶14} Appellee also proposes that the appellant’s criminal history and the citation

served on appellant provided notice of an impending charge of felony OVI and that notice

provides an exception to the rule set down in Adam. This theory does not withstand the

precedent cited in Adams which held that “‘courts indulge every reasonable presumption

against waiver’ of fundamental constitutional rights and *** we ‘do not presume

acquiescence in the loss of fundamental rights.’ Johnson v. Zerbst (1938), 304 U.S. 458,

464, 58 S.Ct. 1019, 1023, 82 L.Ed. 1461”, as cited in State v. Adams, supra at 69. A

valid waiver requires that “defendant understand the nature of the charges against him, Fairfield County, Case No. 17-25 7

as well as know exactly what is being waived and the extent of the waiver” Id. The

appellant in the case at bar could not know the nature of the charges against him, exactly

what is being waived and the extent of the waiver with regard to charges that might be

filed in the future. Appellant’s knowledge of potential future charges is irrelevant because,

“even where the accused knows of the possibility of additional charges being brought

against him, a waiver of speedy trial rights cannot apply to charges brought subsequent

to the waiver.” State v. Reeves, 2nd Dist. Greene No. 2015-CA-12, 2016-Ohio-5540, ¶

20. Further, until formal charges were filed, appellant had no statutory right of discharge

that he could waive with respect to them. Therefore, appellant’s waiver applied only to the

charges then pending in the proceeding in which the waiver was filed. State v. Jackson,

2nd Dist. Montgomery No. 17056, 1998 WL 639272, *2 (Sept. 18, 1998).

{¶15} For those reasons we must reject appellees invitation to rely on informal

notice of charges that might be filed at a future time as supporting a comprehensive

waiver of speedy trial rights.

{¶16} We hold that the time within which appellant was to be brought to trial

pursuant to his speedy trial right began running on March 7, 2016 and that appellant did

not waive his speedy trial right with regard to the felony charge. We further hold that the

state was obligated to bring appellant within 270 days but that the time was tolled for 21

days due to a continuance filed by appellant. The deadline for trial was December 23,

2016 and, therefore, we hold that the state has violated appellant’s speedy trial right. The

decision of the Fairfield County Common Pleas Court is hereby reversed and the charge

against appellant for violation of R. C. 4511.19 (A)(1) (h), 4511.19(G)(1)(d) arising from

the March 7, 2016 incident is dismissed. Fairfield County, Case No. 17-25 8

Costs assessed to appellee.

By: Baldwin, J.

John Wise, P.J. and

Hoffman, J. concur.