State v. Johnson

704 So. 2d 1269, 1997 WL 772460
Louisiana Court of Appeal·Decided December 10, 1997·No. 30078-KA·Published·Cited by 16 cases

Opinion

704 So.2d 1269 (1997)

STATE of Louisiana, Appellee,
v.
Tommy JOHNSON, Appellant.

No. 30078-KA.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Second Circuit.

December 10, 1997.
Rehearing Denied January 15, 1998.

*1270 Kenneth A. Brister, Lk. Providence, and Louisiana Appellate Project by Richard J. Gallot, Jr., Ruston, for Appellant.

Richard Ieyoub, Attorney General, James D. Caldwell, District Attorney, George F. Fox, Jr., Assistant District Attorney, for Appellee.

Before STEWART, GASKINS and PEATROSS, JJ.

PEATROSS, Judge.

Defendant, Tommy Johnson, was charged with attempted second degree murder in violation of LSA-R.S. 14:27 and LSA-R.S. 14:30.1. A jury found Defendant guilty of aggravated battery, a violation of LSA-R.S. 14:34, and the trial court sentenced Defendant *1271 to ten years at hard labor. From this conviction and sentence, Defendant appeals, urging the following as error: (1) the alleged insufficiency of the evidence to support the conviction of aggravated battery; (2) the trial court's failure to grant Defendant's motion for judgment of acquittal; (3) the trial court's admission of allegedly inadmissible evidence relating to a surveillance video tape; (4) the trial court's imposition of an allegedly harsh and unconstitutionally excessive sentence; (5) the trial court's imposition of a sentence allegedly constituting cruel and unusual punishment; and (6) the trial court's denial of Defendant's motion to reconsider sentence. For the following reasons, we affirm Defendant's conviction and sentence.

FACTS

On the evening of February 9, 1996, at the Key Station convenience store in Lake Providence, Louisiana, Defendant attempted to steal two bottles of gin. Ali Ahmed, the store's owner, confronted Defendant and attempted to take the bottles from him. The two men scuffled and Ahmed retrieved the bottles, but ripped Defendant's shirt off in the struggle. Defendant exited the store and the police were telephoned by a store employee. Minutes later, Defendant, still shirtless, returned to the store. Defendant shouted expletives and fired two shots from a pistol at Mr. Ahmed. Defendant again exited the store. Mr. Ahmed sought cover beneath a counter and grabbed his own gun. He then chased Defendant while firing his own gun a number of times. After the police arrived at the scene, Defendant again returned to the store to purportedly retrieve his shirt and was arrested. Two nine-millimeter Luger shells were found in the store's doorway. No bullet holes were found in the store. Defendant's weapon was never recovered.

A store surveillance video camera recorded the incident and a number of people, including police officers, viewed the video after the incident. Mr. Ahmed, however, inadvertently left the tape in the video cassette recorder, thereby allowing the pertinent portion to be taped over the following day. At trial, two police officers and Defendant's parole officer testified that they had viewed the video recording prior to its erasure. Each witness testified that the tape showed Defendant attempting to steal the bottles of liquor; the fight between Defendant and Mr. Ahmed; Defendant's exit and return to the store; Defendant firing two shots; and Ahmed returning fire.

At trial, Mr. Ahmed originally testified that he did not see Defendant's gun and did not see who fired the shots. Mr. Ahmed also estimated that ten people stood behind Defendant during this incident and that he was not sure if someone else could have fired the shots. Mr. Ahmed testified that he only saw the Defendant reach behind his back and that he then heard gunshots. Previously, at the preliminary hearing, Mr. Ahmed testified that he saw Defendant reach from behind, retrieve a small pistol and shoot. When the State recalled Mr. Ahmed to the witness stand during the trial and confronted him with these inconsistencies, Mr. Ahmed testified that he clearly saw Defendant shoot at him and that the reason he had wavered earlier in the trial was because he had been threatened with death if he did not exonerate Defendant.

Defendant was charged by bill of information with attempted second degree murder. Aggravated battery is listed by La.C.Cr.P. art. 814(A)(4) as a responsive verdict of attempted second degree murder. The trial court gave the jury instructions, which included aggravated battery as a legislatively responsive verdict which the jury could return and a definition of the crime of aggravated battery. The jury returned a verdict of guilty of aggravated battery, in violation of LSA-R.S. 14:34. The trial court sentenced Defendant to the statutory maximum of ten years.

DISCUSSION

Responsive Verdict, Sufficiency of the Evidence and Motion to Acquit

In his first assignment of error, Defendant argues that the evidence is insufficient to justify the jury's responsive verdict of guilty of aggravated battery. Defendant contends, and both the State and trial court *1272 conceded at trial, that an "aggravated battery," by definition, did not occur in this instance because no physical contact occurred between Defendant and the victim. For this reason, in his second assignment of error, Defendant claims the trial court erred in its denial of his motion for judgment of acquittal.

Defendant made no objection to the jury instructions recited by the trial court and the jury found Defendant guilty of aggravated battery. Defendant motioned the trial court for judgment of acquittal based on the lack of evidence supporting a conviction of aggravated battery, but his motion was denied.

The basis of Defendant's argument is that, under the facts of this case, aggravated battery was not an appropriate verdict because that offense is committed only under certain circumstances, none of which were present in this case. Aggravated battery is defined as a battery committed with a dangerous weapon. LSA-R.S. 14:34. A battery is "the intentional suse of force or violence upon the person of another ..." LSA-R.S. 13:33.

Even if an offense is legislatively designated as responsive by La.C.Cr.P. art. 814, a defendant may timely object to an instruction on a responsive verdict on the basis that the evidence does not support that responsive verdict. La.C.Cr.P. art. 814(C).[1] If the court overrules the objection and the jury returns a verdict of guilty of the responsive offense, the reviewing court must examine the record to determine if the responsive verdict is supported by the evidence and may reverse the conviction if the evidence does not support the verdict. State ex rel. Elaire v. Blackburn, 424 So.2d 246 (La.1982), cert. denied, 461 U.S. 959, 103 S.Ct. 2432, 77 L.Ed.2d 1318 (1983).

Absent a contemporaneous objection, however, a defendant cannot complain if the jury returns a legislatively approved responsive verdict (such as aggravated battery in the instant case), even where there is insufficient evidence to support such a verdict, provided that the evidence is sufficient to support the charged offense. State v. Schrader, 518 So.2d 1024 (La.1988); State ex rel. Elaire v. Blackburn, supra. In Elaire, the Louisiana Supreme Court stated:

It would be unfair to permit the defendant to have the advantage of the possibility that a lesser "compromise" verdict will be returned (as opposed to being convicted of the offense charged) and then to raise the complaint for the first time on appeal, that the evidence did not support the responsive verdict to which he failed to object.

In the present case, the

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