State v. Jaramillo

2004 NMCA 041, 88 P.3d 264, 135 N.M. 322
CourtNew Mexico Court of Appeals
DecidedFebruary 13, 2004
DocketNo. 23191
StatusPublished
Cited by16 cases

This text of 2004 NMCA 041 (State v. Jaramillo) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Mexico Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Jaramillo, 2004 NMCA 041, 88 P.3d 264, 135 N.M. 322 (N.M. Ct. App. 2004).

Opinions

OPINION

PICKARD, J.

{1} Rule 5-604 NMRA 2003, the six-month rule for criminal cases, “is a bright-line rule, designed to assure prompt disposition of criminal eases.” State v. Cardenas, 2003-NMCA-051, ¶ 12,133 N.M. 516, 64 P.3d 543 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). At the same time, however, our Supreme Court has cautioned that the rule is to be read with common sense and not to effectuate technical dismissals. State v. Mendoza, 108 N.M. 446, 449, 774 P.2d 440, 443 (1989); State v. Flores, 99 N.M. 44, 46, 653 P.2d 875, 877 (1982). Like so many of the six-month rule cases, this one lies at the intersection between these two lines of cases — the bright line that requires dismissal and the untechnical reading that blurs the bright line. The facts of this case can be reasonably interpreted so that the six-month rule is not violated; a dismissal in such circumstances would effectuate the sort of technical dismissal upon which the law frowns. We therefore affirm the trial court’s denial of Defendant’s motion to dismiss.

FACTS AND PROCEEDINGS

{2} This case involves Rules 5 — 604(B)(3) and (4), the provisions dealing with mistrials and appeals. Defendant and a co-defendant were separately indicted for murder, but their cases were joined. The co-defendant had made a statement, implicating both himself and Defendant. Defendant moved to sever the cases, but the prosecutor agreed that he would not use the co-defendant’s statement at the joint trial. No written order reflects any action on Defendant’s motion for severance. The cases went to joint trial in December of 1999. The prosecutor did not remember his agreement and sought to introduce against the co-defendant only the co-defendant’s statement about what the co-defendant did. Defendant moved for a mistrial, which was granted on the second day of trial, December 7,1999. The trial court also ordered a severance at that time. No written orders were ever entered reflecting either the mistrial or the severance rulings.

{3} At the time this trial began, the operative date for commencing trial under the six-month rule was February 5, 2000. On December 16, 1999, the co-defendant moved to dismiss on double jeopardy grounds, based on alleged prosecutor misconduct precipitating the mistrial. The motion was heard and denied in December, and the co-defendant filed an appeal in January 2000. Defendant filed his own motion to dismiss on the same grounds in February 2000. At the hearing on February 7, 2000, at which the trial court denied the motion, Defendant indicated that he would appeal also, and the court indicated that both defendants “might as well” be on appeal.

{4} Defendant never filed an appeal, but during the ensuing months, prior to the time the co-defendant’s appeal was decided against him, there were several hearings in Defendant’s case on matters concerning bond and conditions of release. These hearings were held in July 2000, October 2000, February 2001, and April 2001. A joint notice of status conference, covering both Defendant’s and the co-defendant’s cases, was filed in August 2000. In February 2001, the co-defendant’s appeal was decided, and mandate was issued in May 2001.

{5} On June 18, 2001, Defendant’s ease was noticed for trial on September 24, 2001. A few days before the scheduled trial, Defendant filed his motion to dismiss for the alleged six-month rule violation. The trial court denied it, ruling that Defendant was responsible for preparing the written severance order. The court reasoned that because the eases were not effectively severed, the co-defendant’s appeal governed the six-month rule such that Rule 5 — 604(B)(4) provided that the six-month rule would not expire until six months from the mandate or in November of 2001. Defendant thereafter pleaded guilty, reserving his right to appeal the six-month rule issue.

DISCUSSION

{6} Defendant argues that because the cases were severed and because he did not appeal, his trial was required to commence by June 7, 2000, six months after the declaration of the mistrial. See Rule 5 — 604(B)(3) (requiring trial to be commenced six months after the order declaring a mistrial is filed); Rule 5-121(E) NMRA 2003 (placing the ultimate responsibility for entry of orders on the trial court); State v. Ratchford, 115 N.M. 567, 570, 855 P.2d 556, 559 (1993) (holding that oral order granting a new trial takes precedence over rule stating that motions not acted on within a certain time are deemed denied); cf. State v. Reyes-Arreola, 1999-NMCA-086, ¶¶ 3, 20, 127 N.M. 528, 984 P.2d 775 (indicating that nunc pro tunc order declaring a mistrial, which was filed four months after the mistrial was actually declared, benefitted the defendant and conformed to the purpose of the rule, which was to permit six months to try a defendant after a mistrial is declared).

{7} The State argues that the parties’ actions in this case were the actions of people who believed that the co-defendant’s appeal would apply to Defendant’s double jeopardy issue and thus the co-defendant’s actions in delaying the trial should apply equally to Defendant such that the six-month clock would not start until mandate on the appeal was issued under Rule 5-604(B)(4). The State particularly relies on the rule that the bar of double jeopardy may be raised at any time, NMSA1978, § 30-1-10 (1963), meaning that the double jeopardy claim would be available to Defendant notwithstanding his failure to appeal if the co-defendant had won his appeal. The State also relies heavily on the facts that Defendant acted throughout the pendency of the co-defendant’s appeal as though Defendant were waiting for its outcome; i.e., he did not ask for a trial setting, a speedy trial, or a dismissal on six-month rule grounds, and he acquiesced in the court’s authority over him for bond and condition-of-release purposes.

{8} We believe that the State has the more persuasive position. We base our rationale on the purposes of the six-month rule and the requirement that it be construed in a common-sense and untechnical manner. As this case involves the application of the six-month rule, our review is de novo. Cardenas, 2003-NMCA-051, ¶4, 133 N.M. 516, 64 P.3d 543.

{9} The purpose of the six-month rule is “to assure the prompt trial and disposition of criminal cases.” Flores, 99 N.M. at 46, 653 P.2d at 877. The rule accomplishes its purpose by requiring trial to commence within six months of various events, failing which dismissal of the charges is required unless an extension of time has been properly obtained. Rule 5-604(F). Because of the possibility of obtaining such extensions of time, many cases could theoretically be decided in defendants’ favor on the ground that available extensions were not obtained. A review of pertinent cases, however, shows that this is not how the rule is applied.

{10} For example, in the Flores case, this Court reversed a trial court’s failure to dismiss when the defendant was detained without conditions of release after his arrest and then released by the penitentiary in violation of the court’s order. When the defendant was not brought to trial within six months of arrest because he was at large, he moved to dismiss. Id. at 45, 653 P.2d at 876.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
2004 NMCA 041, 88 P.3d 264, 135 N.M. 322, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-jaramillo-nmctapp-2004.