State v. Mayfield

923 P.2d 1183, 122 N.M. 298
CourtNew Mexico Court of Appeals
DecidedAugust 1, 1996
DocketNo. 16299
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 923 P.2d 1183 (State v. Mayfield) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Mexico Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Mayfield, 923 P.2d 1183, 122 N.M. 298 (N.M. Ct. App. 1996).

Opinion

OPINION

DONNELLY, Judge.

1. In this case we address an aspect of NMRA 1996, 5-604 and the propriety of the district court’s dismissal of drug charges filed against Defendant based on the State’s asserted six-month rule violation. For the reasons discussed herein, we reverse the order dismissing the indictment.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

2. Defendant was indicted on October 22, 1993, on two counts of trafficking cocaine, contrary to NMSA 1978, Section 30-31-20(A)(2) (Cum.Supp.1996). On November 16, 1993, Defendant moved to dismiss the indictment, claiming that the prosecutor back-dated the “true bill” with the signature of a jury foreman who was not present at the grand jury proceedings which culminated in Defendant’s indictment. Thereafter, the State filed a nolle prosequi on December 2, 1993. See State v. Ware, 115 N.M. 339, 341, 850 P.2d 1042, 1044 (Ct.App.) (“A nolle prosequi is a dismissal of criminal charges filed by the prosecutor, usually without prejudice.”), cert. denied, 115 N.M. 228, 849 P.2d 371 (1993).

3. A second indictment involving the same charges was filed on February 4, 1994, in a new case. Defendant was arraigned on February 18, 1994, and the six-month deadline for commencing trial on the second indictment was August 18, 1994. See NMRA 5-604(B)(l). Trial was scheduled to commence on August 16,1994.

4. On July 22, 1994, Defendant filed a motion to dismiss the new indictment, arguing that the six-month period within which to begin trial should have commenced to run on November 5, 1993, when she was arraigned on the first indictment, and that the six-month deadline for beginning trial thereon should have been determined to have expired on May 6, 1994. The district court denied the motion on August 12, 1994, but certified the matter for interlocutory appeal. Defendant filed her application for interlocutory appeal on August 22, 1994. This Court denied Defendant’s application for interlocutory appeal on September 12, 1994, and mandate was filed on October 14,1994.

5. After the issuance of this Court’s mandate, Defendant filed another motion in the district court, seeking dismissal of the new indictment or, alternatively, requesting that the office of the Second Judicial District Attorney be disqualified from prosecuting this case. Defendant, among other things, argued that the parties had stipulated to an extension of time on August 16, 1994, to permit her to pursue an interlocutory appeal, but that the State erroneously filed the petition for extension of time and stipulation in the closed case file relating to the first indictment, and thus the extension request was never presented to the district judge designated to consider such request. As a result, Defendant argued the time for commencement of the trial had expired and dismissal was required. Prior to the hearing on Defendant’s motion, the district court granted the State’s motion to transfer the August 16, 1994, petition and stipulation to the right case file.

6. Following a hearing, the district court entered an order dismissing the second indictment on the ground that the six-month rule expired on August 18, 1994. The order was accompanied by a second order filed the same day by another district judge, who denied the August 16, 1994, stipulated request for an extension.

ANALYSIS

Was the Six-Month Time Requirement Tolled?

7. On appeal, the State argues that NMRA 5-604(B)(4) does not require that it obtain an extension beyond the August 18, 1994, deadline because prior to this date the district court certified the question for interlocutory appeal and it was undisputed that Defendant intended to pursue an interlocutory appeal, thereby suspending the proceedings under our case law. The State further argues that under the plain language of NMRA 5-604(B)(4), the six-month period within which to commence trial began anew when this Court’s mandate was issued on October 14, 1994. In response, Defendant has abandoned the argument that the State was required to obtain an extension before the August 18, 1994, deadline. Instead, she maintains that we should affirm under a “right for the wrong reason” rationale by recognising a “tolling” provision for six-month rule interlocutory appeals. She argues that there were six days remaining under the original six-month trial deadline, when the district court certified the matter for interlocutory appeal. Under Defendant’s theory, the State had only six days remaining within which to commence Defendant’s trial after the issuance of this Court’s mandate and that the time for commencing trial ran out on October 18,1994. We disagree.

8. NMRA 5-604(B)(4), promulgated by our Supreme Court, provides:

Time limits for commencement of trial.
The trial of a criminal case or an habitual criminal proceeding shall be commenced six (6) months after whichever of the following events occurs latest:
(4) in the event of an appeal, including interlocutory appeals, the date the mandate or order is filed in the district court disposing of the appeal.

9. Under NMRA 5-604(B)(4), the State had an additional six months to commence trial after the mandate was issued by this Court. See State v. Eden, 108 N.M. 737, 742, 779 P.2d 114, 119 (Ct.App.) (denial of application for interlocutory appeal and issuance of appellate court mandate activates “new six-month period [within] which to commence trial”), cert. denied, 108 N.M. 681, 777 P.2d 1325 (1989). In State v. Coburn, 120 N.M. 214, 217, 900 P.2d 963, 966 (Ct.App.), cert. denied, 120 N.M. 68, 898 P.2d 120 (1995), we observed that a literal application of the six-month rule “will be set aside only when there is an event extending pretrial activity to the mutual benefit of the parties, or where there is an attempt by the State to circumvent the rule without justification.” Applying a common-sense interpretation to the rule in question, we conclude that the filing of the interlocutory appeal by Defendant on August 22, 1994, interrupted the running of the six-month rule, and the six-month time period was triggered anew on October 14, 1994, when the Court of Appeals’ mandate disposing of Defendant’s interlocutory appeal was filed in the district court. NMRA 5-604(B)(4); see also State v. Sanchez, 109 N.M. 313, 316-17, 785 P.2d 224, 227-28 (1989) (holding six-month rule suspended based on parties’ agreement that proceedings be held in abeyance- pending ruling by court on plea bargain); State v. Mendoza, 108 N.M. 446, 448-49, 774 P.2d 440, 442-43 (1989) (six-month time period suspended during period parties mutually pursued mental exam to determine the defendant’s competency); State v. Flores, 99 N.M. 44, 46, 653 P.2d 875, 877 (1982) (under former rule, failure of the defendant to appear at court hearing resulting in issuance of bench warrant for his arrest interrupted running of six-month rule); State v. Altherr, 117 N.M.

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Bluebook (online)
923 P.2d 1183, 122 N.M. 298, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-mayfield-nmctapp-1996.