State v. Homo

567 A.2d 540, 132 N.H. 514, 1989 N.H. LEXIS 150
Supreme Court of New Hampshire·Decided December 28, 1989·No. No. 88-309·Published·Cited by 8 cases

Opinion

Thayer, J.

The defendant, Lawrence R. Homo, was tried and convicted in the Auburn District Court (Larson, J.) for driving an overweight motor vehicle in violation of RSA 266:18-a, II (Supp. 1988), and for operating a motor vehicle with a bald tire in violation of RSA 266:49, IV. Mr. Homo makes three arguments on appeal: (1) that there was insufficient evidence to find that he had operated the vehicle on a public way; (2) that the trial court erred as a matter of law in not allowing the defendant to call a witness to testify that the road on which the defendant was traveling was a part of the interstate and defense highway system; and (3) that the complaints did not contain sufficient specificity to withstand Mr. Homo’s motion to dismiss. For the reasons that follow, we dismiss the appeal from the overweight vehicle conviction and affirm the bald tire conviction.

According to the record, North wood Police Chief George Jacobs received three telephone calls on Sunday, March 14, 1988, concerning a truck parked along the westbound side of Route 4, facing east, in North wood. Chief Jacobs drove to where the truck was located, and when he arrived he saw Mr. Homo and his wife changing a flat tire on a 1968 Mack stake body, two-axle vehicle. Inspector Virginia Kelly-Todd arrived on the scene shortly thereafter. There was evidence that the truck had sustained a blowout and flat tire on the previous Thursday night or Friday morning while Mr. Homo was on his way to Madbury Metals, which is in Madbury. The truck was on the north side of the road facing oncoming traffic, and in response to Chief Jacob’s request that Mr. Homo move his vehicle to a safer location, the defendant drove the truck across the road to a lot on the south side of Route 4.

Inspector Kelly-Todd thought the truck might be overweight, and after putting the truck on scales, she determined that the truck weighed 35,600 pounds. Because the truck did not have an increased weight certification sticker, see RSA 266:18-d (Supp. 1988), Inspector Kelly-Todd issued Mr. Homo a complaint and summons for exceeding the permissible weight of 33,400 pounds for two-axle vehicles. See RSA 266:18-a, II (Supp. 1988). After [516]*516inspecting the truck further, Chief Jacobs and Inspector Kelly-Todd noticed that the right rear tire was bald. Chief Jacobs then proceeded to issue a complaint and summons to Mr. Homo for driving a vehicle with an unsafe tire. See RSA 266:49, IV.

Prior to trial, Mr. Homo moved to dismiss both complaints on the ground that they failed to use the precise statutory language of the offenses with which he was charged and were, therefore, insufficient to state a claim. Finding that the complaints contained sufficient specificity to apprise the defendant of the offenses with which he was charged, the trial court denied this motion. Later, after the State presented its case, the defendant moved to dismiss the complaints on the ground that there was insufficient evidence of Mr. Homo’s voluntary operation of the vehicle, which is an element of both offenses. Based on the evidence that Mr. Homo was voluntarily driving the truck to Madbury Metals when his tire went flat, the trial court denied this motion as well.

The complaint for driving an overweight truck alleged that on March 14, 1988, Mr. Homo operated a Mack truck on a public way, to wit, Route 4 in Northwood. It stated that the truck was “overweight over road limit (gross) 33,400/35,600 contrary to RSA 266:18.” RSA 266:18 (Supp. 1988) prohibits driving a two-axle vehicle which has a gross weight over 33,400 pounds “on the interstate and defense highway system of this state ____” RSA 266:18, 11(a) (Supp. 1988). RSA 266:18-a (Supp. 1988) prohibits driving a two-axle vehicle with a gross weight over 33,400 pounds “on ways of this state, other than on the interstate and defense highway system —” RSA 266:18-a, 11(a) (Supp. 1988). During the hearing on the defendant’s pre-trial motion to dismiss, the district court ruled that Route 4 in Northwood was not a part of the interstate and defense highway system. It became clear during trial that the State was proceeding under RSA 266:18-a (Supp. 1988) and not under RSA 266:18 (Supp. 1988), as the complaint indicates, and the complaint was constructively amended at that time, to which the defendant did not object.

The complaint for driving a vehicle with a bald tire alleged that on March 14,1988, Mr. Homo operated a 1968 Mack truck on Route 4 in Northwood with a “bald tire (outside rear right) contrary to RSA 266:52.” RSA 266:52 had been repealed effective January 1, 1987, and the complaint was amended prior to trial to refer to RSA 266:49, IV.

After a trial on these two complaints, as amended, the trial judge found Mr. Homo guilty of committing both violations, and ordered him to pay fines of $110 for the overweight vehicle violation and [517]*517$55 for the bald tire violation. The defendant appealed both convictions to this court. Prior to the date set for oral argument, the State moved to dismiss Mr. Homo’s appeal of the conviction for driving an overweight vehicle. The basis for the State’s motion was that Mr. Homo erred in appealing the overweight conviction directly to the supreme court, and that this court was without jurisdiction to entertain the appeal. We declined at that time to rule on the State’s motion, and deferred ruling until after oral argument. For the reasons stated below, we now grant the State’s motion to dismiss the defendant’s appeal of the conviction for driving an overweight vehicle.

The defendant’s right to appellate review is governed by the statute in effect when the appeal was filed. See Gray v. Gray, 117 N.H. 826, 828, 379 A.2d 442, 444 (1977). Former RSA 599:1, which was in effect when Mr. Homo filed his appeal to this court, provided in pertinent part:

“A person sentenced by a district ... court ... for any offense which provides the basis for enhanced penalties if the offender is subsequently convicted of the same offense may, at the time the sentence is declared, appeal therefrom to the superior court.”

RSA 599:1; see RSA 502-A:12 (Supp. 1988) (person sentenced by district court for offense providing enhanced penalties for subsequent conviction of same offense may appeal to superior court). A direct appeal to this court, on the other hand, is authorized only when a person is “sentenced by a district ... court for a violation which does not provide a basis for enhanced penalties for subsequent convictions for the same offense____” RSA 599:1-c, II.

In Mr. Homo’s case, the statute providing the penalty for driving an overweight vehicle provides the basis for enhanced penalties for a subsequent conviction of the same offense. See RSA 266:25, II (Supp. 1988) (whoever shall drive a vehicle whose weight exceeds that permitted in RSA 266:18-a shall be fined $100 or more for first offense and $250 or more for second offense). Therefore, the defendant’s appeal should have been taken to the superior court, and not to this court.

The defendant argued in his objection to the State’s motion to dismiss the appeal in part that the State had failed to object to Mr. Homo’s statement at the end of the trial in Auburn District Court that he intended to appeal the overweight vehicle conviction to the supreme court, and that the State’s motion to dismiss was therefore untimely. Mr. Homo has cited no authority to support his [518]

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State v. Homo, 567 A.2d 540, 132 N.H. 514, 1989 N.H. LEXIS 150 (N.H. 1989).

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