State v. Hawk

743 A.2d 325, 327 N.J. Super. 276
CourtNew Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division
DecidedJanuary 12, 2000
StatusPublished
Cited by39 cases

This text of 743 A.2d 325 (State v. Hawk) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Hawk, 743 A.2d 325, 327 N.J. Super. 276 (N.J. Ct. App. 2000).

Opinion

743 A.2d 325 (2000)
327 N.J. Super. 276

STATE of New Jersey, Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
Douglas HAWK, Defendant-Appellant,

Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division.

Submitted December 15, 1999.
Decided January 12, 2000.

*326 Jonathan J. Garbini, for defendant-appellant.

John E. Bergh, Salem County Prosecutor, for plaintiff-respondent (Michelle R. Jeneby, Assistant Prosecutor, designated counsel and on the brief).

Before Judges KING and PAUL G. LEVY.

The opinion of the court was delivered by

PAUL G. LEVY, J.A.D.

Defendant and William Quenzel were indicted for possession of LSD, distribution of LSD and conspiracy to distribute LSD. Quenzel accepted a plea agreement, but defendant proceeded to trial, where he was convicted on all counts and sentenced to a *327 net term of fifteen years imprisonment with five years of parole ineligibility; appropriate statutory fines and penalties were assessed. On appeal, defendant contends:

POINT I THE PROSECUTOR'S MISCONDUCT DURING THE TRIAL BY VOUCHING FOR HER WITNESSES; COMMENTING PERSONALLY ON THE EVIDENCE; AND ARGUING PUBLIC POLICY TO THE JURY DURING CLOSING ARGUMENT AND BY STATING THE DEGREE OF THE CRIME ALLEGED TO HAVE BEEN COMMITTED DURING OPENING DENIED THE DEFENDANT A FAIR TRIAL IN VIOLATION OF THE UNITED STATES AND NEW JERSEY CONSTITUTIONS.

POINT II THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR BY PERMITTING AN ALLEGED STATEMENT OF THE DEFENDANT INTO EVIDENCE OVER THE OBJECTION OF DEFENSE COUNSEL PURSUANT TO A RULE 104(C) HEARING.

POINT III THE TRIAL COURT FAILED TO GIVE EITHER A STATE V. HAMPTON OR A STATE V. KOCIOLEK CHARGE TO THE JURY, NOTWITHSTANDING THE ADMISSION OF EVIDENCE OF A CUSTODIAL, UNRECORDED STATEMENT DEFENDANT ALLEGEDLY MADE TO THE POLICE.

POINT IV THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR BY FAILING TO PROVIDE THE JURY A CLAWANS CHARGE AT DEFENDANT'S REQUEST PURSUANT TO STATE V. CLAWANS, 38 N.J. 162, 183 A.2d 77 (1962), BASED ON STATE'S DECISION NOT TO CALL A CO-DEFENDANT WITH WHOM THE STATE PLEA BARGAINED TO TESTIFY AGAINST THE DEFENDANT, AND WHO HAD SUPERIOR KNOWLEDGE OF THE FACTS AS PRESENTED BY ANOTHER STATE'S WITNESS.

POINT V THE COURT ERRED IN ITS CHARGE TO THE JURY ON THE ELEMENTS OF POSSESSION OF A CONTROLLED AND DANGEROUS SUBSTANCE WITH INTENT TO DISTRIBUTE AND CONSPIRACY TO DISTRIBUTE A CONTROLLED AND DANGEROUS SUBSTANCE IN THAT THE COURT DID NOT INSTRUCT THE JURORS WITH RESPECT TO THEIR DUTY TO FIND THE WEIGHT OF THE SUSPECTED SUBSTANCES, REQUIRING REVERSAL.

We disagree with defendant on all but the first contention. We conclude that the prosecutor's comments, which breached the basic restraints against prosecutorial excess, were inappropriate and inflammatory that the trial judge's curative instructions could not undo the harm the comments caused. A new trial is required.

I.

The prosecutor made several inappropriate statements during opening and closing arguments, and the trial judge recognized these and attempted to remedy them by issuing corrective instructions. During opening argument, the prosecutor stated:

Now, when I think about this case what I think about is holding people accountable for their actions. Today the State is asking you to hold Douglas Hawk, the defendant, accountable for his actions.

This request, that the jury hold defendant accountable for his actions, was followed by the prosecutor's admonition that the jury was considering "a first degree case." Defendant objected and sought a mistrial, but the judge denied the motion and gave a curative instruction after the State's opening was completed. The judge told the jury:

Ladies and gentlemen, before I have [defense counsel] give you his opening, I want to instruct you, the Prosecutor *328 made reference to a degree. That is of no relevance to the jury as fact finders and should not be regarded or considered by you in any way. In fact, you will not hear me instruct you on anything like that. At the end of the case, as I've already indicated to you, you'll get my charge as to the elements of the offense, that is what the law is, for each of the offenses, and your job will be to apply the facts as you find them to be in this case to the elements of the law, that is the elements of the offenses that I will instruct you on, not based on the comments of the opening statement.

Thus, the judge recognized the errors made by the prosecutor and took immediate action by attempting to correct those errors and instruct the jury on their role and on what they could consider.

A prosecutor holds a unique position in the legal community in that her primary duty is not to obtain convictions, "but to see that justice is done." State v. Ramseur, 106 N.J. 123, 320, 524 A.2d 188 (1987). Consequently, while a prosecutor must advocate a position vigorously, there are boundaries to such conduct. Berger v. United States, 295 U.S. 78, 88, 55 S.Ct. 629, 633, 79 L.Ed 1314, 1321 (1935), overruled on other grounds, Stirone v. United States, 361 U.S. 212, 80 S.Ct. 270, 4 L.Ed.2d 252 (1960).

The [prosecuting] attorney is the representative not of an ordinary party to a controversy, but of a sovereignty whose obligation to govern impartially is as compelling as its obligation to govern at all; and whose interest, therefore, in a criminal prosecution is not that it shall win a case, but that justice shall be done. As such, he is in a peculiar and very definite sense a servant of the law, the twofold aim of which is that guilt shall not escape or innocence suffer. He may prosecute with earnestness and vigor—indeed, he should do so. But, while he may strike hard blows, he is not at liberty to strike foul ones. It is as much his duty to refrain from improper methods calculated to produce a wrongful conviction as it is to use every legitimate means to bring about a just one.

[Ibid.]

A finding of prosecutorial misconduct does not end a reviewing court's inquiry; in order to merit reversal, the misconduct must have deprived the defendant of a fair trial. In making this assessment, we examine any timely and proper objections made by defendant, whether the remarks were withdrawn and how the trial court dealt with any improper remarks, including issuance of any curative instructions. Ramseur, supra, 106 N.J. at 322-23, 524 A.2d 188.

At this early point of the trial, the judge gave an appropriate instruction to correct any misconceptions the jury might have had. This was proper, and the prosecutor's comments during her opening combined with the judge's instruction did not, on their own, deprive defendant of a fair trial. Id. at 323, 524 A.2d 188.

The prosecutorial role is greater than simple advocacy, it encompasses that of the protector of justice, and the improprieties found during the State's closing argument are very troubling. The prosecutor began:

May it please the Court, [defense counsel], Ladies and Gentlemen of the jury. I just want thank opposing counsel for his wonderful rendition of a story. I would just like to tell you that when I went home last night and thought about how I was going to present the defendant's guilt, I didn't have to think that hard. What presented the defendant's guilt was the evidence and the testimony from both my witnesses. And not only both my witnesses, but also defendant's witnesses.

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Bluebook (online)
743 A.2d 325, 327 N.J. Super. 276, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-hawk-njsuperctappdiv-2000.