State v. Depaz

165 Wash. 2d 842
CourtWashington Supreme Court
DecidedApril 2, 2009
DocketNo. 80574-1
StatusPublished
Cited by49 cases

This text of 165 Wash. 2d 842 (State v. Depaz) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Washington Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Depaz, 165 Wash. 2d 842 (Wash. 2009).

Opinions

Owens, J.

¶1 — Vasquez Depaz challenges his conviction for child rape on the grounds that the trial court abused its discretion when it dismissed a known holdout juror. Depaz urges this court to extend its decision in State v. Elmore, 155 Wn.2d 758, 123 P.3d 72 (2005), to limit the trial court’s discretion under RCW 2.36.110 in deciding whether to remove a holdout juror. We reject Depaz’s request to extend Elmore because the concerns present in a case involving juror nullification are not present in a case involving the removal of a juror for communicating with a third party. We also decline the State’s invitation to establish an automatic dismissal rule without a showing of prejudice under RCW 2.36.110. However, we hold that the trial court abused its discretion in deciding to excuse the holdout juror under RCW 2.36.110.

FACTS

¶2 The State charged Depaz with four counts of first degree rape of a child. The charges generally related to an alleged sexual relationship between Depaz and an 11-year-old girl.

¶3 After a trial, the court submitted the case to the jury for deliberation on Thursday, July 14, 2005. Just before lunch the following day, the presiding juror informed the court that the jury had reached deadlock on all four counts and that several jurors would not change their positions. The court instructed the jury to continue its deliberations.

¶4 After a lunch recess, the presiding juror sent another message to the court regarding potential misconduct by juror 3. Over objection by the defense, the court questioned the presiding juror, the juror who overheard the conversation (juror 14), and the juror who made the phone call (juror 3).

¶5 During questioning by the court, juror 14 explained that juror 3 said she needed to make a call because her [847]*847grandchild was having surgery that day. Juror 14 overheard juror 3 talk about the surgery and then “she said, well, we’re at lunch; the Judge says we have to keep deliberating; all the evidence is circumstantial; the badgering has started; and I will.” Verbatim Report of Proceedings (VRP) (July 15, 2005) at 16. Juror 14 reported this conversation to the other jurors and stated that juror 3 agreed in essence with juror 14’s account of the conversation.

¶6 Next, the court questioned juror 3, who explained the nature of the telephone call to her husband:

I asked him about a grandson who’s undergoing some very serious surgery today, how that was going, and then he - because I had indicated earlier in the day that I didn’t know whether we would be through today or not, I had also indicated to him earlier in the day that I thought I was in the minority in my opinion, and let it go at that, and so he asked me that question how things were going and did I — and would I argue persuasively to convince others of my view, and that’s kind of where it was.

Id. at 21-22. Juror 3’s response invoked the following exchange:

THE COURT: Okay. During the conversation, did you tell him that, in your opinion, the case rested on circumstantial evidence?
JUROR 3: I may have used that word. The other person thought I did so I may have used that word.
THE COURT: Why did you tell him about that?
JUROR 3: Because we were at a point where it was 11 to 1 and I was beginning to feel that I was being badgered by the others.
THE COURT: But what does that have to do with circumstantial evidence or not?
JUROR 3: Probably nothing.
THE COURT: Did you have any substantive discussion about the case at all? In other words, did he know what type of case it was?
JUROR 3: No.
[848]*848THE COURT: Did you tell him about being in the minority?
JUROR 3: I did that this morning. When I was leaving the house, he asked me, well, when are you going to be back. We’re both very worried about the grandson.

Id. at 22-23.

¶7 The State then further questioned juror 3 about the conversation:

MR. HUNG: . . . There’s been some testimony that in response to something that your husband said to you, you said, I will. Do you remember that part of the conversation at all?
JUROR 3: It was, well, let me know when you’re through, and I will. I believe that’s the way it ended.
MR. HUNG: Oh, I see. So, at any point, did your husband try and support you in maintaining your position as the minority or anything like that? Did he say anything or offer any advice?
JUROR 3: No. Nothing other than saying, well, if you feel strongly in that way, you know, in your view, if you feel strongly in that, stick to your guns.

Id. at 24.

¶8 Denying the State’s motion to discharge juror 3, the trial court concluded that juror 3 did not engage in the type of misconduct that would disqualify her from further serving on the jury and that the disclosure of her conversation did not taint the other jurors to require a mistrial. The court “conclude [d] that [her conversation] does not rise to the level of misconduct based on the information provided by the three jurors that we interviewed that would require disqualification of Juror 3 at this time based on the information that we have.” Id. at 30. The court instructed the jury to continue its deliberations.

¶9 Later that day, the jury sent another note to the court, indicating that “[n]one of us has changed our opinion since this morning (enough to get any closer to a verdict).” Clerk’s Papers at 42. The note went on to explain that several [849]*849jurors had medical and other commitments for the following week. After reading the note, the court called the jury out and asked the presiding juror if there was any reasonable probability of the jury reaching a unanimous verdict within a reasonable time. The presiding juror answered “No.” VRP (July 15, 2005) at 38.

¶10 Despite a recognition that “there’s nothing different now than there was an hour ago in terms of why I would excuse her,” the court reconsidered the State’s motion to excuse juror 3. Id. at 42. While the court expressed concern that juror 3 did not give an adequate explanation as to why she had commented to her husband about the circumstantial evidence of the case, it again determined that there was no clear showing of misconduct: “And it’s just that if the misconduct jumped out and I could say this is clear misconduct, and it has nothing to do with this being a hold-out juror, then I would do it.” Id. at 39. Furthermore, the court determined that even if juror 3’s statements about the case constituted misconduct, any such statement would not show that she had been prejudiced herself.

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Bluebook (online)
165 Wash. 2d 842, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-depaz-wash-2009.