State v. Denison

897 P.2d 437, 78 Wash. App. 566
CourtCourt of Appeals of Washington
DecidedJuly 13, 1995
Docket13435-1-III
StatusPublished
Cited by19 cases

This text of 897 P.2d 437 (State v. Denison) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Washington primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Denison, 897 P.2d 437, 78 Wash. App. 566 (Wash. Ct. App. 1995).

Opinions

Munson, J.

Lawrence A. Denison appeals his conviction on one count of first-degree theft, three counts of second-degree theft, and one count of third-degree theft. He contends (1) the evidence was insufficient to support the finding of guilt, (2) the convictions should be reversed and dismissed because the required findings of fact and conclusions of law were never entered, (3) the trial court erred in refusing to dismiss the case for speedy trial violations, and (4) he received ineffective assistance of counsel at trial. Because we cannot review all of Mr. Denison’s contentions without findings of fact, we vacate the judgment and sentence, remand for entry of findings of fact and conclusions of law and judgment based thereon.

In late winter of 1989, Mr. Denison moved to Adams County and went to work for Martin and Ronald Gering [569]*569on their farms. Mr. Denison represented himself to the Gerings as a rich man who had come to Adams County on a bet that he could live as a "commoner”. Mr. Denison told people he owned airplanes, yachts, pallet mills, and photo stores. He always seemed to have a lot of cash to "flash” around. One of the terms of Mr. Denison’s employment with the Gerings was that he be paid in goods or services, not money. He was provided with a house, appliances, and a vehicle; his food and utility bills were paid for him. He was also paid with household furnishings, electronic equipment, and a hot tub.

Mr. Denison was quite skilled and began to advise the Gerings as to operations of the farms. In June 1990, Mr. Denison aided Ron Gering in forming Cascade Irrigation, a sole proprietorship, to sell irrigation circles. Mr. Deni-son was to be a "silent partner” in the venture in that he did not invest in the business, but was to maintain the books and provide management skills. In October 1990, they began procedures to incorporate the business, but never completed the process. In December, Robert Schuh became an investor. At that time, Ron Gering, Mr. Schuh, and Mr. Denison each agreed to invest $10,000 in the company. They also agreed that no money was to be used for personal expenses nor were wages or profits to be taken out of the company. Ron Gering later learned Mr. Denison was using the company checking account to pay for some personal expenses but did not object because Mr. Denison assured him he had invested between $60,000 and $100,000 in the company. Mr. Denison rebuffed attempts by Ron Gering and Mr. Schuh to see the books.

On July 31, 1991, when sheriffs deputies attempted to serve him with two unrelated arrest warrants, Mr. Deni-son fled to Oregon. It is unclear from the record if Mr. Denison actually invested any money in Cascade, but Ron Gering and Mr. Schuh determined there was only about $5,000 remaining in the bank account after Mr. Denison’s flight. They discovered Mr. Denison had written several checks to purchase personal items or pay for personal ex[570]*570penses. Included among those checks were one for a Polaris four-wheel all terrain vehicle, as well as payment of hospital and medical bills for the birth of his two children. Also, Mr. Denison had written a check on the company account for $250 cash the day he fled Adams County.

Mr. Denison was charged with two counts of first-degree theft and ten counts of second-degree theft. He waived his right to a jury trial and was tried to the court. At the conclusion of the trial, the court found Mr. Denison not guilty on one count of first-degree theft and six counts of second-degree theft. He was found guilty of one count of first-degree theft and three counts of second-degree theft, all felonies, and one count of third-degree theft, a gross misdemeanor. RCW 9A.56.030(2), .040(2), .050(2). Mr. Deni-son was sentenced to a term of 18 months in a state institution for the felonies with a consecutive sentence of 12 months in the county jail for the gross misdemeanor.1

We first discuss Mr. Denison’s contentions relating to the sufficiency of the evidence and the failure to enter findings of fact. He first contends the evidence is insufficient to support the trial court’s finding of guilt. The standard of review on a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence is whether, after viewing the evidence most favorably to the State, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crimes charged beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Green, 94 Wn.2d 216, 221-22, 616 P.2d 628 (1980). In criminal cases tried to the court without a jury, the court is required to enter written findings of fact and conclusions of law. CrR 6.1(d). Those findings should address the elements of the crimes separately and indicate the factual basis for each. State v. Russell, 68 Wn.2d 748, 415 P.2d 503 (1966). In the absence of the required findings, this court cannot review an assignment of error which requires consideration of whether there was sufficient evidence to support such findings. Russell, [571]*57168 Wn.2d at 751. Here, the record on appeal does not contain either findings of fact or conclusions of law, and the State concedes none have been filed. Consequently, we cannot determine whether the evidence was sufficient to support Mr. Denison’s conviction.

Mr. Denison next contends the proper remedy for failure to file findings of fact and conclusions of law is reversal of his conviction and dismissal of the charges. At the conclusion of the trial, the court gave its oral opinion and immediately sentenced Mr. Denison. The court informed Mr. Denison that the "prosecutor will prepare the findings of fact, conclusions of law upon which this judgment is based”, and that his attorney would have a chance to review them before they were entered by the court. The deputy prosecuting attorney who had tried the case acknowledged the State would prepare the findings of fact and conclusions of law. In its brief, the State indicates the findings were prepared, but not submitted to the trial court for over six months after judgment was entered. The State maintains this was solely due to the neglect of the former prosecuting attorney. When the findings were finally presented to the trial court, the court refused to enter them because Mr. Denison had already initiated his appeal. Thus, the appeal comes before us with assignments of error but without findings of fact or conclusions of law.

It appears this procedural quagmire arose because the deputy prosecutor at trial was relatively new and the prosecuting attorney wanted to review the findings of fact and conclusion of law. We do not know why they laid on the prosecuting attorney’s desk for six months, but the deputy prosecuting attorney stated at oral argument that she was concerned about the continuation of her employment if she were to retrieve them without her employer’s approval. The morning after he left office, she retrieved them and they were ultimately presented to the trial judge, who refused to sign them.

The proper procedure, should such an occasion arise again, would be for the deputy prosecutor to seek in this [572]*572court an order requiring the trial judge to enter findings of fact and conclusions of law.2

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Adnan Khaki, V. Jennifer Reedal
Court of Appeals of Washington, 2025
Amorea Rocha, V. Hamal Strand
Court of Appeals of Washington, 2022
State Of Washington, V. Vic Gardenhire
Court of Appeals of Washington, 2021
State Of Washington v. Terysa Ann Brake
476 P.3d 1094 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 2020)
State Of Washington v. Andre Jean Ash
Court of Appeals of Washington, 2018
State Of Washington v. Larry Roberts
Court of Appeals of Washington, 2013
State v. Otis
213 P.3d 613 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 2009)
Brown v. State
753 A.2d 84 (Court of Appeals of Maryland, 2000)
State v. Pray
980 P.2d 240 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 1999)
State v. Rivera
977 P.2d 1247 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 1999)
State v. Head
964 P.2d 1187 (Washington Supreme Court, 1998)
State v. Naranjo
921 P.2d 588 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 1996)
State v. Gregory
910 P.2d 505 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 1996)
State v. Denison
897 P.2d 437 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 1995)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
897 P.2d 437, 78 Wash. App. 566, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-denison-washctapp-1995.