State v. Creech (Slip Opinion)

2016 Ohio 8440, 150 Ohio St. 3d 540
CourtOhio Supreme Court
DecidedDecember 29, 2016
Docket2014-1844
StatusPublished
Cited by59 cases

This text of 2016 Ohio 8440 (State v. Creech (Slip Opinion)) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Ohio Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Creech (Slip Opinion), 2016 Ohio 8440, 150 Ohio St. 3d 540 (Ohio 2016).

Opinions

Pfeifer, J.

{¶ 1} Defendant-appellee, Stedmund Creech, was charged with three counts of violating R.C. 2923.13; under that statute, persons previously convicted of, or under indictment for, certain felonies are prohibited from possessing firearms. Creech sought to limit how much the jury could learn about the underlying offenses upon which the weapons charges were based. We consider whether the trial court abused its discretion by not allowing Creech to stipulate to his prior convictions and indictment and by admitting the full record of his prior offenses. We adopt the reasoning of the United States Supreme Court in Old Chief v. United States, 519 U.S. 172, 117 S.Ct. 644, 136 L.Ed.2d 574 (1997), and hold that the trial court did abuse its discretion in this case.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

{¶ 2} On July 2, 2012, Creech was a passenger in a vehicle driven by Trystn Hampton. Creech rode in the back seat with Rolland “Buster” Owens and another man, who went by the name “J.” The car was being followed by a vehicle driven by Antonio Johnson. Hampton stopped her vehicle in a residential neighborhood in Steubenville, and Creech and the other back-seat passengers exited. At that point, Johnson left his car and fired 17 rounds from an assault rifle at Creech and the other men.

{¶ 3} Owens pulled out his own gun, a .45-caliber, and took cover. A witness, Stephanie Luke, a relative of Owens and an acquaintance of Creech, testified that [541]*541Creech also produced a weapon, a small, black gun; she was unsure whether he fired it, but she saw Creech and another armed man, presumably “J,” walking toward the area from which Johnson had been firing. Owens, however, testified that Creech did not have a gun. When police found Johnson’s vehicle, they observed a bullet hole in the windshield and recovered a .38-caliber bullet from inside the car.

{¶ 4} Creech fled after the incident. He was not apprehended until 11 months later.

{¶ 5} Creech was indicted on five counts. Two of the counts—improperly handling a firearm in a motor vehicle in violation of R.C. 2923.16(B) and carrying a concealed weapon in violation of R.C. 2923.12(A)(2) and (F)(1)—were dismissed upon the trial court’s granting of Creech’s Crim.R. 29 motion for acquittal at the close of the state’s evidence.

{¶ 6} The other three counts are the focus of this case. Creech was indicted on three separate counts of having a weapon while under disability under R.C. 2923.13, which makes it illegal for a person to “knowingly acquire, have, carry, or use any firearm” under certain circumstances, including when the person is under indictment for or has been convicted of particular types of crimes.

{¶ 7} The first count alleged a violation of R.C. 2923.13(A)(3), which stemmed from the fact that at the time of the shooting incident, Creech was under a pending indictment for aggravated drug trafficking in the vicinity of a school; a grand jury had indicted Creech for the trafficking offense on June 6, 2012. The second count, alleging a violation of R.C. 2923.13(A)(2), was based on Creech’s previous conviction of a crime of violence, felonious assault with a dangerous weapon, in 2009. The third count, alleging another violation of R.C. 2923.13(A)(3), was based on Creech’s felony conviction for possession of crack cocaine in 2009.

{¶ 8} Thus, the state brought three separate charges—based on three disabilities—against Creech related to one incident of possessing a firearm. Creech attempted to prevent the admission of evidence regarding the prior convictions and indictment. On the morning of trial, Creech offered to stipulate to any one of the three disabilities under which he had been charged. Creech’s counsel pointed out that the only reason that the state could present evidence of the prior convictions and indictment would be to prove the disabilities:

Obviously if he’s convicted of all three of those offenses, they will merge for purposes of sentencing at that time, so I am willing to stipulate to a disability in any one of those counts and would ask that the State of Ohio be precluded from presenting evidence with regard to the other two, since [542]*542we are dealing with only one weapon and one event, rather than presenting multiple evidence of previous convictions that the State otherwise wouldn’t be able to present. * * * [SJince we are willing to stipulate to a disabling act, whichever one the State wants to choose, I think they are required to, you know, to elect and permit us to stipulate to that particular fact in evidence.

{¶ 9} The court refused to allow the proposed stipulation, stating, “I don’t believe the State is required to elect at this point in time or to even accept a stipulation, and therefore, I’m going to go forward with the indictment with all the charges that were presented.”

{¶ 10} Creech’s three disabilities were specifically addressed in the state’s opening statement, in trial testimony, in exhibits submitted to the jury, and in the state’s closing argument. In. its opening statement, the state told the jury that Creech had been under indictment for aggravated drug trafficking near a school at the time of the shooting incident and that he had been convicted in 2009 of felonious assault with a deadly weapon and of possession of crack cocaine. During the trial, a detective testified that Creech was a convicted felon, testified about his 2009 convictions and his 2012 indictment, and verified two exhibits— state’s exhibits 5 and 6—documenting those convictions and that indictment. Exhibit 6 was a certified copy of the June 6, 2012 indictment of Creech for two counts of trafficking in cocaine, one count alleging that he did so within 1,000 feet of Steubenville High School. Exhibit 5 was a copy of the judgment entry of sentence for the 2009 convictions for possession of crack cocaine and felonious assault. The “Findings” portion of the judgment entry stated that the felonious-assault count resulted from the fact that Creech “shot at, but missed [the victim].” Creech’s two-year prison sentence for the 2009 convictions also appeared in the entry.

{¶ 11} In closing argument, the prosecution stated,

[Defense counsel] and I would probably not agree on much, but we will agree that the only question for you is did Stedmund have a gun? There is no disagreement that he is a convicted felon. You will have back there in the jury room the documents that show you in 2009, he was convicted of felony possession of crack cocaine. It will show you in 2009, he was convicted of felonious assault, a felonious assault that he committed with a firearm, and that at the time he committed this offense, at the time that he had this weapon, he was already under indictment the month before for selling drugs near a school in the County. You will have all of those documents back there with you, and you can look at those, and I encourage [543]*543you to do so; but use your common sense when you get back there, please, and think about what makes sense.

{¶ 12} The court in its jury instructions gave a curative instruction about the permissible use of the evidence of Creech’s prior convictions and indictment:

Evidence was received about the commission of the crimes, wrongs, or acts, other than the offenses with which the defendant is charged in this trial. That evidence was received only for a limited purpose.

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Bluebook (online)
2016 Ohio 8440, 150 Ohio St. 3d 540, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-creech-slip-opinion-ohio-2016.