State v. Candelario

2008 NMCA 119, 192 P.3d 789, 144 N.M. 794
CourtNew Mexico Court of Appeals
DecidedJuly 28, 2008
Docket27,299
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 2008 NMCA 119 (State v. Candelario) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Mexico Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Candelario, 2008 NMCA 119, 192 P.3d 789, 144 N.M. 794 (N.M. Ct. App. 2008).

Opinion

OPINION

ALARID, Judge.

{1} In State v. Rackley, 2000-NMCA-027, 128 N.M. 761, 998 P.2d 1212, this Court held that the defendant’s trial commenced for purposes of the district court six-month rule when the jury was selected. The present case raises the question of when a trial commences for purposes of the metropolitan court’s counterpart to the six-month rule (the 182-day rule) when a defendant is tried by a judge rather than a jury. Applying the principles enunciated in Rackley and related six-month rule cases, we conclude that the 182-day rule was satisfied in this ease, notwithstanding the fact that the opening statements and testimony were delayed because the judge agreed to consider a motion raised by Defendant. Accordingly, we affirm Defendant’s conviction.

BACKGROUND

{2} Defendant was charged in metropolitan court on April 14, 2005, with aggravated driving-while-intoxicated (DWI) and running a stop sign. Pursuant to Rule 7-506 NMRA, the 182-day rule was triggered on April 28, 2005, when Defendant was arraigned. On June 9, 2005, the parties appeared for trial, and defense counsel was granted a continuance because he had not spoken with Defendant. Even though they were far from the expiration of the 182-day rule, the State requested an extension of the rule so that it would be “covered” in the event that the deadline was missed. Defense counsel agreed, and the metropolitan court reset the case for trial.

{3} On July 20, 2005, the parties again appeared for trial, with the court granting a defense request for a continuance and agreeing to the State’s request for an extension of the 182-day rule. The case came up for trial again on August 5, 2005, but the State was not ready to proceed because the arresting officer was not available to testify. After two additional delays, trial was set for November 17, 2005. On that date, the State appeared with its witness, the arresting officer, and indicated that it was ready to proceed to trial. Defense counsel indicated that he, too, was ready for trial. However, he asked the court if it could delay calling the jury for trial so that the court could consider a motion challenging the validity of the stop. The judge informed defense counsel that Defendant was not entitled to a jury trial. Defense counsel responded by telling the court that, “instead of setting it for trial, judge, if you just want to have the motion — but since it is a judge trial I guess we could just do it.” The court indicated that it would address the suppression motion first, and held a hearing in which a defense witness and the arresting officer then testified about the circumstances of the stop. The court then heard testimony on the motion and took it under advisement after requesting briefing, with no formal commencement of trial on that date.

{4} The case came back for trial on February 15, 2006. Defense counsel then argued that they might be over the 182-day limit, unless the November hearing could be considered part of the trial. The State noted that, with the extensions that had been granted, the 182-day rule would have expired about a month prior to the February setting. The metropolitan court judge reviewed the record of the November hearing, noting that it had focused on the pre-trial motion. Nevertheless, after some discussion of whether double jeopardy had attached at the November hearing, the court referred the parties to the fact that the motion to dismiss had been denied on January 27, 2006. In effect, the court declined to change the ruling denying dismissal, and Defendant was found guilty after a bench trial. The district court affirmed the metropolitan court, and this appeal followed.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

{5} The district court sat in its appellate capacity and reviewed the case in a manner that we repeat herein. See State v. Trujillo, 1999-NMCA-003, ¶ 4, 126 N.M. 603, 973 P.2d 855 (“For on-record appeals the district court acts as a typical appellate court, with the district judge simply reviewing the record of the metropolitan court trial for legal error.”). We review de novo the issue of whether the metropolitan court properly applied the 182-day rule. See State v. Carreon, 2006-NMCA-145, ¶ 5, 140 N.M. 779, 149 P.3d 95, cert. quashed, 142 N.M. 436, 166 P.3d 1090.

DISCUSSION

{6} In metropolitan court, a “trial of a criminal citation or complaint shall be commenced within one hundred eighty-two (182) days [of a triggering event].” Rule 7-506(B). The rule is nearly identical to its district court counterpart, which refers to six months instead of 182 days. See Rule 5-604(B) NMRA. The purpose of these rules is to “assure the prompt trial and disposition of criminal cases.” State v. Guzman, 2004-NMCA-097, ¶ 9, 136 N.M. 253, 96 P.3d 1173 (quoting State v. Flores, 99 N.M. 44, 46, 653 P.2d 875, 877 (1982)). Our application of the rules is distinguishable from constitutional speedy trial analysis. See State v. Eskridge, 1997-NMCA-106, ¶ 2, 124 N.M. 227, 947 P.2d 502.

{7} The time limits for bringing a defendant to trial under these rules are not jurisdictional, but mandatory, “upon a defendant’s appropriate invocation of the right to a timely trial.” State v. Dominguez, 2007-NMCA-132, ¶ 6, 142 N.M. 631, 168 P.3d 761. Despite the mandatory language in the rule, we avoid technical dismissals where the equities and a common sense approach advise against a dismissal. See id.; see also State v. Lobato, 2006-NMCA-051, ¶¶ 28-30, 139 N.M. 431, 134 P.3d 122 (balancing the literal meaning of the rule and the policy against technical dismissals where common sense and equity prevail over the technical application of the rule). The Lobato Court held that common sense will prevail over a technical violation of the time limits where “(1) the delay inures to the benefit of the defendant or (2) the defendant acquiesces in the delay or fails to raise the issue of the six-month rule in a timely manner.” Id. ¶ 28.

{8} Defendant’s arguments on appeal appears to us to rely on a technical reading of the rule, akin to the type of interpretation that we rejected in Rackley. In Rackley, the defendant claimed that the six-month rule had been violated because the jury had not been sworn in by the expiration date, although the petit jury had been selected by that date. 2000-NMCA-027, ¶ 2, 128 N.M. 761, 998 P.2d 1212. The defendant advocated that we apply the same test used for double jeopardy analysis — that the triggering moment is when the jury is sworn. Id.; see generally State v. Saavedra, 108 N.M. 38, 41, 766 P.2d 298, 301 (1988) (noting that double jeopardy attaches when the jury is sworn). Applying a common-sense approach, this Court rejected the double jeopardy template after noting that Rule 5-607 NMRA, “Order of trial,” identifies the selection of the jury as the first stage of trial. Rackley, 2000-NMCA-027, ¶ 4, 128 N.M. 761, 998 P.2d 1212 (internal quotation marks omitted). The Rackley opinion is therefore critical here, because the adoption of a technical double jeopardy analysis would have required dismissal because the metropolitan court did not hear the State’s evidence at the November hearing. See State v. Angel, 2002-NMSC-025, ¶ 8, 132 N.M.

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Bluebook (online)
2008 NMCA 119, 192 P.3d 789, 144 N.M. 794, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-candelario-nmctapp-2008.