State v. Bideaux

365 N.W.2d 830, 219 Neb. 718, 1985 Neb. LEXIS 974
CourtNebraska Supreme Court
DecidedApril 12, 1985
Docket84-172
StatusPublished
Cited by14 cases

This text of 365 N.W.2d 830 (State v. Bideaux) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Nebraska Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Bideaux, 365 N.W.2d 830, 219 Neb. 718, 1985 Neb. LEXIS 974 (Neb. 1985).

Opinions

Hastings, J.

Following a jury trial, the defendant was convicted of the felony offense of arson and was sentenced to a term of imprisonment for 18 months. He has appealed to this court and details the following assignments of error: (1) The court erred in overruling defendant’s foundational objection to an opinion given by the Schuyler fire chief as to the cause of the fire; (2) The court erred in overruling defendant’s motions for mistrial; and (3) The court erred in overruling defendant’s motion for a new trial based on newly discovered evidence. We affirm.

At approximately 11:49 p.m. on January 25,1983, a fire was reported at Johnnies Steakhouse located in Schuyler and owned by the defendant. The fire ultimately destroyed the building and its contents. The defendant filed a claim with his insurance company and sometime later was charged with arson in connection with that fire.

The evidence adduced by the State tended to show that the fire was deliberately set, that it started shortly after the defendant himself had closed the restaurant for the evening, and that the steakhouse was not doing well financially. An examination of the record discloses that the evidence, if properly admitted and believed by the jury, was sufficient to support the conviction, and appellant makes no argument to the contrary.

Richard Kracl testified that at the time in question he had been chief of the Schuyler Volunteer Fire Department for 7 years and a member of the department for 16 years. He was the first member of the department to arrive at the fire. He had responded to the 11:49 p.m. alarm, and was followed by the [720]*720first assistant chief and the first fire engine, which appeared on the scene at 11:58 p.m. He described in some detail how he determined that no one was inside the building; made a visual inspection of the building by walking all around it; determined that there had been no forced entry of the building; noticed a large concentration of smoke coming from the furnace room; and opened the front door, located in the middle of the south end of the building, and found a large buildup of smoke and heat in that area.

Kracl’s testimony, which is the subject of the first assignment of error, was as follows:

Q. Chief, based upon your years in the Schuyler Volunteer Fire Department, both as a fire fighter and as a chief, based on your observations at the scene of Johnnie’s Steak House, based on your observations when you had gone by earlier that evening and based particularly on your observations at the south doorway when you opened it, based on your observations when the windows were knocked out, did you form an opinion at the time you were fighting this fire with respect to its cause or origin? That calls for a yes or no answer.
A. Yes, I did.
Q. What was that opinion, sir?
MR. NAYLOR: I would object. Lack of foundation.
THE COURT: Fm going to overrule. He can answer the question.
THE WITNESS: I suspected arson at that particular time.

The defendant does not argue a lack of foundation, i.e., absence of underlying factors from which the conclusion could be made, but, rather, that the witness did not possess the necessary qualifications to qualify as an expert witness. There is no question but that this is a proper subject of expert testimony.

In the first place we do not believe a general objection on foundation reaches the qualifications of the witness. In State v. Johnson, 96 Idaho 727, 536 P.2d 295 (1975), the witness testified that he was the fire chief, had been with the department for 15 years, and had observed the fire. Over an objection that improper foundation had been laid, he was [721]*721permitted to give his opinion that gasoline was involved in the fire. In affirming the trial court the Supreme Court of Idaho stated:

The admission of opinion testimony of an “expert” is largely discretionary with the trial court and the determination of its weight is largely a matter for the jury. [Citation omitted.] No issue was presented by appellant as to the qualifications of these witnesses, his objection being simply to the effect that the opinion was without foundation. Under these circumstances we find no error.

Id. at 732, 536 P.2d at 300. The reasoning supporting this conclusion is very sound; both the court and opposing counsel are entitled to know that the objection goes to the qualifications of the witness as an expert rather than to the factual foundation for the opinion.

Even assuming error, there was no prejudice. The witness Kracl went on to testify:

Q. As the Fire Chief is it your responsibility to determine whether or not the Fire Marshal will be called to make an investigation?
A. It is whoever is in charge.
. . . .
Q. I take it that you don’t call the Fire Marshal regularly for all fires?
A. No, I don’t.
Q. What basis do you use in determining whether or not the Fire Marshal ought to be called?
A. I call the Fire Marshal when I cannot come up with a probable cause and when I suspect arson.
Q. In this case you did call him?
A. I did.

Earlier in the trial, Paul Lambrecht, a deputy state fire marshal, gave the following testimony without objection:

Q. What is the Fire Marshal’s responsibility in the State of Nebraska with respect to fire investigations?
A. We assist Fire Chiefs in determining the causes of the fires.
. . . .
Q. Anytime there is a fire is the Fire Marshal’s Office [722]*722called?
A. Only when the Fire Chief himself cannot find the cause or feels the fire is of suspicious origin.
. . . .
Q. What did you do?
A. Met with Deputy McDonald [of the fire marshal’s office] at Johnnie’s Steak House.
. . . .
A. He informed me of what time he was called and the information that he had and the people they have interviewed and talked to.

The only inference that can be drawn from the testimony of that witness was that the fire chief suspected arson. That is all to which Chief Kracl testified, and it was cumulative of the testimony of the other witnesses.

The second assignment of error deals with two motions for mistrial made by the defendant. The first involved a statement by the trial judge, which it is claimed misstated the record.

During closing argument, defense counsel stated: “Then we move on to the kitchen. At long last they [State’s witnesses] finally admit to us that those burns in that kitchen area could be caused by spilled grease. That was like pulling teeth, but they finally admitted it.” The prosecutor interposed the following: “I object to the extent he misstates the evidence on all of the kitchen area.

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State v. Bideaux
365 N.W.2d 830 (Nebraska Supreme Court, 1985)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
365 N.W.2d 830, 219 Neb. 718, 1985 Neb. LEXIS 974, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-bideaux-neb-1985.