State Ex Rel. Witcher v. Bilbrey

878 S.W.2d 567, 1994 Tenn. App. LEXIS 103
CourtCourt of Appeals of Tennessee
DecidedMarch 2, 1994
StatusPublished
Cited by33 cases

This text of 878 S.W.2d 567 (State Ex Rel. Witcher v. Bilbrey) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Tennessee primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State Ex Rel. Witcher v. Bilbrey, 878 S.W.2d 567, 1994 Tenn. App. LEXIS 103 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinion

OPINION

KOCH, Judge.

This appeal concerns Macon County’s obligation to appropriate county funds to compensate a special judge appointed by the Governor to preside over the Macon County General Sessions Court during the incumbent judge’s disability. The special judge filed a mandamus action in the Circuit Court for Macon County against the county board of commissioners and the county executive seeking payment for his services. The trial court, sitting without a jury, directed the county board of commissioners to appropriate funds for the special judge’s salary and also directed the county executive to pay the special judge’s salary from these funds. A majority of the county commissioners have appealed to this court, 1 asserting that the statute authorizing the Governor to appoint temporary general sessions court judges is unconstitutional and that the special judge was not entitled to a writ of mandamus. We have determined that the statute is constitutional and that the special judge was entitled to a writ of mandamus under the facts of this case. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment.

I.

The General Assembly created the Macon County General Sessions Court by private act in 1951 2 — eight years before enacting legislation creating a state-wide system of general sessions courts. 3 The private act provided that the general sessions court judge would serve an eight-year term and that the judge’s salary would be paid from the county’s general funds. 4 The General Assembly, in accordance with the custom at the time, also appointed the first judge of the Macon County General Sessions Court to a term that expired on September 1, 1952. 5

James E. Chitwood was elected judge of the Macon County General Sessions Court in 1990. He became ill in early 1992 and some time later certified to Governor Ned McWherter that he was temporarily unable to perform his duties. On May 29, 1992, *570 Governor McWherter, acting in accordance with Tenn.Code Ann. § 17-2-116 (Supp. 1993), 6 appointed Ken Witcher, Jr., Macon County’s juvenile referee, to serve as special general sessions court judge while Judge Chitwood remained disabled. Judge Witcher took the oath of office on May 30, 1992.

Judge Chitwood remained entitled to his regular salary even though he was unable to perform his duties. Accordingly, Judge Witcher’s appointment as special judge placed an unanticipated financial burden on Macon County because the board of commissioners had budgeted for only one general sessions judge’s salary. Following a discussion of the problem at the board’s June 2, 1992 meeting, the county executive requested that the board amend the county’s budget to provide sufficient funds to pay Judge Witch-er’s salary in addition to Judge Chitwood’s.

The issue of Judge Witcher’s salary split the board when it met on June 15,1992. The commissioners initially voted to defer taking action on the budget amendment proposed by the county executive that would have provided funds to pay Judge Witcher. Later in the meeting, by a tie vote, the commissioners failed to adopt a motion to reconsider their original action.

Judge Witcher filed a complaint for a writ of mandamus on June 25, 1992, requesting that the court order the appropriate county officials to pay him the state-mandated general sessions court judge’s salary. Twelve of the twenty county commissioners retained counsel and appeared at the hearing on June 25, 1992 to oppose Judge Witcher’s complaint.' 7 The trial court continued the hearing after determining that Judge Witcher was not entitled to receive his first paycheck until June 30, 1992.

When the hearing reconvened on August 7, 1992, the parties informed the trial court not only that Judge Witcher had still not been paid but also that the board had neither amended the old budget nor enacted a new budget to provide for funds to pay both Judge Chitwood and Judge Witcher. The trial court entered an order on August 21, 1992, directing the board to appropriate funds to pay Judge Witcher’s salary while he served as a special general sessions court judge and directing the county executive to issue “timely and proper warrants” to pay Judge Witcher’s salary.

II.

We turn our attention at the outset to the appealing commissioners’ assertion that Judge Witcher cannot use a mandamus proceeding to require Macon County to compensate him for his services as a special general sessions judge. The commissioners argue that the mandamus remedy was improper (1) because writs of mandamus cannot be used to collect disputed debts, (2) because Judge Witcher was not entitled to be paid when he first filed his petition, and (3) because Judge Witcher has not exhausted his other legal remedies against the county. We find no merit in these technical arguments.

Writs of mandamus are, to be sure, extraordinary remedies. Peerless Constr. Co. v. Bass, 158 Tenn. 518, 522, 14 S.W.2d 732, 733 (1929). While they cannot be used to control official judgment or discretion, Hackett v. Smith County, 807 S.W.2d 695, 698 (Tenn.Ct.App.1990), they may be used to compel public officials to perform their non-discretionary duties. State ex rel. Ledbetter v. Duncan, 702 S.W.2d 163, 165 (Tenn.1985); Waters v. State ex rel. Schmutzer, 583 S.W.2d 756, 763 (Tenn.1979); Bradley v. State ex rel. Haggard, 222 Tenn. 535, 540, 438 S.W.2d 738, 740 (1969). Thus, a writ of mandamus is a proper remedy to enforce clear, specific legal rights when the person seeking the writ has no other specific or *571 adequate remedy. State ex rel. Weaver v. Ayers, 756 S.W.2d 217, 221 (Tenn.1988).

At one time the courts required persons seeking mandamus relief to establish their rights in a separate proceeding before filing their mandamus petition. Peerless Constr. Co. v. Bass, 158 Tenn. at 525, 14 S.W.2d at 734. The Tennessee Supreme Court has how relaxed this technical requirement by permitting courts to determine the existence of a duty in the mandamus proceeding itself, State ex rel. Ledbetter v. Duncan, 702 S.W.2d at 165; State ex rel. SCA Chemical Waste Servs., Inc. v. Konigsberg, 636 S.W.2d 430, 434 (Tenn.1982), and to consider the constitutionality of statutes or ordinances from which a duty is said to derive.

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Bluebook (online)
878 S.W.2d 567, 1994 Tenn. App. LEXIS 103, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-ex-rel-witcher-v-bilbrey-tennctapp-1994.