State Ex Rel. La Follette v. Moser

Wisconsin Supreme Court

State Ex Rel. La Follette v. Moser

139 N.W.2d 632, 30 Wis. 2d 56, 1966 Wisc. LEXIS 1027

CourtWisconsin Supreme Court

DecidedFebruary 1, 1966

StatusPublished

Cited by14 cases

This text of 139 N.W.2d 632 (State Ex Rel. La Follette v. Moser) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Wisconsin Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook

State Ex Rel. La Follette v. Moser, 139 N.W.2d 632, 30 Wis. 2d 56, 1966 Wisc. LEXIS 1027 (Wis. 1966).

Pincite

Opinions

Wilkie, J.

This original action concerns the effect of White on paternity actions which have not been finalized but which have proceeded at least to the point of appearance before the trial court² after a bindover following a preliminary examination.³ The precise issue [59]*59is whether the county court erred in granting an alleged father’s motion to dismiss the proceedings against him for the reason that the arrest warrant was constitutionally defective under White when the motion was made for the first time only after the defendant had been arraigned and entered a plea of not guilty before one branch of the county court which then held a preliminary and bound the defendant over to another branch of the county court for trial, and after he had appeared in such court and his trial therein had proceeded to the point that the state’s case had already been completed.

The issue in this case is substantially the same as that in State ex rel. La Follette v. Raskin, ante, p. 39, 139 N. W. (2d) 667, and the holdings therein are controlling here except as differentiated or modified by this opinion.

A paternity action is considered to be a civil special proceeding.⁴ By failing to object ⁵ at his initial appearance, without appearing specially as in White, to the jurisdiction of the trial court over his person, Shields has waived any objection he has in this regard under [60]*60sec. 262.16 (1) ⁶ and (6),⁷ Stats. This has been the law in Wisconsin since long before the enactment of ch. 262. In Damp v. Town of Dane ⁸ it was recognized that:

“A party may do or omit to do many acts which will operate to give the tribunal jurisdiction of his person. If he appears before the tribunal wherein the action or proceeding is pending, and submits his case to its judgment, or if he fails, at the earliest opportunity, or within reasonable time, to make the objection that such tribunal has not acquired jurisdiction of his person, he thereby waives such objection, and will not afterwards be heard to make it.” ⁹

Arguing that a paternity action is a hybrid proceeding, particularly in that the arrested person must appear immediately before the court without the benefit of counsel, defendant takes the position that the rules of civil procedure should not be applied in this case. However, since the legislature specifically provided that paternity actions shall be “commenced and conducted . . . according to the provisions of these statutes with respect to civil actions and civil proceedings in courts of record” ¹⁰ and since there are no statutory rules which would govern such a “hybrid” case, the procedures in ch. 262, Stats., should control in the absence of any contrary provisions in sec. 52.45.

[61]*61In White, objection to the invalidity of the arrest was not made at the very first appearance of the defendant in court in response to his arrest. At this appearance he was assigned counsel and then at his first appearance counsel appeared specially and made the motion that later was upheld by the court in White. The state concedes that such a motion as then made was timely.

A motion to dismiss on the basis that the arrest was invalid (on the grounds of White) to be timely must be made when the defendant appears in court and before he is arraigned and enters a plea. It makes no difference that his arraignment in a paternity action is before the preliminary and at an earlier stage than in the criminal proceedings considered in Raskin. Before he is arraigned and pleaded he should make his motion. Once the defendant has been arraigned and has pleaded the court has assumed jurisdiction of his person.

Emphasizing that the waiver doctrine contemplates the relinquishment of a known right, defendant argues that Shields could not possibly have invoked the White rule since that case was not decided until after his arrest, bindover, and partial trial. However, this analysis ignores the reliance of White on Giordenello v. United States,¹¹ a case which had announced the same propositions in 1958. Thus, the basic ground rules were established long before Shields probably even had designs on the complainant, and the failure to make proper and timely objection amounts to a waiver.

By the Court. — Issuance granted of writ of mandamus to compel County Judge William R. Moser of Branch No. 10 of the county court of Milwaukee county to proceed with trial in the case of State of Wisconsin v. Edward Shields.

³

Sec. 52.27, Stats. “Preliminary examination. On the entry of defendant’s plea denying paternity, or on the date to which the matter is then adjourned, the court or court commissioner shall examine the complainant under oath respecting the cause of complaint; the defendant may cross-examine her and put any questions necessary for his defense. Witnesses may be examined on behalf of either party. If the defendant does not appear, the court [59]*59or court commissioner shall proceed in the same manner as though he were present, and shall make such orders as if the defendant were in court. The court or court commissioner may exclude the public from attendance at such examination. All testimony taken and proceedings had shall he reduced to writing; and the proceedings for cause shown may he adjourned from time to time.”

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Wilkie, J.

This original action concerns the effect of White on paternity actions which have not been finalized but which have proceeded at least to the point of appearance before the trial court² after a bindover following a preliminary examination.³ The precise issue [59]*59is whether the county court erred in granting an alleged father’s motion to dismiss the proceedings against him for the reason that the arrest warrant was constitutionally defective under White when the motion was made for the first time only after the defendant had been arraigned and entered a plea of not guilty before one branch of the county court which then held a preliminary and bound the defendant over to another branch of the county court for trial, and after he had appeared in such court and his trial therein had proceeded to the point that the state’s case had already been completed.

The issue in this case is substantially the same as that in State ex rel. La Follette v. Raskin, ante, p. 39, 139 N. W. (2d) 667, and the holdings therein are controlling here except as differentiated or modified by this opinion.

A paternity action is considered to be a civil special proceeding.⁴ By failing to object ⁵ at his initial appearance, without appearing specially as in White, to the jurisdiction of the trial court over his person, Shields has waived any objection he has in this regard under [60]*60sec. 262.16 (1) ⁶ and (6),⁷ Stats. This has been the law in Wisconsin since long before the enactment of ch. 262. In Damp v. Town of Dane ⁸ it was recognized that:

“A party may do or omit to do many acts which will operate to give the tribunal jurisdiction of his person. If he appears before the tribunal wherein the action or proceeding is pending, and submits his case to its judgment, or if he fails, at the earliest opportunity, or within reasonable time, to make the objection that such tribunal has not acquired jurisdiction of his person, he thereby waives such objection, and will not afterwards be heard to make it.” ⁹

Arguing that a paternity action is a hybrid proceeding, particularly in that the arrested person must appear immediately before the court without the benefit of counsel, defendant takes the position that the rules of civil procedure should not be applied in this case. However, since the legislature specifically provided that paternity actions shall be “commenced and conducted . . . according to the provisions of these statutes with respect to civil actions and civil proceedings in courts of record” ¹⁰ and since there are no statutory rules which would govern such a “hybrid” case, the procedures in ch. 262, Stats., should control in the absence of any contrary provisions in sec. 52.45.

[61]*61In White, objection to the invalidity of the arrest was not made at the very first appearance of the defendant in court in response to his arrest. At this appearance he was assigned counsel and then at his first appearance counsel appeared specially and made the motion that later was upheld by the court in White. The state concedes that such a motion as then made was timely.

A motion to dismiss on the basis that the arrest was invalid (on the grounds of White) to be timely must be made when the defendant appears in court and before he is arraigned and enters a plea. It makes no difference that his arraignment in a paternity action is before the preliminary and at an earlier stage than in the criminal proceedings considered in Raskin. Before he is arraigned and pleaded he should make his motion. Once the defendant has been arraigned and has pleaded the court has assumed jurisdiction of his person.

Emphasizing that the waiver doctrine contemplates the relinquishment of a known right, defendant argues that Shields could not possibly have invoked the White rule since that case was not decided until after his arrest, bindover, and partial trial. However, this analysis ignores the reliance of White on Giordenello v. United States,¹¹ a case which had announced the same propositions in 1958. Thus, the basic ground rules were established long before Shields probably even had designs on the complainant, and the failure to make proper and timely objection amounts to a waiver.

By the Court. — Issuance granted of writ of mandamus to compel County Judge William R. Moser of Branch No. 10 of the county court of Milwaukee county to proceed with trial in the case of State of Wisconsin v. Edward Shields.

³

Sec. 52.27, Stats. “Preliminary examination. On the entry of defendant’s plea denying paternity, or on the date to which the matter is then adjourned, the court or court commissioner shall examine the complainant under oath respecting the cause of complaint; the defendant may cross-examine her and put any questions necessary for his defense. Witnesses may be examined on behalf of either party. If the defendant does not appear, the court [59]*59or court commissioner shall proceed in the same manner as though he were present, and shall make such orders as if the defendant were in court. The court or court commissioner may exclude the public from attendance at such examination. All testimony taken and proceedings had shall he reduced to writing; and the proceedings for cause shown may he adjourned from time to time.”

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139 N.W.2d 632, 30 Wis. 2d 56, 1966 Wisc. LEXIS 1027, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-ex-rel-la-follette-v-moser-wis-1966.

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