St. Sauver v. Byrd-Hunt

Opinion

1 2 3 4 5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 6 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 7 8 KENNETH ST. SAUVER, Case No.: 3:20-cv-0584-JAH-MDD CDCR #BA-5720, 9 ORDER: Plaintiff, 10 vs. 1) GRANTING MOTION TO 11 PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS BYRD-HUNT, Correctional Officer; 12 [ECF No. 3] DANIEL PARAMO, Warden,

13 Defendants. 2) DISMISSING DEFENDANT 14 PARAMO PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) AND § 1915A(b); and 15

16 3) DIRECTING U.S. MARSHAL TO EFFECT SERVICE UPON 17 DEFENDANT BYRD-HUNT 18 PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d) AND Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(c)(3) 19 20 21 Kenneth St. Sauver (“Plaintiff”), currently incarcerated at Salinas Valley State 22 Prison (“SVSP”) located in Soledad, California, and proceeding pro se, has filed this civil 23 rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. See Compl., ECF No. 1 at 1. Plaintiff did not 24 pay the filing fee required by 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a) at the time of filing; instead, he later 25 filed a Motion to Proceed In Forma Pauperis (“IFP”) pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a) 26 (ECF No. 3). Plaintiff alleges his First and Eighth Amendment rights were violated when 27 he was previously housed at the Richard. J. Donovan Correctional Facility (“RJD”) in 28 2018. (See Compl. at 1.) 1 I. Motion to Proceed IFP 2 All parties instituting any civil action, suit or proceeding in a district court of the 3 United States, except an application for writ of habeas corpus, must pay a filing fee of 4 $400.1 See 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a). The action may proceed despite a plaintiff’s failure to 5 prepay the entire fee only if he is granted leave to proceed IFP pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 6 § 1915(a). See Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 1051 (9th Cir. 2007); Rodriguez v. 7 Cook, 169 F.3d 1176, 1177 (9th Cir. 1999). However, a prisoner granted leave to proceed 8 IFP remains obligated to pay the entire fee in “increments” or “installments,” Bruce v. 9 Samuels, __ U.S. __, 136 S. Ct. 627, 629 (2016); Williams v. Paramo, 775 F.3d 1182, 10 1185 (9th Cir. 2015), and regardless of whether his action is ultimately dismissed. See 28 11 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1) & (2); Taylor v. Delatoore, 281 F.3d 844, 847 (9th Cir. 2002). 12 Section 1915(a)(2) requires prisoners seeking leave to proceed IFP to submit a 13 “certified copy of the trust fund account statement (or institutional equivalent) for ... the 14 6-month period immediately preceding the filing of the complaint.” 28 U.S.C. 15 § 1915(a)(2); Andrews v. King, 398 F.3d 1113, 1119 (9th Cir. 2005). From the certified 16 trust account statement, the Court assesses an initial payment of 20% of (a) the average 17 monthly deposits in the account for the past six months, or (b) the average monthly 18 balance in the account for the past six months, whichever is greater, unless the prisoner 19 has no assets. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1); 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(4). The institution having 20 custody of the prisoner then collects subsequent payments, assessed at 20% of the 21 preceding month’s income, in any month in which his account exceeds $10, and forwards 22 those payments to the Court until the entire filing fee is paid. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2); 23 Bruce, 136 S. Ct. at 629. 24 25 26 1 In addition to the $350 statutory fee, civil litigants must pay an additional administrative 27 fee of $50. See 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a) (Judicial Conference Schedule of Fees, District Court Misc. Fee Schedule, § 14 (eff. June 1, 2016). The additional $50 administrative fee does 28 1 In support of his IFP Motion, Plaintiff has submitted a copy of his CDCR Inmate 2 Statement Report as well as a Prison Certificate completed by an accounting officer at 3 SVSP. See ECF No. 3 at 2-5; 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(2); S.D. Cal. CivLR 3.2; Andrews, 398 4 F.3d at 1119. These statements show that Plaintiff has carried an average monthly 5 balance of $40.21 and has had $58.16 in average monthly deposits credited to his account 6 over the 6-month period immediately preceding the filing of his Complaint; but he had no 7 available money on the books at the time of filing. See ECF No. 3 at 2-3. 8 Therefore, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s Motion to Proceed IFP (ECF No. 3) and 9 assesses his initial partial filing fee to be $11.63 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1). The 10 Court will direct the Secretary of the CDCR, or his designee, to collect the initial $11.63 11 filing fee assessed only if sufficient funds are available in Plaintiff’s account at the time 12 this Order is executed. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(4) (providing that “[i]n no event shall a 13 prisoner be prohibited from bringing a civil action or appealing a civil action or criminal 14 judgment for the reason that the prisoner has no assets and no means by which to pay the 15 initial partial filing fee.”); Bruce, 136 S. Ct. at 630; Taylor, 281 F.3d at 850 (finding that 16 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(4) acts as a “safety-valve” preventing dismissal of a prisoner’s IFP 17 case based solely on a “failure to pay ... due to the lack of funds available to him when 18 payment is ordered.”). The remaining balance of the $350 total fee owed in this case must 19 be collected by the agency having custody of the prisoner and forwarded to the Clerk of 20 the Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2). 21 II. Initial Screening per 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B) and 1915A(b) 22 A. Standard of Review 23 Because Plaintiff is a prisoner and is proceeding IFP, his Complaint requires a pre- 24 answer screening pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) and § 1915A(b). Under these 25 statutes, the Court must sua sponte dismiss a prisoner’s IFP complaint, or any portion of 26 it, which is frivolous, malicious, fails to state a claim, or seeks damages from defendants 27 who are immune. See Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126-27 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc) 28 (discussing 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)); Rhodes v. Robinson, 621 F.3d 1002, 1004 (9th Cir. 1 2010) (discussing 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)). “The purpose of [screening] is ‘to ensure that 2 the targets of frivolous or malicious suits need not bear the expense of responding.’” 3 Nordstrom v. Ryan, 762 F.3d 903, 920 n.1 (9th Cir. 2014) (quoting Wheeler v. Wexford 4 Health Sources, Inc., 689 F.3d 680, 681 (7th Cir. 2012)). 5 “The standard for determining whether a plaintiff has failed to state a claim upon 6 which relief can be granted under § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) is the same as the Federal Rule of 7 Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) standard for failure to state a claim.” Watison v. Carter, 668 8 F.3d 1108, 1112 (9th Cir. 2012); see also Wilhelm v. Rotman, 680 F.3d 1113, 1121 (9th 9 Cir. 2012) (noting that screening pursuant to § 1915A “incorporates the familiar standard 10 applied in the context of failure to state a claim under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 11 12(b)(6)”). Rule 12(b)(6) requires a complaint to “contain sufficient factual matter, 12 accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 13 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (internal quotation marks omitted); Wilhelm, 680 F.3d at 1121. 14 Detailed factual allegations are not required, but “[t]hreadbare recitals of the 15 elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” 16 Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. “Determining whether a complaint states a plausible claim for 17 relief [is] . . . a context-specific task that requires the reviewing court to draw on its 18 judicial experience and common sense.” Id. The “mere possibility of misconduct” or 19 “unadorned, the defendant-unlawfully-harmed me accusation[s]” fall short of meeting 20 this plausibility standard. Id.; see also Moss v. U.S. Secret Service, 572 F.3d 962, 969 21 (9th Cir. 2009). 22 B. 42 U.S.C. § 1983 23 To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must allege two essential 24 elements: (1) that a right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States was 25 violated, and (2) that the alleged violation was committed by a person acting under the 26 color of state law. West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988); Naffe v. Frye, 789 F.3d 1030, 27 1035-36 (9th Cir. 2015). 28 / / / 1 C. Improper Defendant 2 Plaintiff identifies Daniel Paramo, RJD’s former Warden, as a Defendant alleging 3 that Paramo has “fiduciary duties as custodian of my person and to keep and uphold 4 constitutional laws.” (Compl. at 2.) However, Plaintiff fails to include any “further 5 factual enhancement” to show how, or to what extent, Paramo may be held liable for any 6 constitutional injury. See Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 676-77; Jones v. Comm’ty Redev. Agency of 7 City of Los Angeles, 733 F.2d 646, 649 (9th Cir. 1984) (even pro se plaintiff must “allege 8 with at least some degree of particularity overt acts which defendants engaged in” in 9 order to state a claim). 10 Plaintiff makes general allegations against Paramo but does not identify any 11 knowledge of the part of Paramo regarding Plaintiff’s claims. However, “vicarious 12 liability is inapplicable to … § 1983 suits, [and] a plaintiff must plead that each 13 Government-official defendant, through [his] own individual actions, has violated the 14 Constitution,” in order to plead a plausible claim for relief. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 676; see 15 also Crowley v. Bannister, 734 F.3d 967, 977 (9th Cir. 2013) (supervisor may be held 16 liable under Section 1983 only if there is “a sufficient causal connection between the 17 supervisor’s wrongful conduct and the constitutional violation”) (citations and internal 18 quotation marks omitted). 19 For these reasons, the Court dismisses Defendant Paramo as a party to this action 20 sua sponte pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii), (iii) and 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), 21 (2); Lopez, 203 F.3d at 1126-27; Wilhelm, 680 F.3d at 1121. 22 D. Defendant Byrd-Hunt 23 As to Plaintiff’s allegations against Byrd-Hunt however, the Court finds his 24 Complaint contains plausible First Amendment retaliation and Eighth Amendment claims 25 sufficient to survive the “low threshold” set to withstand the sua sponte screening 26 required by 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2) and 1915A(b). See Wilhelm, 680 F.3d at 1123; 27 Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678; Hudson v. McMillian, 503 U.S. 1, 5 (1992) (unnecessary and 28 wanton infliction of pain violates the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause of the 1 Eighth Amendment); Wilkins v. Gaddy, 559 U.S. 34, 37 (2010) (per curiam) (for claims 2 arising out of the use of excessive physical force, the issue is “whether force was applied 3 in a good faith effort to maintain or restore, or maliciously and sadistically to cause 4 harm”) (citing Hudson, 503 U.S. at 7) (internal quotation marks omitted); Wilhelm, 680 5 F.3d at 1123; see also Labatad v. Corrections Corp. of America, 714 F.3d 1155, 1160 6 (9th Cir. 2013) (prison officials have a duty under the Eighth Amendment “to take 7 reasonable measures to guarantee the safety of inmates, which has been interpreted to 8 include a duty to protect prisoners”) (citing Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 832-33 9 (1994)); Robins v. Meecham, 60 F.3d 1436, 1442 (9th Cir. 1995) (an officer’s failure to 10 intervene and protect can violate a prisoner’s Eighth Amendment rights); Rhodes v. 11 Robinson, 408 F.3d 559, 567-68 (9th Cir. 2005) (“Within the prison context, a viable 12 claim of First Amendment retaliation entails five basic elements: (1) An assertion that a 13 state actor took some adverse action against an inmate (2) because of (3) that prisoner’s 14 protected conduct, and that such action (4) chilled the inmate’s exercise of his First 15 Amendment rights, and (5) the action did not reasonably advance a legitimate 16 correctional goal.”). 17 Therefore, the Court will order the U.S. Marshal to effect service upon Defendant 18 Byrd-Hunt on Plaintiff’s behalf. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d) (“The officers of the court shall 19 issue and serve all process, and perform all duties in [IFP] cases.”); FED. R. CIV. P. 20 4(c)(3) (“[T]he court may order that service be made by a United States marshal or 21 deputy marshal ... if the plaintiff is authorized to proceed in forma pauperis under 28 22 U.S.C. § 1915.”).2 23 / / / 24 / / / 25

26 27 2 Plaintiff is cautioned that “the sua sponte screening and dismissal procedure is cumulative of, and not a substitute for, any subsequent Rule 12(b)(6) motion that [a defendant] may 28 1 III. Conclusion and Orders 2 Based on the foregoing, the Court: 3 1. GRANTS Plaintiff’s Motion to Proceed IFP pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a) 4 (ECF No. 3). 5 2. ORDERS the Secretary of the CDCR, or his designee, to collect from 6 Plaintiff’s prison trust account the $350 filing fee owed in this case by collecting monthly 7 payments from the account in an amount equal to twenty percent (20%) of the preceding 8 month’s income and forward payments to the Clerk of the Court each time the amount in 9 the account exceeds $10 in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2). ALL PAYMENTS 10 SHALL BE CLEARLY IDENTIFIED BY THE NAME AND NUMBER ASSIGNED 11 TO THIS ACTION. 12 3. DIRECTS the Clerk of the Court to serve a copy of this Order on Ralph 13 Diaz, Secretary, CDCR, P.O. Box 942883, Sacramento, California, 94283-0001. 14 4. DISMISSES Defendant Paramo as a party to this matter based on Plaintiff’s 15 failure to state a claim against him pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) and 28 16 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1). 17 5. DIRECTS the Clerk to issue a summons as to Plaintiff’s Complaint (ECF 18 No. 1) upon Byrd-Hunt, and forward it to Plaintiff along with a blank U.S. Marshal Form 19 285 for this Defendant. In addition, the Clerk will provide Plaintiff with a certified copy 20 of this Order, a certified copy of his Complaint (ECF No. 1), and the summons so that he 21 may serve Byrd-Hunt. Upon receipt of this “IFP Package,” Plaintiff must complete the 22 USM Form 285 as completely and accurately as possible, include an address where 23 Byrd-Hunt may be found and/or subject to service pursuant to S.D. Cal. CivLR 4.1c., and 24 return it to the United States Marshal according to the instructions the Clerk provides in 25 the letter accompanying his IFP package. 26 6. ORDERS the U.S. Marshal to serve a copy of the Complaint (ECF No. 1), 27 and summons upon Byrd-Hunt as directed by Plaintiff on the USM Form 285 provided to 28 him. All costs of that service will be advanced by the United States. See 28 U.S.C. 1 || § 1915(d); Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(c)(3). 2 7. ORDERS Defendant Byrd-Hunt, once he has been served, to reply to 3 || Plaintiffs Complaint within the time provided by the applicable provisions of Federal 4 ||Rule of Civil Procedure 12(a). See 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(g)(2) (while a defendant may 5 occasionally be permitted to “waive the right to reply to any action brought by a prisoner 6 || confined in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility under section 1983,” once the 7 Court has conducted its sua sponte screening pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2) and 8 1915A(b), and thus, has made a preliminary determination based on the face on the 9 || pleading alone that Plaintiff has a “reasonable opportunity to prevail on the merits,” 10 || defendant is required to respond). 11 8. ORDERS Plaintiff, after service has been effected by the U.S. Marshal, to 12 serve upon Defendant Byrd-Hunt, or if appearance has been entered by counsel, upon 13 || Defendant’s counsel, a copy of every further pleading, motion, or other document 14 submitted for the Court’s consideration pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 5(b). Plaintiff must 15 |}include with every original document he seeks to file with the Clerk of the Court, a 16 || certificate stating the manner in which a true and correct copy of that document has been 17 || was served on Defendant or his counsel, and the date of that service. See S.D. Cal. CivLR 18 Any document received by the Court which has not been properly filed with the 19 Clerk or which fails to include a Certificate of Service upon the Defendant, or his 20 || counsel, may be disregarded. 21 IT ISSO ORDERED. 22 23 || Dated: April 29, 2020 24 Hgn. John A. Houston Jnited States District Judge 26 27 28 8