Smith v. Otis Elevator Co.
This text of 633 A.2d 731 (Smith v. Otis Elevator Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Connecticut Appellate Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.
Opinion
The defendant has filed a motion to dismiss the plaintiff’s appeal for lack of a final judgment. The dispositive issue before us is whether a final judgment exists after the trial court has denied a motion to set aside the verdict but before it has heard evidence of collateral source payments pursuant to General Statutes § 52-225a.1 We conclude that final judgment does not enter until after the collateral source payment issue has been decided and, therefore, the appeal must be dismissed for lack of a final judgment.
The procedural history of this case is not in dispute. In 1990, the plaintiff, James Smith,2 brought a negli[101]*101gence action against the defendant, Otis Elevator Company. Prior to bringing the action, the plaintiff received compensation for his injuries under the Workers’ Compensation Act. The plaintiff’s complaint alleged that, while working at a job site for his employer, Maklari Electric, he suffered various personal injuries due to the defendant’s negligence. After a jury trial, a verdict was rendered for the plaintiff and accepted by the trial court on August 5, 1993. The plaintiff moved to set aside the verdict and moved for an additur. The trial court denied both motions on August 20, 1993, and ordered an evidentiary hearing on collateral source payments made to the plaintiff.3
On September 1, 1993, prior to the hearing on the collateral source payment issue, the plaintiff filed an appeal from the denial of his motion to set aside the verdict. The defendant filed a timely motion to dismiss the appeal, asserting that, pursuant to General Statutes § 52-225a, final judgment cannot enter until after the hearing on collateral source payments, and that the denial of the motion to set aside the verdict does not satisfy the test for a final judgment enunciated in State v. Curcio, 191 Conn. 27, 31, 463 A.2d 566 (1983). In his opposition to the motion to dismiss, the plaintiff claims that judgment enters as a matter of course once a motion to set aside the verdict is denied. Gordon v. Feldman, 164 Conn. 554, 557, 325 A.2d 247 (1973); Tough v. Ives, 159 Conn. 605, 606, 268 A.2d 371 (1970).
“The lack of final judgment is a threshold question that implicates the subject matter jurisdiction of this court.” Schick v. Windsor Airmotive Division/Barnes [102]*102Group, 31 Conn. App. 819, 822, 627 A.2d 478 (1993), citing Walton v. New Hartford, 223 Conn. 155, 162 n.9, 612 A.2d 1153 (1992). If there is no final judgment, we cannot reach the merits of the appeal. General Statutes §§ 51-197a, 52-263; Practice Book § 4000.
The plaintiff properly contends that, as a general rule, in a civil jury case final judgment enters as a matter of course once a motion to set aside the verdict is denied. Gordon v. Feldman, supra. However, “[appellate jurisdiction is derived from the constitutional or statutory provisions by which it is created and can be acquired and exercised only in the manner prescribed.” LaReau v. Reincke, 158 Conn. 486, 492, 264 A.2d 576 (1969). Our legislature has frequently exercised its power to prescribe when final judgment exists under various circumstances. See Ambroise v. Williams Raveis Real Estate, Inc., 226 Conn. 757, 628 A.2d 1303 (1993) (discussing final judgment under the prejudgment remedy statute); Dunham v. Dunham, 217 Conn. 24, 584 A.2d 445 (1991) (discussing final judgment under the lis pendens statute); Southington v. Pierce, 29 Conn. App. 716, 720 n.4, 617 A.2d 929 (1992) (discussing final judgment under various statutes regarding temporary injunctions).
General Statutes § 52-225a was enacted as part of a tort reform act. Subsection (a) of § 52-225a provides in relevant part that “[ip any civil action, whether in tort or in contract, wherein the claimant seeks to recover damages resulting from (1) personal injury . . . and wherein liability is admitted or is determined by the trier of fact and damages are awarded to compensate the claimant, the court shall reduce the amount of such award which represents economic damages . . . by an amount equal to the total of amounts determined to have been paid under subsection (b) . . . .” Subsection (b) provides in pertinent part that “[upon a finding of liability and an awarding of damages by [103]*103the trier of fact and before the court enters judgment, the court shall receive evidence . . . concerning the total amount of collateral sources . . . . ” (Emphasis added.)
“In construing a statutory provision, we first look to its language, and if that language is plain and unambiguous, ‘we need look no further for interpretive guidance because we assume that the words themselves express the intention of the legislature.’ ” Samperi v. Inlands Wetlands Agency, 226 Conn. 579, 590, 628 A.2d 1286 (1993); Rhodes v. Hartford, 201 Conn. 89, 93, 513 A.2d 124 (1986). Section 52-225a clearly indicates that the trial court must receive evidence concerning collateral source payments before entering judgment. There is no final judgment until the collateral source payment issue is decided.
Because we may exercise jurisdiction only in the manner prescribed by statute, we must adhere to the requirements of § 52-225a. We read § 52-225a as expressly mandating that final judgment does not enter until the trial court has rendered a decision regarding collateral source payments. We conclude that the denial of the plaintiff’s motion to set aside the verdict is not an appealable final judgment.
The defendant’s motion to dismiss the appeal for lack of a final judgment is granted.
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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack
633 A.2d 731, 33 Conn. App. 99, 1993 Conn. App. LEXIS 440, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/smith-v-otis-elevator-co-connappct-1993.