SHIELDS, Judge.
Defendant George Saliba (Saliba) appeals his conviction for distribution of obscene matter, a class A misdemeanor under I.C. 85-80-10.1-2-(2) (Burns Code Ed., 1979) re-codified at I.C. 35-49-8-1 (Burns Code Ed., Supp.1984).1 The only issue we address is [1184]*1184whether the trial court erred in excluding the results of a public opinion poll 2 on the issue of community standards.
Reversed.
FACTS
Saliba was charged with exhibiting an obscene film in his adult book store in Indianapolis on November 12, 1981. The film which formed the basis for Saliba's conviction depicted three males involved in various homosexual activities. Prior to trial, Saliba employed Dr. Roderick Bell of California to conduct a public opinion poll to determine community standards in Marion County regarding the depiction of sexual activities in movies and publications. At trial and out of the jury's presence, Saliba offered into evidence the results of the poll designed by Dr. Bell. In support of the offer, Dr. Bell testified to his qualifications 3 and explained the general nature of public opinion polls. Dr. Bell then extensively discussed the scientific methodology generally employed in conducting polls and detailed the specific techniques employed in conducting the poll at issue. Based on the design, execution, tabulation and verification of the instant poll, Dr. Bell opined that the poll was a valid measure of the degree of public acceptance of sexually explicit materials in Marion County.
The State objected to the poll's validity and presented the expert testimony of Dr. Brian Vargus. Following Dr. Vargus' examination of the poll during a lunch break on the day of trial, he opined the manner in which the poll was conducted potentially generated 30% "pseudo-opinion". However, Dr. Vargus also testified his opinion depended on whether Dr. Bell had conducted a proper "pretest" and other methodological checks.
After the State renewed its objection to the admission of the poll, the trial judge ruled the poll inadmissible. Saliba then recalled Dr. Bell who testified a pretest was indeed conducted and characterized Dr. Vargus' testimony as merely presenting a methodological dispute between experts. In fact, Dr. Bell testified if the methodology suggested by Dr. Vargus had been used, the results of the poll would have been biased in Saliba's favor. The poll was again offered into evidence but again excluded by the trial court.
DISCUSSION
The State had the burden of proving the film confiscated from Saliba's store was "obscene" as defined by statute. IC. 35-30-10.1-1 (Burns Code Ed., 1979) recodified at IC. 35-49-2-1 (Burns Code Ed., Supp.1984) provides, in pertinent part,
"A matter or performance is obscene for purposes of this article if: (1) the average person, applying contemporary community standards, finds that the dominant theme of the matter or performance, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest in sex;" 4
The determination of obscenity, therefore, depends upon prevailing community standards.
Survey Evidence in Obscenity Prosecutions
As the State contends, the obscene character of materials may be determined by the jury based on a viewing of the allegedly offensive material. The State need not present an expert witness or other [1185]*1185evidence of community standards. Hamling v. United States, 418 U.S. 87, 94 S.Ct. 2887, 41 L.Ed.2d 590 (1974); Sedelbauer v. State, 455 N.E.2d 1159 (Ind.App.1983).
However, expert evidence on this issue may be highly relevant. The jurors are not instructed to evaluate obscenity based on their personal opinions but are charged with applying contemporary community standards. Kaplan v. California, 413 U.S. 115, 93 S.Ct. 2680, 37 L.Ed.2d 492 (1973). In the absence of expert testimony, the jury's determination of contemporary community standards runs the risk of incorporating the individual juror's "necessarily limited, hit-or-miss subjective view" "on the basis of his personal upbringing or restricted reflection or particular experience of life." Smith v. California, 361 U.S. 147, 165, 80 S.Ct. 215, 225, 4 L.Ed.2d 205 (1959) (Frankfurter, J., concurring). Consequently, the defendant in an obscenity prosecution is entitled to introduce relevant and appropriate expert testimony on the issue of contemporary community standards. Kaplan v. California, 413 U.S. 115, 93 S.Ct. 2680, 37 L.Ed.2d 492.
Expert testimony based on a public opinion poll is uniquely suited to a determination of community standards. Perhaps no other form of evidence is more helpful or concise: "A properly conducted public opinion survey itself adequately ensures a good measure of trustworthiness, and its admission may be necessary in the sense that no other evidence would be as good as the survey evidence or perhaps even obtainable as a practical matter." Commonwealth v. Trainor, 374 Mass. 796, 374 N.E.2d 1216, 1221 (1978).
The alternative modes of introducing such evidence are less desirable Zippo Manufacturing Co. v. Rogers Imports, Inc., 216 F.Supp. 670 (S.D.N.Y.1963) (leading case on survey evidence). For example, the presentation of in-court testimony from the entire target population or even a representative sample is patently impractical. And the use of an expert witness to testify regarding his or her opinion on community standards is not as direct or accurate as a public poll, even assuming an expert could qualify on the subject. E.g. Sedelbauer v. State, 455 N.E.2d at 1165 (held sex therapist unqualified to testify on county standards). The nature of public opinion polls renders them better suited to demonstrate contemporary community standards.
Admissibility of Survey Evidence
In the instant case, the State objected to the admission of the public opinion poll both on the grounds of relevancy and trustworthiness. Specifically, the State argued the poll's focus on overall community standards did not determine whether the film in question was obscene. Alternatively, the State argued the poll was improperly conducted and therefore unreliable. We will address each contention in turn.
A. Relevancy
At trial, the State argued the degree of community acceptance of "sexually explicit materials" was not relevant to a determination of whether the particular film in question was obscene. However, on appeal, the State argues irrelevancey based upon another theory. On appeal, the State cites two cases from sister states which found allegedly similar surveys irrelevant because those surveys only examined whether the community sanctioned the dissemination of sexually explicit materials to willing adults (ie., community standards) the surveys did not examine whether the community regarded similar materials or the particular materials in issue as obscene. See Flynt v. State, 153 Ga.App. 232, 264 S.E.2d 669, cert. denied 449 U.S. 888, 101 S.Ct.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
SHIELDS, Judge.
Defendant George Saliba (Saliba) appeals his conviction for distribution of obscene matter, a class A misdemeanor under I.C. 85-80-10.1-2-(2) (Burns Code Ed., 1979) re-codified at I.C. 35-49-8-1 (Burns Code Ed., Supp.1984).1 The only issue we address is [1184]*1184whether the trial court erred in excluding the results of a public opinion poll 2 on the issue of community standards.
Reversed.
FACTS
Saliba was charged with exhibiting an obscene film in his adult book store in Indianapolis on November 12, 1981. The film which formed the basis for Saliba's conviction depicted three males involved in various homosexual activities. Prior to trial, Saliba employed Dr. Roderick Bell of California to conduct a public opinion poll to determine community standards in Marion County regarding the depiction of sexual activities in movies and publications. At trial and out of the jury's presence, Saliba offered into evidence the results of the poll designed by Dr. Bell. In support of the offer, Dr. Bell testified to his qualifications 3 and explained the general nature of public opinion polls. Dr. Bell then extensively discussed the scientific methodology generally employed in conducting polls and detailed the specific techniques employed in conducting the poll at issue. Based on the design, execution, tabulation and verification of the instant poll, Dr. Bell opined that the poll was a valid measure of the degree of public acceptance of sexually explicit materials in Marion County.
The State objected to the poll's validity and presented the expert testimony of Dr. Brian Vargus. Following Dr. Vargus' examination of the poll during a lunch break on the day of trial, he opined the manner in which the poll was conducted potentially generated 30% "pseudo-opinion". However, Dr. Vargus also testified his opinion depended on whether Dr. Bell had conducted a proper "pretest" and other methodological checks.
After the State renewed its objection to the admission of the poll, the trial judge ruled the poll inadmissible. Saliba then recalled Dr. Bell who testified a pretest was indeed conducted and characterized Dr. Vargus' testimony as merely presenting a methodological dispute between experts. In fact, Dr. Bell testified if the methodology suggested by Dr. Vargus had been used, the results of the poll would have been biased in Saliba's favor. The poll was again offered into evidence but again excluded by the trial court.
DISCUSSION
The State had the burden of proving the film confiscated from Saliba's store was "obscene" as defined by statute. IC. 35-30-10.1-1 (Burns Code Ed., 1979) recodified at IC. 35-49-2-1 (Burns Code Ed., Supp.1984) provides, in pertinent part,
"A matter or performance is obscene for purposes of this article if: (1) the average person, applying contemporary community standards, finds that the dominant theme of the matter or performance, taken as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest in sex;" 4
The determination of obscenity, therefore, depends upon prevailing community standards.
Survey Evidence in Obscenity Prosecutions
As the State contends, the obscene character of materials may be determined by the jury based on a viewing of the allegedly offensive material. The State need not present an expert witness or other [1185]*1185evidence of community standards. Hamling v. United States, 418 U.S. 87, 94 S.Ct. 2887, 41 L.Ed.2d 590 (1974); Sedelbauer v. State, 455 N.E.2d 1159 (Ind.App.1983).
However, expert evidence on this issue may be highly relevant. The jurors are not instructed to evaluate obscenity based on their personal opinions but are charged with applying contemporary community standards. Kaplan v. California, 413 U.S. 115, 93 S.Ct. 2680, 37 L.Ed.2d 492 (1973). In the absence of expert testimony, the jury's determination of contemporary community standards runs the risk of incorporating the individual juror's "necessarily limited, hit-or-miss subjective view" "on the basis of his personal upbringing or restricted reflection or particular experience of life." Smith v. California, 361 U.S. 147, 165, 80 S.Ct. 215, 225, 4 L.Ed.2d 205 (1959) (Frankfurter, J., concurring). Consequently, the defendant in an obscenity prosecution is entitled to introduce relevant and appropriate expert testimony on the issue of contemporary community standards. Kaplan v. California, 413 U.S. 115, 93 S.Ct. 2680, 37 L.Ed.2d 492.
Expert testimony based on a public opinion poll is uniquely suited to a determination of community standards. Perhaps no other form of evidence is more helpful or concise: "A properly conducted public opinion survey itself adequately ensures a good measure of trustworthiness, and its admission may be necessary in the sense that no other evidence would be as good as the survey evidence or perhaps even obtainable as a practical matter." Commonwealth v. Trainor, 374 Mass. 796, 374 N.E.2d 1216, 1221 (1978).
The alternative modes of introducing such evidence are less desirable Zippo Manufacturing Co. v. Rogers Imports, Inc., 216 F.Supp. 670 (S.D.N.Y.1963) (leading case on survey evidence). For example, the presentation of in-court testimony from the entire target population or even a representative sample is patently impractical. And the use of an expert witness to testify regarding his or her opinion on community standards is not as direct or accurate as a public poll, even assuming an expert could qualify on the subject. E.g. Sedelbauer v. State, 455 N.E.2d at 1165 (held sex therapist unqualified to testify on county standards). The nature of public opinion polls renders them better suited to demonstrate contemporary community standards.
Admissibility of Survey Evidence
In the instant case, the State objected to the admission of the public opinion poll both on the grounds of relevancy and trustworthiness. Specifically, the State argued the poll's focus on overall community standards did not determine whether the film in question was obscene. Alternatively, the State argued the poll was improperly conducted and therefore unreliable. We will address each contention in turn.
A. Relevancy
At trial, the State argued the degree of community acceptance of "sexually explicit materials" was not relevant to a determination of whether the particular film in question was obscene. However, on appeal, the State argues irrelevancey based upon another theory. On appeal, the State cites two cases from sister states which found allegedly similar surveys irrelevant because those surveys only examined whether the community sanctioned the dissemination of sexually explicit materials to willing adults (ie., community standards) the surveys did not examine whether the community regarded similar materials or the particular materials in issue as obscene. See Flynt v. State, 153 Ga.App. 232, 264 S.E.2d 669, cert. denied 449 U.S. 888, 101 S.Ct. 245, 66 L.Ed.2d 114 (1980); Commonwealth v. Mascolo, 7 Mass.App. 275, 386 N.E.2d 1311 (1979). We address both of the State's arguments of irrelevancy, that at trial and that on appeal, because of our obligation to affirm the trial court's action in excluding the poll if its exelusion was proper on any basis. Fendley v. Ford, 458 N.E.2d 1167 (Ind. App.1984).
Our probe into relevance is therefore two-pronged. Were the questions in the poll relevant to a determination of 1) com[1186]*1186munity standards in general and 2) the community's acceptance of viewing the particular film in question.5
1. General Community Standards
We first determine whether the questions in the poll were relevant to a determination of community standards. For example, question seven asked: "Do you personally think it is acceptable or not acceptable for the average adult to see any depiction of actual or pretended sexual activities shown in movies and publications that he or she wants to?" The balance of the questions in the poll merely changed the type and location of access to such materials to movies, books, or magazines and theaters, bookstores, or arcades. The poll therefore questioned the interviewees regarding their view of community acceptance of sexually explicit materials rather than their personal acceptance of such materials.
We must emphasize the majority of the community need not desire to view sexually explicit materials in order to establish community acceptance or tolerance of such materials. Rather, the issue concerns the population's perception of what is
generally acceptable in the community considering the intended and probable recipients of the materials. Pinkus v. United States, 486 U.S. 298, 98 S.Ct. 1808, 56 L.Ed.2d 293 (1978). The questions in the poll parallel the statutorily mandated standard; matter is "obscene" if "the average person, applying contemporary community standards" finds the material as a whole appeals to the prurient interest in sex. IC. 35-30-10.1-1 (Burns Code Ed.1979) recodi-fied at I.C. 35-49-2-1 (Burns Code Ed., Supp.1984). The poll's results were relevant evidence of the community standards which the jury was obligated to apply.
2. Acceptance of Particular Film
We must also determine if the community acceptance of viewing "nudity and actual or pretended sexual activity", as phrased throughout the poll, is relevant to a determination of the acceptance of viewing the film in question. We also answer this inquiry in the affirmative. The poll defines "nudity and pretended or actual sexual activity" as "total male and/or female nudity, and sexual intercourse including all kinds of sexual variation." 6 Appendix A. The [1187]*1187sexual activity portrayed in the instant film fell within the definition of "nudity and actual or pretended sexual activity."
Although the poll did not present the interviewees with the ultimate question to be decided by the jury (i.e., whether the particular film was obscene), the poll was relevant to an application of community standards. The court in Carlock v. State, 609 S.W.2d 787 (Tex.Crim.App.1980), cogently addressed this issue in response to an identical objection to another poll conducted by Dr. Bell:
"[IJt is arguable that the survey would have been more probative if it had asked whether the particular magazine in question appealed to the prurient interest of the average person. Even so, this would not authorize the trial court to exclude from evidence the public opinion survey offered in this case. The expert evidence would not be rendered inadmissible simply because more probative questions could have been incorporated into the poll."
Id. at 789-90. The failure to poll the population on the ultimate issue does not negate relevancy. The population's general opinion is probative, although not determinative, of community standards and, consequently, of the population's specific opinion of the film in question.
B. Trustworthiness
Although the poll was relevant, we must also determine whether it was admissible. Relevant public opinion polls and other survey evidence are widely accepted as generally admissible if properly conducted. See generally Zippo, 216 F.Supp. at 682. Objections to admissibility usually arise because the contents of public opinion polls are generally not within the firsthand knowledge of the submitting witness; they may also constitute hearsay.
Several theories, however, have been advanced to justify the admission of public opinion polls. Some authorities classify polis as falling under the state of mind exception to the hearsay rule. Others characterize polls as hearsay but conclude the need for the evidence at trial and the circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness justify admission. Still other authorities classify survey evidence as non-hearsay, and therefore directly rely on the rules governing admission of expert testimony generally. Id. In any event, it is now generally accepted neither the hearsay rule nor the requirement of firsthand knowledge bars the admission of properly conducted public opinion polls or surveys. As explained in the Advisory Committee's Note to Fed.R.Evid. 703: "Attention is directed to the validity of the techniques employed rather than the relatively fruit less inquiries whether hearsay is involved." 51 F.R.D. 404 (1971).
The admissibility of a public opinion poll depends primarily upon the presence of circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness. 1 J. Moore, Moore's Federal Practice 2.712 (1982). Public opinion polls are surveys7 designed to elicit the state of mind of a targeted population ("universe") through an examination of a representative portion ("sample") of the universe. Through accepted statistical analysis, the sample data is used to project the opinion of the entire targeted population. In short, the circumstantial guarantees of trustworthiness are premised on 1) the use of generally accepted surveying techniques in conducting the poll and 2) adherence to statistically correct methods in conducting the poll and evaluating the results.
This twofold inquiry has led to the judicial development of six foundational criteria which are generally accepted as scientifically necessary to insure a poll's reliability and, consequently, its admissibility. The proponent of a poll has the burden of establishing: 1) the poll was conducted by an expert in the field of surveying; 2) the relevant universe was examined; 8) a [1188]*1188representative sample was drawn from the relevant universe; 4) the mode of questioning was "correct" (mail, telephone, personal interview, etc.); 5) the sample, questionnaire, and the interviews were designed in accordance with generally accepted standards; 6) the data gathered was accurately reported; and 7) the data was analyzed in a statistically correct manner. J. Moore, supra at 188; accord Baumholser v. Amax Coal Co., 630 F.2d 550, 552 (7th Cir.1980).8 The adherence to this generally accepted methodology renders the poll's results admissible in the form of expert opinion.
Once these foundational requirements are established, subject to cross-examination, the poll is admissible. Baumholser, 630 F.2d at 553; Zippo, 216 F.Supp. at 686. Any objection, other than to the lack of foundational requisites, and any testimony challenging the foundational testimony affect the weight accorded the poll, not its admissibility: "Once the offered poll has passed the test of admissibility, the objections to the manner in which it was conducted go to the weight of the polls as evidence." J. Moore, suproe at 139. Given an adequate foundation, questions regarding the technical adequacy of a poll affect the poll's weight only. People v. Thomas, 37 Ill.App.3d 320, 346 N.E.2d 190 (1976).
Accordingly, in ruling on the admissibility of a poll, a distinction must be made between an objection based upon an omission of a foundational requisite and any other objection including an objection which disputes the validity (as opposed to an omission) of a foundation requisite.9 The lack of a complete foundation affects admissibility whereas any other objection affects only the weight to be given an otherwise admissible poll. E.g., People v. Thomas, 37 Ill.App.3d 320, 346 N.E.2d 190, 194. For example, in Thomas, the use of mimeographed cards completed by a majority of patrons of a movie theatre exhibiting "Deep Throat" did not comport with accepted sampling techniques and therefore the foundation was incomplete. Accord Pittsburgh Press Club v. United States, 579 F.2d 751 (8d Cir.1978). Similarly, in Commonwealth v. Trainor, 374 Mass. 796, 374 N.E.2d 1216 (1978), a survey on community standards was excluded where there was no indication the method of selection of the interviewees assured a representative sample. The lack of an adequate foundation again provided grounds for exclusion.
These cases are in contrast to the instant case where Dr. Bell's foundation testimony explained the typical methodology used in conducting opinion polls and described the methodology employed in conducting the instant poll. Dr. Bell identified the "universe" as the adult population of Marion County. This "universe" was sampled by telephone using a random digit dialing technique, the currently preferred method of telephone interviewing.. This technique used a list of telephone numbers randomly generated by computer in proportion to the number of lines for existing telephone prefixes. During the first two weeks of February, 1982, five hundred (500) adults from Marion County were questioned by interviewers from Herron Associates of Indianapolis, a field service.10 The interviewers were instructed and supervised by Dr. Bell. Dr. Bell prepared the questionnaire through the use of extensive "pretesting" techniques designed to insure the questions were understood by the interviewees. The interviewers were instructed to read the questionnaire to the interviewees and record the responses as designated by the accompanying "code sheet" or an[1189]*1189swer key. Once the interviews were complete, a subset of the sample was recontacted by the field supervisor to verify the interview took place and the responses were accurately coded. Dr. Bell then drew a subset of the subset to reverify. Dr. Bell testified this form of spot checking is the only accepted verification technique. The raw data was keyed into a computer for tabulation; Dr. Bell also supervised this data input. The results of the poll were 98% repeatable within a margin of error of 3% to 4%. Dr. Bell testified that the definitions, standards and methodologies described were used by "practically all" national polling organizations including Lou Harris. Dr. Bell's testimony alone provided a complete foundation for admission of the poll.
We recognize Dr. Vargus, who was not present for Dr. Bell's testimony, disputed the appropriateness of several methods he assumed were employed in Dr. Bell's poll. Dr. Vargus objected to the clarity of the questions used in the questionnaire, but recognized the validity of the "pretest" technique to detect ambiguities. He also asserted the necessity for built-in cross checks to detect inconsistencies in the responses and alleged the sample was skewed because 60% of the interviewees were women. Dr. Vargus acknowledged the wide acceptance of the telephoning technique but contended personal interviews would have been preferred given the complexity of the poll.
In sum, Dr. Vargus' testimony and the State's objections dispute only Dr. Bell's expert opinion that the poll's results 11 were a reliable index of community standards, i.e., they dispute the methodology used for the poll. Thus, we are only here concerned with the propriety of exeluding the poll based on Dr. Vargus' expert opinion that the poll was methodologically unsound.
Although no Indiana appellate decision has previously addressed the admissibility of a public opinion poll,12 the Indiana Supreme Court has repeatedly favored admission of expert opinion challenged merely for technical inadequacies. The most recent comprehensive decision appears in Martin v. Roberts, 464 N.E.2d 896 (Ind.1984), in which a state trooper's opinion of vehicular speed was held admissible although not based on any formula, calculation or principle. Once the state trooper qualified as an expert witness on the general subject, his failure to use any articulable calculations considering the effect of several possibly relevant factors affected only the weight of his opinion, not its admissibility. Our supreme court explained:
"There are doubtless many formulas and principles which experts use in this field or any other to arrive at their ultimate opinions. The determination of which factors, formulas or calculations are nee-essary, ... to form an expert opinion is within the knowledge and judgment of the expert and, again, is a subject which can be approached and examined in the cross-examination or by bringing forward other expert witnesses."
Id. at 900 (emphasis added). It is not the trial court's function to dispute the validity of an opinion rendered by a competent and qualified expert. Once the basis for an expert's opinion is established, in the instant case the foundational testimony for admission of the poll, the effect of objections or competing expert testimony is restricted to the weight attributed to the opinion by the fact-finder.
[1190]*1190We emphasize the basis for an expert's opinion should exhibit professional acceptance and reliability. We would be hard-pressed to admit the opinion of an otherwise qualified expert who nevertheless relied on a Ouija board to compute the speed of a vehicle. There is an assumption that an expert's opinion is based on his or her particular expertise. Fed.R.Evid. 708, which was, in part, designed to facilitate admission of survey evidence, suggests the facts which form the basis for an expert opinion should be "of a type reasonably relied upon by experts in the particular field in forming opinions or inferences upon the subject" (emphasis added). If the data relied upon does not meet this criterion, the data must be independently admissible. Fed.R.Evid. 708. An otherwise properly conducted opinion poll, for example, must employ generally accepted techniques for discerning the data sought. The extent to which an expert's opinion is based upon his opinion as an expert must be distinguished from the extent to which an expert's opinion is based upon his opinion as an individual; the former merely affects the weight of an opinion while the latter may affect its admissibility.
In the instant case, we conclude the trial court erred by weighing and choosing between the opinions proffered by two qualified experts as to the validity of the polling techniques. Both Dr. Bell and Dr. Vargus were qualified as experts in surveying public opinion and the foundation testimony detailing the methodology employed by Dr. Bell comported with generally accepted survey techniques for discerning the data sought. The dispute centered only on whether Dr. Bell chose the most appropriate techniques, in Dr. Var-gus' opinion, to conduct this particular survey. Although Dr. Vargus may have chosen to employ additional or different standard techniques, the poll was nevertheless conducted in accordance with accepted survey methodology. A professional dispute between qualified experts does not provide a basis for exclusion of the poll. The State's objections and Dr. Vargus' testimony merely affected the poll's weight, not its admissibility. The survey was erroneously excluded.13
Judgment reversed and cause remanded for a new trial.14
[1191]*1191BUCHANAN, C.J., concurs.
SULLIVAN, J., concurs, with separate opinion.
Appendix A
After obtaining background on each respondent, the interviewer asked the following questions:
Thank you. Now I have just a few questions on the subject of community standards in Indiana. I only need your personal opinions, which will be held in confidence.
7. Do you personally think it is acceptable or not acceptable for the average adult to see any depiction of actual or pretended sexual activities shown in movies and publications that he or she wants to?
In your opinion, is it now all right or not all right in the state of Indiana for
8. adults who want to view them, to purchase magazines that show nudity and actual or pretended sexual activities?
9. movie theaters, restricting attendance to adults only, to show films that depict nudity and actual or pretended sexual activities for adults who want to attend?
10. bookstores that restrict admittance to adults to sell publications and movies depicting nudity and actual or pretended sexual activities for adults who want to go inside and buy them?
11. arcades that restrict admittance to '- adults only to show films that depict nudity and actual or pretended sexual activities?
*12. adults who want to, in the privacy of their homes, to see movies and publications that depict nudity and actual or pretended sexual activities?
183. Finally, we have used the phrases "nudity" and "sexual activities" in the interview. What we mean by these terms is total male and/or female nudity, and sexual intercourse including all kinds of sexual variation. Is that what you understood we meant, or did you think we meant something else?
The exclusion of questions 6 and 12 is not in issue. See supra note 2.