Sabow v. American Seafoods Co.

188 F. Supp. 3d 1036, 2016 A.M.C. 2291, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 157468, 2016 WL 6599653
CourtDistrict Court, W.D. Washington
DecidedMay 24, 2016
DocketCASE NO. C16-0111-JCC
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 188 F. Supp. 3d 1036 (Sabow v. American Seafoods Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, W.D. Washington primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

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Sabow v. American Seafoods Co., 188 F. Supp. 3d 1036, 2016 A.M.C. 2291, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 157468, 2016 WL 6599653 (W.D. Wash. 2016).

Opinion

ORDER

John C. Coughenour, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

This matter comes before the Court on Plaintiff Rodwan Sabow’s motion to dismiss counterclaims by Defendant American Seafoods Company (ASC) (Dkt. No. 9) and motion to compel ASC to pay maintenance (Dkt. No. 10). Having thoroughly considered the parties’ briefing and the relevant record, the Court finds oral argument unnecessary and hereby GRANTS the motions for the reasons explained herein.

I. BACKGROUND

Sabow began to experience back pain in February 2015 while working as a fish processer aboard an ASC vessel. (Dkt. No. 12 at 1.) On April 2, 2015, Sabow’s back pain became severe, and he ceased working. {Id. at 2.) Sabow remained on the vessel until April 11, 2015, when he returned to his home in Burien, Washington. m

[1039]*1039Sabow began treatment for his injury and continues to receive medical treatment at this time. (Id.) He underwent surgery ,on his back in February 2016. (Id.) ASC has paid for all of Sabow’s medical treatment thus far. (Id.)

ASC has also paid Sabow daily maintenance in the amount of $30.00, the rate set forth in his employment contract. (Id. at 2, 13.) However, Sabow’s room and board expenses exceed $30.00 per day. (Id. at 2, 18-22.) Sabow thus requested an increased daily maintenance amount of $37.90, based on his actual expenses. (Dkt. No. 11 at 2.) ASC rejected the request. (Id.)

On January 26, 2016, Sabow filed this suit, solely seeking an increase in maintenance. (Dkt. No. 1.) On February 4, Sa-bow’s counsel wrote a letter to defense counsel stating that Sabow was in dire financial straits and that filing of the maintenance issue alone should not be. construed as abandonment of a Jones Act claim. (Dkt. No. 11 at 5.) Rather, counsel explained, Sabow intentionally limited the scope of this action in the interest of swift resolution. (Id.)

On February 25, ASC counterclaimed for declaratory relief .on its liability for Jones Act negligence and unseaworthiness. (Dkt. No. 7.) Sabow now moves to dismiss ASC’s counterclaims and to compel ASC to pay maintenance at the increased daily amount of $37.97. (Dkt. No. 9 at 1; Dkt. No. 10 at 1.)

II. DISCUSSION

A. Motion to Dismiss

Sabow argues that ASC’s counterclaims should be dismissed; because they are precluded by a seaman’s right to have maintenance claims heard separately, barred by a seaman’s choice-of-forum privilege, and contrary to the purpose of the Declaratory Judgment Act, 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201-2202. (Dkt. No. 9 at 1.)

A party may move for dismissal when the opposing party “fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). To grant a- motion to dismiss, the court' must be able to conclude that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, even after accepting all factual allegations in the complaint as true and construing them in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. Fleming v. Pickard, 581 F.3d 922, 925 (9th Cir. 2009).

1. Bringing Maintenance Claims Separately

Sabow first argues that ASC’s claims for declaratory relief are barred by his right to have his maintenance claim heard separately from his Jones Act and unseaworthiness claims.. (Dkt. No. 9 at 4.) It is true that a seaman is not required to join all his claims in one action. Tate v. Am. Tugs, Inc., 634.F.2d 869, 871 (5th Cir. 1981); Pelotto v. L & N Towing Co., 604 F.2d 396, 402 n.14 (5th Cir. 1979); The Rolph, 299 F. 52, 55-56 (9th Cir. 1924). For example, seamen may choose to file separately because “a maintenance and cure claim is relatively uncomplicated, [meaning] it is occasionally wiser to try the action separately from the Jones Act or unseaworthiness claim that may also be available.” 1B-IV Benedict on Admiealty § 43 (2015). However, no case cited goes so far as to establish a right to separately trying the claims. While the Court appreciates Sabow’s purpose behind bringing a separate maintenance claim, the authority cited does not demonstrate that dismissal is appropriate under Rule 12(b)(6).

2. Choice-of-Forum Privilege

Sabow further argues that ASC’s claims run afoul of his choice-of-forum privilege. (Dkt. No. 9 at 6.) It is well-established that a seaman has the right to choose the forum in which his or .her Jones [1040]*1040Act claim is litigated. For example, Congress explicitly prohibited removal of Jones Act claims to federal court. 28 U.S.C.' § 1445(a); Gonsalves v. Amoco Shipping Co., 733 F.2d 1020, 1022 (2d Cir. 1984). Indeed, numerous courts have acknowledged a seaman plaintiffs right to decide whether to bring a Jones Act claim in state or federal court. See, e.g., Gonsalves, 733 F.2d at 1022; Gates Constr. Corp. v. Koschak, 792 F.Supp. 334, 337 (S.D.N.Y. 1992); Westar Marine Servs., Inc. v. Bayly, 2010 WL 1881093 at *1 (N.D. Cal. 2010 May 10, 2010); Anderson v. Great Lakes Dredge and Dock Co., 411 Mich; 619, 309 N.W.2d 539, 541 (Mich. 1981). It is further reasonable to conclude that this choice-of-forum privilege extends to unseaworthinéss claims. See McAllister v. Magnolia Petroleum Co., 357 U.S. 221, 225-26, 78 S.Ct. 1201, 2 L.Ed.2d 1272 (1958) (reasoning that, because Jones Act and unseaworthiness must be tried together, Jones Act statute of limitations applies to both);- Skaw v. Lady Pacific, Inc., 577 F.Supp. 2, 4 (D. Alaska 1983) (considering Jones Act and unseaworthiness claims together when determining whether to remand).

However, as ASC points out, Sabow has not cited authority where a court upheld a seaman’s choice-of-forum privilege as to a Jones Act claim after he or she already filed a maintenance claim in federal court.

(See Dkt. No. 19 at 7.) This appears to be a question of first impression. Ultimately, though, ASC’s filing has the effect of denying Sabow the ability to choose where his Jones Act claim is litigated. In light of this effect, the Court concludes that dismissal of ASC’s counterclaims is appropriate.

This outcome is in line with the approach taken by other district courts considering the choice-of-forum privilege under § 1445(a). For example, in Koschak, thé plaintiff brought a Jones Act suit in state court, after which the defendant sought declaratory judgment on the claim in federal court. 792 F.Supp. at 335. In deciding not to exercise jurisdiction over the defendant’s claim, the court reasoned that, “[m]ost importantly, proceeding with the declaratory judgment action would enable. defendant to circumvent the Jones Act’s removal prohibition.” Id. at 337.

Similarly, in

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188 F. Supp. 3d 1036, 2016 A.M.C. 2291, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 157468, 2016 WL 6599653, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/sabow-v-american-seafoods-co-wawd-2016.