Raymond Charles White v. State

395 S.W.3d 828, 2013 WL 627031, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 1736
Court of Appeals of Texas·Decided February 21, 2013·No. 02-11-00511-CR·Published·Cited by 26 cases

Opinion

OPINION

SUE WALKER, Justice.

I. Introduction

Appellant Raymond Charles White appeals his convictions for burglary of a habitation with intent to commit sexual assault (count one) and burglary of a habitation with intent to commit assault (count two). In five issues, he argues that his convictions violate double jeopardy, that the trial court erred by denying his motion to suppress and his motion for mistrial, and that the trial court’s charge on guilt-innocence was erroneous. We will vacate and dismiss the trial court’s judgment on count two as violative of double jeopardy and affirm the conviction for count one.

II. Factual and Procedural Background

Claire Buckholz and her six-year-old son were asleep in her bed in her Fort Worth house one night. She awoke to the sound of strange noises around 4:30 a.m. She opened her eyes and saw a man wearing dark clothing with a hoodie pulled over his head standing in the doorway of her bedroom. She screamed. The man jumped on top of Buckholz and punched her several times. When he began choking her, she bit his finger as hard as she could. He punched her in the face again. The man told Buckholz’s son to go to his room, but he would not leave his mother. The man began pulling off Buckholz’s pajama bottoms, and she stopped him by telling him that she had herpes. As the man was leaving, he took Buckholz’s cell phone. Buckholz and her son ran to the neighbor’s house and called 911.

Fort Worth police traced Buckholz’s cell phone activity to a house in southwest Fort Worth. Detective Felicia Cleveland went to that house and recovered the phone from Fernando Ruis, who said he got it from his son-in-law. The detective spoke to the son-in-law, as well as several other individuals who had possessed the phone, and ultimately traced it back to White. Police located White at a nearby park.

Detectives Cleveland and Sullivan went to the park to speak to White. They told him that they wanted to talk to him about a stolen cell phone and asked if he would go with them to the police station for questioning. They saw a band-aid on White’s finger. White agreed, but he asked to call his grandmother, whom he lived with, first. After calling his grandmother, White left with the detectives. They told him that he was not being arrested and that they would take him back to his grandmother’s house after the interview.

During the videotaped interview, which lasted about one hour, White initially denied burglarizing Buckholz’s home. He said he had cut his finger while watching a television program. White then admitted to going into Buckholz’s bedroom, putting his hand over her mouth to keep her from screaming, and taking her cell phone. He also admitted that Buckholz bit him. He denied attempting to sexually assault her. *832 The detectives took photographs of the cut on White’s finger. After the interview, the police returned White to his grandmother’s house. Police then obtained an arrest warrant and arrested him at the park about an hour and a half later.

Buckholz’s pajama bottoms tested positive for blood. DNA testing of the blood on the pajama bottoms revealed that White was a major contributor to the mixture.

White was indicted for one count of burglary of a habitation with intent to commit sexual assault and one count of burglary of a habitation with intent to commit assault. See Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 30.02(a), (c)(2), (d)(2) (West 2011). The State did not introduce evidence of White’s confession during its case-in-chief. After the defense called White’s grandmother to testify that White had been at home the night of the burglary, the State on rebuttal introduced evidence of White’s confession.

A jury convicted White of both counts, and after the jury was unable to reach a unanimous verdict on punishment, the trial court granted a mistrial on punishment. After a new trial on punishment before a new jury, the jury assessed White’s punishment at eighteen years’ confinement on each count. The trial court sentenced him accordingly, ordering that the sentences run concurrently.

III. Double Jeopardy Violation

In his second issue, White argues that his convictions of two counts of burglary of a habitation violated double jeopardy when only one offense of burglary of a habitation was committed. The State concedes that convicting White of two counts of burglary arising from the same act was a double jeopardy violation. See Ex parte Cavazos, 203 S.W.3d 333, 336-37 (Tex.Crim.App.2006) (holding that convictions for burglary of habitation with intent to commit theft and burglary of habitation with intent to commit sexual assault for same entry violated double jeopardy because the allowable unit of prosecution was the unlawful entry). Thus, we will address the appropriate remedy, that is, which of the two offenses should be vacated and dismissed and which should be retained as the “most serious offense.” See id. at 338.

When a defendant has been prosecuted and convicted in a single criminal action of two or more offenses that constitute the same offense, in violation of double jeopardy, the remedy is to apply “the most serious offense” test and retain the conviction for the “most serious” offense. Id. The “most serious” offense is the offense for which the greatest sentence was assessed. Id. (overruling Landers v. State, 957 S.W.2d 558, 559-60 (Tex.Crim.App.1997), which held that other factors— such as the degree of the felony, range of punishment, and rules governing parole eligibility and awarding of good-conduct time — should be used in that determination); see also Evans v. State, 299 S.W.3d 138, 141 (Tex.Crim.App.2009); Bigon v. State, 252 S.W.3d 360, 372-73 (Tex.Crim.App.2008).

But when, as here, the punishment for each conviction is identical, we cannot look to only the sentences imposed to determine the most serious offense. See Bigon, 252 S.W.3d at 373. In Bigon, faced with a situation similar to the one here, the court of criminal appeals looked at the degree of each offense in determining the most serious offense:

Only because the sentences are identical do we have to look to another criteria for determining which offense is the most serious. In this case, we look to the degree of felony for each offense. While the sentences assessed for each of the convictions on this case is the same, *833 felony murder is a first-degree felony, while intoxication manslaughter and manslaughter are second-degree felonies. As such, felony murder is clearly the most serious offense and we affirm the court of appeals’ decision to retain this conviction.

Id. 1

White urges a percentage-of-maximum-possible-punishment approach to determining which of the two offenses is the most serious in this case.

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Raymond Charles White v. State, 395 S.W.3d 828, 2013 WL 627031, 2013 Tex. App. LEXIS 1736 (Tex. Ct. App. 2013).

395 S.W.3d 828 (Raymond Charles White v. State) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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