Pikeville Coal Co. v. United States

37 Fed. Cl. 304, 79 A.F.T.R.2d (RIA) 502, 1997 U.S. Claims LEXIS 11, 1997 WL 21278
CourtUnited States Court of Federal Claims
DecidedJanuary 14, 1997
DocketNo. 95-81T
StatusPublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 37 Fed. Cl. 304 (Pikeville Coal Co. v. United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Court of Federal Claims primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Pikeville Coal Co. v. United States, 37 Fed. Cl. 304, 79 A.F.T.R.2d (RIA) 502, 1997 U.S. Claims LEXIS 11, 1997 WL 21278 (uscfc 1997).

Opinion

OPINION

ROBINSON, Judge:

This tax refund case is before the court on defendant’s motion to dismiss and plaintiffs’ motion for partial summary judgment.

Plaintiff, Pikeville Coal Company,1 seeks tax refunds for years 1978, 1979, and 1980. During the years in question, Pikeville was a wholly-owned domestic subsidiary of Stelco, Inc. (“Stelco”), a Canadian corporation. Plaintiff sold coal to Stelco. Plaintiff wants to correct the prices for which the coal was sold, thereby requiring a downward adjustment in its taxable income. The Internal Revenue Service (“I.R.S.”) adjusted the coal prices. Plaintiff asserts that the adjusted coal prices are too high and that there should be a greater downward adjustment in its taxable income than that given by the I.R.S. Defendant argues that plaintiff has failed to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. According to defendant, 26 U.S.C. § 4822 precludes plaintiff from reducing the prices at which it sold coal to its foreign parent. Plaintiff counters that section 482 is not the only applicable provision in this case. Plaintiff maintains that it seeks to correct a computational error.

The issues were fully briefed. Defendant filed a motion to dismiss on February 2, 1996, and plaintiff responded on March 7, [307]*3071996. Plaintiff also moved for partial summary judgment on March 7,1996, and defendant responded on April 15, 1996. Oral argument was held on October 22, 1996. For the reasons that follow, the court denies defendant’s motion to dismiss and denies plaintiffs motion for partial summary judgment.

Background

During the years 1978 through 1980, plaintiff was a wholly-owned domestic subsidiary of Stelco. In 1973, plaintiff and Steleo entered into an agreement, whereby plaintiff sold and delivered to Steleo high volatile metallurgical grade coal. The coal was produced from plaintiffs Chisholm Coal Mine in Pike County, Kentucky (“Chisholm coal”). Paragraph 3 in the agreement provided:

The price to be paid for coal delivered by Pikeville to Steleo hereunder for any twelve (12) month period commencing on the 1st day of January in each year during the term of this Agreement shall be determined by mutual agreement of the parties made on or before the 1st day of October immediately preceding such date, provided however that this date may be extended by mutual agreement. If during the term of this contract the parties are unable to agree on a price for any twelve (12) month period the price shall be that prevailing for the preceding twelve (12) month period.

Def.’s App. B at B4. The price Stelco paid plaintiff for the Chisholm coal was based on the quoted market price for coal produced from Pittston Coal Company’s Moss #3 mine.3 Stelco determined annually the price it paid plaintiff. Def.’s App. B at Bll. Stel-co notified Pikeville of the price and Pikeville agreed to it. Id. Stelco paid plaintiff $51.00 per ton in 1978, $51.00 per ton in 1979, and $52.00 per ton in 1980.

The I.R.S. audited plaintiffs federal income tax returns for 1978, 1979, and 1980. During the audit, plaintiff requested tax refunds because the price it charged Steleo for the Chisholm coal was in excess of fair market value. Bakker Aff., Pl.’s Ex. A. The Revenue Agent recommended that plaintiffs sale of coal to Stelco should be reported at the current market price. Def.’s App. B at B72. The current market price was determined by an I.R.S. National Office study of coal prices within plaintiffs market area. Id. Plaintiff took this pricing matter to the Assistant Commissioner (International) for the final determination of the coal prices. Def.’s App. B at B83. The Assistant Commissioner (International), in accordance with Internal Revenue Manual (“IRM”) 45(11)(25) (Rev. 11/24/87) and Delegation Order No. 173, has nationwide responsibility for resolving inter-company pricing issues as they relate to sections 482 and 6134 of the Internal Revenue Code. Id. Plaintiff supplied data to the I.R.S. as to the quality and quantity of the Chisholm coal sold to Stelco. The I.R.S. Assistant Commissioner (International) applied the data to its pricing study on coal transfer prices for the same period, arriving at the following estimated fair market prices per ton sold to Stelco: $45.49 per ton in 1978, $45.91 per ton in 1979, and $46.24 per ton in 1980.

On October 19, 1990, the I.R.S. District Director mailed plaintiff a report proposing adjustments for taxable years 1972 through 1980. The District Director proposed reducing plaintiffs income for the years 1978 through 1980 to reflect his conclusion that the sale of coal to Stelco should be reported at the current market price. On December 18, 1990, plaintiff submitted a protest to the District Director because the I.R.S.’s proposed downward adjustments to plaintiffs prices were not large enough. Def.’s App. B at B95.

On September 29, 1992, plaintiff and the I.R.S. entered into a Form 870-AD agreement agreeing, with reservations, on the amounts of tax deficiencies and overassess-ments for years 1972 through 1980. The agreement reserved for plaintiff the right to file a timely claim for refund or credit or to [308]*308prosecute a claim on the ground that the adjusted coal prices proposed by the I.R.S. were too high and that there should have been a greater downward adjustment in its taxable income. On September 30, 1992, plaintiff submitted tax refund claims for 1978, 1979, and 1980. Plaintiff asserted that the adjusted coal prices were too high.

On February 3, 1995, plaintiff filed a complaint seeking tax refunds for years 1978, 1979, and 1980. Plaintiff asserted that the price per ton for the Chisholm coal sold to Stelco should be $34.63 per ton in 1978, $38.43 per ton in 1979, and $40.75 per ton in 1980, Defendant then moved the court to dismiss plaintiff’s complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted pursuant to the Rules of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims (“RCFC”) 12(b)(4) and 56(b). Plaintiff opposed defendant’s motion to dismiss and moved for partial summary judgment.

Contentions of the Parties

Plaintiff argues that taxpayers and the government must correct errors made in good faith in filing tax returns. Plaintiff maintains that section 482 is not applicable to this case because the Commissioner did not exercise authority under that section. According to plaintiff, there is no evidence that a section 482 allocation was made. Plaintiff maintains that its complaint states a claim upon which relief can be granted because it seeks to correct a computational error.

Even if section 482 applies, plaintiff asserts that there is a genuine issue as to material fact. In this case, there is a disagreement as to the fair market value of the coal. Plaintiff further maintains that there is always a material question of fact as to reasonableness when the Commissioner makes a section 482 allocation.

Finally, plaintiff claims that section 482 is not the only applicable section of the Internal Revenue Code. Plaintiff requests the court to grant partial summary judgment on defendant’s claim that only section 482 is applicable in this case.

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37 Fed. Cl. 304, 79 A.F.T.R.2d (RIA) 502, 1997 U.S. Claims LEXIS 11, 1997 WL 21278, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/pikeville-coal-co-v-united-states-uscfc-1997.