The opinion of the court was delivered by
Wachenfeld, J.
The endeavor here is to reverse a judgment of the Appellate Division affirming a judgment of the County Court which in turn affirmed a determination by the Workmen’s Compensation Bureau concluding that the Bureau had jurisdiction over the petitioner’s claim and that it was not barred by the statute of limitations. There being a dissenting opinion in the Appellate Division, the appeal before us is one of right. R. R. 1:2-1 (6).
The employer contends the petitioner’s claim was filed too late and is barred by the two-year statute of limitations, thereby depriving the court of jurisdiction. The facts in the main are not disputed except as hereinafter noted.
The parties before the Bureau stipulated that the issue of jurisdiction should first be tried and decided before any proof was to be submitted regarding liability for the claimed injury.
The injury is alleged to have occurred on the 6th of December 1950, but the petition for compensation was not filed until the 24th of February 1954, approximately three years and three months after the incident itself. The delay is attributable to the circumstances narrated in the factual developments.
Under R. S. 34:15-51, every claimant for compensation must file his application within two years after the accident occurred, or where the employer has already paid a part of the compensation, then within two years after the last payment made. Medical treatment furnished by the employer to the employee is considered as compensation. Oldfield v. New Jersey Realty Co., 1 N. J. 63, 67 (1948).
[489]*489However, a mere medical examination to determine whether a compensable injury exists is not included within this rule. Sampson v. Thornton, 8 N. J. 415 (1952); Schwarz v. Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., 16 N. J. 243 (1954).
The employee “pulled his back” while using a large wrench as he was tightening a nut which caught, causing him to strain his back on December 6, 1950. Two days thereafter, on December 8, he was examined by Dr. Rucker, the plant physician, X-rays were taken, his back was “taped up” and diathermy treatments were supplied “twice a week” for “about seven or eight weeks.” During this period he saw Dr. Rucker “once a week.” This, from the record, is the petitioner’s testimony.
The company doctor denies he taped the petitioner’s back, and the appellant, although it does not concede the extent of treatments testified to by the petitioner, does admit he was treated by diathermy “from December 18, 1950 to December 27, 1950,” the number of times not being disclosed in the record. Following the diathermy applications at this time, the petitioner was “discharged from further treatments.”
Either “in the latter part of December 1951 or in the early part of 1952” the petitioner again visited the company dispensary and complained about his back. He had “a little pain in my back and my leg was numb, my left leg.” “It was bothering me. I could not work.” The dispensary sent the petitioner to the company doctor, Dr. Rucker. He “looked” at the petitioner and referred him to Dr. Policastro, and in the early part of March 1952 Dr. Policastro “examined” the petitioner. The examination is described by the petitioner as: “He was hitting me with rubber hammers all over.” When asked by the Deputy Director what Dr. Policastro did: “Did he give you any advice, treatments, or did he give you both?” the witness answered: “He gave me advice.”
Following this incident the petitioner was told by Miss Markham in the office that “they won’t give me any more [490]*490medical treatments.” Thereafter the petitioner was treated by his own doctor.
Dr. Policastro was not called as a witness. Dr. Rucker testified he saw the petitioner in April 1952. He was referred to him on April 8, 1952 in regard to a back injury. “He was examined by me and an examination showed a restricted trunk flexion to 70 degrees with some tenseness over the posterior aspect of the left side. He could complete the squat test. There was no restriction of extension or lateral bending of the trunk. I could find no spasm over the lumbosacral or the sacroiliac regions and he was not treated by me. I sent this man to Dr. Policastro for diagnosis only. That is the extent of my connection.”
He also denied treating the petitioner in December 1950, claiming that all he did was to take an X-ray. There was no notation on the record and he did not know who referred the petitioner to him and he had no record that the petitioner was receiving diathermy treatment at the plant. He admits he examined the petitioner on April 8, 1952, but he “felt it was more a neurological problem than orthopedic” and he therefore sent him to Dr. Policastro. He denies he received a report from Dr. Policastro, although admittedly he was the plant doctor in charge of treating individuals who were hurt at the plant.
Sampson v. Thornton, supra, seems dispositive of the issues here presented. As in that case, there is no justification for differentiating the visit in April 1952 from a series of medical consultations admittedly embracing treatments provided for by the company in 1950 and 1951. The latter visits are not to be considered in the abstract but in their propinquity to the previous course of conduct and surrounding circumstances.
Schwarz v. Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., supra, is not to the contrary. The record there clearly showed the examinations in question were for the purpose of determining “causal relationship which was the issue in the case.”
Here no such issue is presented. The respondent’s answer admits the petitioner sustained injury by accident arising [491]*491out of and in the course of his employment on the date alleged in the petition.
“Treatment” is a broad term covering all steps taken to effect a cure of the injury or disease. It includes examination and diagnosis as well as application of remedies. Hester v. Ford, 221 Ala. 592, 130 So. 203 (Ala. Sup. Ct. 1930); Sampson v. Thornton, supra.
The Deputy Director found:
“I am satisfied from a consideration of proofs that the respondent’s plant doctor saw the petitioner on April 8, 1952; that at that time the respondent, through its plant doctor, Dr. Bueker, referred the petitioner to Dr. Policastro for diagnosis. I cannot, however, agree with the respondent’s position that the actions of Dr. Rucker on April 8, 1952, did not represent the rendition of any medical treatment. * * * Dr. Rucker, on April 8, 1952, * * * did render and furnish to the petitioner advice and this is, in my opinion, as much medical treatment as though he had applied tape to the back or bandage or given actual administration of medication.”
At the county level the court held:
“I am in accord with the Rule of the Deputy Director that Dr. Rucker, both in December of 1950, and on April 8, 1952, rendered treatment to Hubert L. Pfahler, and that, while Dr. Rucker on the latter date did not actually prescribe or give any heat therapy or massage, he nevertheless rendered and furnished to the petitioner advice and, as a result of such advice, he sent petitioner to Dr. Policastro, a neurological specialist. When he did this he rendered medical treatment to the petitioner.”
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The opinion of the court was delivered by
Wachenfeld, J.
The endeavor here is to reverse a judgment of the Appellate Division affirming a judgment of the County Court which in turn affirmed a determination by the Workmen’s Compensation Bureau concluding that the Bureau had jurisdiction over the petitioner’s claim and that it was not barred by the statute of limitations. There being a dissenting opinion in the Appellate Division, the appeal before us is one of right. R. R. 1:2-1 (6).
The employer contends the petitioner’s claim was filed too late and is barred by the two-year statute of limitations, thereby depriving the court of jurisdiction. The facts in the main are not disputed except as hereinafter noted.
The parties before the Bureau stipulated that the issue of jurisdiction should first be tried and decided before any proof was to be submitted regarding liability for the claimed injury.
The injury is alleged to have occurred on the 6th of December 1950, but the petition for compensation was not filed until the 24th of February 1954, approximately three years and three months after the incident itself. The delay is attributable to the circumstances narrated in the factual developments.
Under R. S. 34:15-51, every claimant for compensation must file his application within two years after the accident occurred, or where the employer has already paid a part of the compensation, then within two years after the last payment made. Medical treatment furnished by the employer to the employee is considered as compensation. Oldfield v. New Jersey Realty Co., 1 N. J. 63, 67 (1948).
[489]*489However, a mere medical examination to determine whether a compensable injury exists is not included within this rule. Sampson v. Thornton, 8 N. J. 415 (1952); Schwarz v. Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., 16 N. J. 243 (1954).
The employee “pulled his back” while using a large wrench as he was tightening a nut which caught, causing him to strain his back on December 6, 1950. Two days thereafter, on December 8, he was examined by Dr. Rucker, the plant physician, X-rays were taken, his back was “taped up” and diathermy treatments were supplied “twice a week” for “about seven or eight weeks.” During this period he saw Dr. Rucker “once a week.” This, from the record, is the petitioner’s testimony.
The company doctor denies he taped the petitioner’s back, and the appellant, although it does not concede the extent of treatments testified to by the petitioner, does admit he was treated by diathermy “from December 18, 1950 to December 27, 1950,” the number of times not being disclosed in the record. Following the diathermy applications at this time, the petitioner was “discharged from further treatments.”
Either “in the latter part of December 1951 or in the early part of 1952” the petitioner again visited the company dispensary and complained about his back. He had “a little pain in my back and my leg was numb, my left leg.” “It was bothering me. I could not work.” The dispensary sent the petitioner to the company doctor, Dr. Rucker. He “looked” at the petitioner and referred him to Dr. Policastro, and in the early part of March 1952 Dr. Policastro “examined” the petitioner. The examination is described by the petitioner as: “He was hitting me with rubber hammers all over.” When asked by the Deputy Director what Dr. Policastro did: “Did he give you any advice, treatments, or did he give you both?” the witness answered: “He gave me advice.”
Following this incident the petitioner was told by Miss Markham in the office that “they won’t give me any more [490]*490medical treatments.” Thereafter the petitioner was treated by his own doctor.
Dr. Policastro was not called as a witness. Dr. Rucker testified he saw the petitioner in April 1952. He was referred to him on April 8, 1952 in regard to a back injury. “He was examined by me and an examination showed a restricted trunk flexion to 70 degrees with some tenseness over the posterior aspect of the left side. He could complete the squat test. There was no restriction of extension or lateral bending of the trunk. I could find no spasm over the lumbosacral or the sacroiliac regions and he was not treated by me. I sent this man to Dr. Policastro for diagnosis only. That is the extent of my connection.”
He also denied treating the petitioner in December 1950, claiming that all he did was to take an X-ray. There was no notation on the record and he did not know who referred the petitioner to him and he had no record that the petitioner was receiving diathermy treatment at the plant. He admits he examined the petitioner on April 8, 1952, but he “felt it was more a neurological problem than orthopedic” and he therefore sent him to Dr. Policastro. He denies he received a report from Dr. Policastro, although admittedly he was the plant doctor in charge of treating individuals who were hurt at the plant.
Sampson v. Thornton, supra, seems dispositive of the issues here presented. As in that case, there is no justification for differentiating the visit in April 1952 from a series of medical consultations admittedly embracing treatments provided for by the company in 1950 and 1951. The latter visits are not to be considered in the abstract but in their propinquity to the previous course of conduct and surrounding circumstances.
Schwarz v. Federal Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., supra, is not to the contrary. The record there clearly showed the examinations in question were for the purpose of determining “causal relationship which was the issue in the case.”
Here no such issue is presented. The respondent’s answer admits the petitioner sustained injury by accident arising [491]*491out of and in the course of his employment on the date alleged in the petition.
“Treatment” is a broad term covering all steps taken to effect a cure of the injury or disease. It includes examination and diagnosis as well as application of remedies. Hester v. Ford, 221 Ala. 592, 130 So. 203 (Ala. Sup. Ct. 1930); Sampson v. Thornton, supra.
The Deputy Director found:
“I am satisfied from a consideration of proofs that the respondent’s plant doctor saw the petitioner on April 8, 1952; that at that time the respondent, through its plant doctor, Dr. Bueker, referred the petitioner to Dr. Policastro for diagnosis. I cannot, however, agree with the respondent’s position that the actions of Dr. Rucker on April 8, 1952, did not represent the rendition of any medical treatment. * * * Dr. Rucker, on April 8, 1952, * * * did render and furnish to the petitioner advice and this is, in my opinion, as much medical treatment as though he had applied tape to the back or bandage or given actual administration of medication.”
At the county level the court held:
“I am in accord with the Rule of the Deputy Director that Dr. Rucker, both in December of 1950, and on April 8, 1952, rendered treatment to Hubert L. Pfahler, and that, while Dr. Rucker on the latter date did not actually prescribe or give any heat therapy or massage, he nevertheless rendered and furnished to the petitioner advice and, as a result of such advice, he sent petitioner to Dr. Policastro, a neurological specialist. When he did this he rendered medical treatment to the petitioner.”
The Appellate Division, speaking of the visit of April 8, 1952, said:
“Dr. Rucker examined him and referred him to Dr. Policastro for a neurological examination. After petitioner was examined by the neurologist he was told by the plant personnel office for the first time that he would receive no further treatments by the company. * * *
* * * the petitioner was entitled to regard the examination of April 8, 1952, as part of a continuous course of medical treatment in the absence of any disclaimer of liability by the employer. * * *
We reach the same conclusion as that reached by the Deputy Director, and incidentally by the County Judge, that the employer [492]*492did supply medical treatment to the petitioner on April 8, 1952, which constituted a payment of compensation within the meaning of the Act, and that, therefore, the petition was timely filed.”
The record justifies the factual interpretation already made in each of three lower tribunals and there is little to warrant our coming to a contrary conclusion.
Where two lower courts have considered the facts and reached concurrent findings, this court will not make a new and independent finding unless the error in the concurrent findings is so palpable that a new finding by us is necessary to insure essential justice. Midler v. Heinowitz 10 N. J. 123, 128 (1952).
The conclusions reached below and reiterated at three different judicial levels, from our examination of the record, spell out substantial justice and are basically in accord with our views.
The judgment below is affirmed.