Personis v. Oiler

714 F. Supp. 617, 1989 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 119, 1989 WL 61799
CourtDistrict Court, N.D. New York
DecidedJanuary 5, 1989
DocketNo. 88-CV-903
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 714 F. Supp. 617 (Personis v. Oiler) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, N.D. New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Personis v. Oiler, 714 F. Supp. 617, 1989 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 119, 1989 WL 61799 (N.D.N.Y. 1989).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM-DECISION AND ORDER

McAVOY, District Judge.

Background

This personal injury action arises out of an automobile accident on Interstate 90 in Herkimer County, New York, on September 26, 1985. Jurisdiction is predicated on diversity of citizenship: plaintiffs are citizens of Massachusetts; defendant Robert Oiler was, at the time of the accident, a citizen of Ohio; defendant Douglas K. Abel Leasing was, at the time of the accident, believed to be an Ohio corporation having its principal place of business in that state.

Plaintiffs filed their complaint on August 24, 1988, at which time the Clerk’s office issued the summons and returned it to plaintiffs’ attorney for service on defendants. On August 29, 1988, plaintiffs forwarded the summons and complaint to the Herkimer County sheriff. Claiming that defendant Douglas K. Abel Leasing was served by the Franklin County sheriff on September 29, and that attempts to serve defendant Robert Oiler have been unsuccessful, plaintiffs move for an order providing for alternative service on defendant Oiler pursuant to Rule 4(c)(2)(C)(i) and CPLR 308(5). Defendants have cross-moved to dismiss the entire action contending that they have not been timely served within the three-year period of limitations provided by CPLR 214, the applicability of which is not contested by plaintiffs. As will be explained more fully below, this action must be dismissed inasmuch as the claims asserted by plaintiffs have not been timely interposed.

Discussion

A.

Under Walker v. Armco Steel Corp., 446 U.S. 740, 100 S.Ct. 1978, 64 L.Ed.2d 659 (1980), although federal law determines when an action is commenced for the purpose of measuring time periods that begin to run from the date of commencement, id. at 750 and n. 10, 100 S.Ct. at 1985 and n. 10, in a diversity case state law determines when the applicable state statute of limitations has ceased to run and, hence, an action commenced, at least with respect to state law claims, id. at 751-753, 100 S.Ct. at 1985-1986. Under federal law, an action is commenced when the complaint is filed with the court. Fed. R.Civ.P. 3 (1988). Walker, however, instructs that Rule 3 does not supplant pertinent state laws respecting the commencement of a diversity action for statute of limitations purposes. Under applicable New York law, the relevant statute of limitations stops running when the plaintiff’s claim against the defendant is interposed, N.Y.Civ.Prac.L. & R. 203(a) (McKinney 1988), and, generally speaking, a claim asserted in a complaint is interposed against a defendant or a co-defendant united in interest with him when the summons is served upon that defendant, id. 203(b). Stated another way, satisfaction of the statute of limitations requires timely service of the summons on the defendant. Morrison v. Foster, 80 A.D.2d 887, 888, 437 N.Y.S.2d 371, 372 (2d Dep’t 1981) (satisfaction of the statute of limitations, requiring timely service of the summons on the defendant, should not be confused with acquisition of personal jurisdiction which requires appropriate service on that defendant). In a diversity case, again generally speaking, service of a summons and complaint may be effected in accordance with the methods prescribed in Rule 4 or as [619]*619permitted under state law. See Fed.R. Civ.P. 4(e). Service of the summons and complaint is not, however, directly an issue in the present case. And, most definitely, whether service of the summons and complaint, in accordance with Rule 4(e) and pertinent provisions of the CPLR, was appropriate for personal jurisdiction purposes is not an issue before the court. Rather, at issue is whether plaintiffs’ claims have been timely interposed for statute of limitations purposes.

Plaintiffs, in an attempt to avoid dismissal of this action, seek to avail themselves of the 60-day extension provided by CPLR 203(b)(5). That section provides as follows:

A claim asserted in the complaint is interposed against the defendant or a co-defendant united in interest with him when:
... [t]he summons is delivered to the sheriff of that county outside the city of New York or is filed with the clerk of that county within the city of New York in which the defendant resides, is employed or is doing business, or if none of the foregoing is known to the plaintiff after reasonable inquiry, then of the county in which the defendant is known to have last resided, been employed or been engaged in business, or in which the cause of action arose; or if the defendant is a corporation, of a county in which it may be served or in which the cause of action arose; provided that:
(i) the summons is served upon the defendant within sixty days after period of limitation would have expired but for this provision[.]

N.Y.Civ.Prac.L. & R. 203(b)(5) (McKinney Supp.1988). For the reasons that follow, the court believes that plaintiffs’ attempt to invoke that provision must be rejected. Simply stated, in the court’s view, CPLR 203(b)(5) is not applicable in federal diversity actions, an issue which the Second Circuit has previously declined to pass on. See Morse v. Elmira Country Club, 752 F.2d 35, 37 n. 3 (2nd Cir.1984) (court noting that in view of its holding it was declining to “pass on defendant’s argument that the 60 day extension does not apply under amended Rule 4”). Contrary to plaintiffs’ contention otherwise, Rule 4(e)(1), permitting resort to state procedures for service of a summons and complaint to acquire personal jurisdiction over a defendant, see Davis v. Musler, 713 F.2d 907, 913-914 (2nd Cir.1983), does not require a different result.

B.(l)

As an initial matter, it may be observed that CPLR 203(b)(5) does not by its terms apply in a diversity action because the persons referred to in that provision to whom a summons is to be delivered (i.e., the sheriff of a county outside the City of New York) or with whom the summons is to be filed (i.e., the clerk of a county within the City of New York) are neither in the service of the federal courts nor within the command of the federal courts. See Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Cervera, 524 F.Supp. 70, 73 (E.D.N.Y.1981); Nola Electric Co. v. Reilly, 93 F.Supp. 164, 170-171 (S.D.N.Y.1948), cited in Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Co., supra; cf. N.Y. Civ.Prac.L. & R. 203(b)(6) (indicating that for a court “not of record” summons should be delivered to the person who services that particular court), discussed in D. Siegel, Handbook on New York Practice § 47 at 49. The act of delivering the summons to the county sheriff, therefore, is a nullity.

New York County Law § 650(2) (McKinney Supp.1988), providing that, “[u]pon written request by the issuer thereof, the sheriff shall serve all civil process regardless of whether it has been issued by the court,” does not alter the court’s conclusion.

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Bluebook (online)
714 F. Supp. 617, 1989 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 119, 1989 WL 61799, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/personis-v-oiler-nynd-1989.