Perry v. Alabama Alcoholic Beverage Control Board

248 F. Supp. 3d 1246, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 47565
CourtDistrict Court, M.D. Alabama
DecidedMarch 30, 2017
DocketCASE NO. 2:11-CV-464-WKW
StatusPublished

This text of 248 F. Supp. 3d 1246 (Perry v. Alabama Alcoholic Beverage Control Board) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, M.D. Alabama primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Perry v. Alabama Alcoholic Beverage Control Board, 248 F. Supp. 3d 1246, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 47565 (M.D. Ala. 2017).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

W. Keith Watkins, CHIEF UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

This action is before the court on the mandate of the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals. On appeal from summary judgment entered in favor of the employer on all federal discrimination claims brought by former employees, including Kesia J. Perry (“Perry”), the Eleventh Circuit affirmed in part and vacated and remanded in part. One plaintiff (Perry), one defendant (the Alabama Alcoholic Beverage Control Board), and one claim (Title VII [1249]*1249retaliation) remain. The Eleventh Circuit’s judgment has issued as mandate; however, the ABC Board has filed a motion insisting that the mandate does not constrain this court because Perry did not plead the Title VII retaliation claim in the controlling complaint or argue the theory in the district court. The Alabama Alcoholic Beverage Control Board (“ABC Board”) also moves for summary judgment on the Title VII claim, asserting that this claim “was never a part of this lawsuit.” (Doc. # 185, at 39.) Alternatively, the ABC Board contends that, if this court permits the claim to go forward, then it is entitled to discovery. Perry, who now is proceeding pro se, filed a response in opposition. For the reasons that follow, the motion is due to be denied.

I. BACKGROUND

It is helpful to begin by sketching briefly the litigation' (and lack thereof) in the district court surrounding the Title VII retaliation claim that the Eleventh Circuit has held survives summary judgment. The claim is that the ABC Board retaliated against Perry for filing this lawsuit by promptly reassigning her a new supervisor, Andy Knight, who subjected her work to heightened scrutiny. A Title VII retaliation claim predicated on Knight’s alleged retaliatory supervision of Perry is not in the operative second amended complaint for the obvious reason that his supervision of Perry post-dates the amended pleading’s filing and, thus, had not yet occurred. While the operative complaint does set forth a Title VII retaliation claim, that claim does not allege that the filing of this lawsuit is the protected activity for which Perry suffered adverse action. At no time did Perry file a motion in the district court to amend the second amended complaint to add a Title VII retaliation claim based upon Knight’s alleged post-lawsuit retaliatory conduct, as this circuit generally requires. See Brown v. Snow, 440 F.3d 1259, 1266 (11th Cir. 2006) (holding that a Title VII retaliation claim was not properly before the court because, although the plaintiff “had not been fired when he filed his complaint, [the plaintiff] never amended his complaint to include a claim of retaliation based on his termination”).

Notwithstanding the nonexistence of the Title VII retaliation claim in Perry’s pleadings, evidence to support it is in the summary judgment record. During the discovery proceedings, Knight was deposed. Topics of questioning at his deposition included his supervision of Perry, his undisputed contemporaneous knowledge of Perry’s lawsuit, his superior’s implied directive to “get rid of’ Perry, and his superior’s ensuing praise when Knight fulfilled that directive. (See Doc. # 102-19; Doc. # 121-10.) By affidavit and at her deposition, Perry also reiterated the chronology of Knight’s supervision over her. (Doc. # 122-1, at 17-18 (Pl.’s Aff.); Doc. # 121-1 (Pl.’s Dep.).) Perry testified that she believed that the reassignment of Knight as her supervisor and the discipline he doled out (e.g., a counseling form) were retaliatory. (Doc. # 121, at 81, 85.) Moreover, the ABC Board submitted excerpts of Knight’s deposition in support of its motion for summary judgment, and those excerpts focused on the particulars of Knight’s supervision of Perry.1 (See Doc. # 102-19, at 1-38.)

The parties’ summary judgment briefs also included factual recitations of Knight’s post-suit supervision of Perry. In particular, the ABC Board acknowledged that Perry’s lawsuit was a protected activity [1250]*1250(Doc. # 104, at 19-20, 51) and noted (and then rebutted) the testimony of Knight that “he believed he was put in place to essentially retaliate against Plaintiff’ (Doc. # 104, at 24). In her brief opposing summary judgment, Perry also highlighted the circumstances of her job under Knight’s supervision. (Doc. # 120, at 27-31.) But Perry did not categorize the evidence of Knight’s close supervision that followed on the heels of this lawsuit as a discrete act of retaliation that supported an independent Title VII retaliation claim.2 Perry instead framed the evidence around a retaliatory hostile work environment claim (Doc. # 120, at 27-31, 47, 52), a claim that, ironically for the ABC Board, the district court rejected because Perry had not “move[d] to amend to add such claim.” (Doc. # 156, at 52-53.) The district court’s opinion on summary judgmént also does not analyze a separate Title VII retaliation claim that Knight’s post-lawsuit supervision of Perry was an act in retaliation for filing a lawsuit, and understandably so.3

On appeal of the adverse summary judgment ruling, for the first time, Perry’s attorney expressly raised a Title VII retaliation claim premised on Knight’s post-lawsuit supervision.4 Perry explained that, in July '2011, after having learned of Perry’s lawsuit, Human Resources Manager (Stan Goolsby) reassigned Knight to supervise Perry and instructed him “to keep a close watch on [her] and to use progressive discipline if necessary.” (Doc. # 185-1, at 10-11.) Goolsby conveyed to Knight his belief that Perry “would either hang herself or she would become so upset that she would quit.” (Doc. # 185-1, at 10-11.) Formulating her claim on appeal, Perry argued that Goolsby’s directives to Knight, which occurred one month after she filed her lawsuit, and the ensuing disciplinary actions Knight imposed on her supported a Title VII retaliation claim. (Doc. # 185-1, at 27-28.) The ABC Board countered that Perry’s failure in.-the district, court to raise a claim that “her placement under Andy Knight’s direction constituted an act of retaliation” amounted to a waiver, but that, alternatively, Knight’s supervision of Perry was not an adverse employment action. Perry, No. 13-14897-E (11th Cir. Feb. 12, 2014) (Appellee’s Br., at 55-56).

Opining that “Knight’s close supervision of [Perry] was an act of retaliation,” the Eleventh Circuit held that “a genuine issue of material fact exist[ed] as to whether the ABC [Board] retaliated against Perry after she filed her lawsuit.” (Doc. # 174, at 21, 25.) It reasoned that, “[b]ased on the close temporal proximity between the filing of Perry’s complaint and the subsequent disciplinary activity, a reasonable jury could conclude that Perry would not have been closely watched and then disciplined by Knight in the absence of her protected activity.” (Doc. # 174, at 25.) The Eleventh Circuit described the “disciplinary activity” as embracing (1) Knight’s counseling of Perry concerning her “punctuality, cooperation with coworkérs, and compliance with the ABC Board’s rules,” (2) a written reprimand, and (3) a suspension. (Doc. # 174, at 24-25.) Accordingly, the Eleventh Circuit “reverse[d] and remand[ed] with respect to Perry’s retaliation claim.” (Doc. # 174, at 25.) The decision did not mention the ABC Board’s waiver argument.

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Bluebook (online)
248 F. Supp. 3d 1246, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 47565, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/perry-v-alabama-alcoholic-beverage-control-board-almd-2017.