People v. Manzanillo

145 Misc. 2d 504, 546 N.Y.S.2d 954, 1989 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 679
CourtCriminal Court of the City of New York
DecidedOctober 24, 1989
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 145 Misc. 2d 504 (People v. Manzanillo) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Criminal Court of the City of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Manzanillo, 145 Misc. 2d 504, 546 N.Y.S.2d 954, 1989 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 679 (N.Y. Super. Ct. 1989).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

Harvey Glasser, J.

The defendant is charged with sexual abuse in the third [505]*505degree (Penal Law § 130.55) and endangering the welfare of a child (Penal Law § 260.10 [1]). The defendant has brought a supplemental motion for an order to compel the District Attorney to produce the "psychiatric, mental health and/or special education records” of the complainant, who is a 14-year-old remedial student at a special education high school.

The defendant does not allege that any specific type of information would be found in the complainant’s school files or other records. The request is said to be based on a conversation with "a representative of the Special Education Department” of the New York City Board of Education who informed defense counsel that a remedial student in the special education program "could be experiencing any number of problems ranging from emotional and psychological disorders, to learning disabilities”, and that all such students undergo "a series of psychological and social worker evaluations” administered by the Board of Education.

The defendant claims such records are Brady material, arguing that once the People have "hinted” at the existence of any mental or emotional condition, the defendant and the jury are entitled to know of any such condition so as to be able to evaluate the witness’ credibility and ability to perceive and recall facts.

The People counter that they do not possess or have control over any of complainant’s educational records, and, thus, they have no obligation to turn them over. Further, it is asserted, such records are privileged, and, in any event, that conversations with the complainant and his mother reveal that he has a learning disability, not "mental problems”. Moreover, the mother is adamant about protecting the complainant’s privacy; she would not even reveal the name of his school.

This case presents the novel issue of whether the defendant, without making a showing that it is reasonably likely that the records in question will be relevant or material, may be granted access to the records of psychological and social worker evaluations of the complainant performed by the special education program of the New York City Board of Education.

The defendant does not allege that the records contain any prior statements by the complainant to psychologists or social workers employed by the Board of Education regarding the incident being charged. Thus, the defendant explains that this is not a request for Rosario material. (Rosario held that the [506]*506defense is entitled to the prior statement of a witness "[a]s long as the statement relates to the subject matter of the witness’ testimony and contains nothing that must be kept confidential” [People v Rosario, 9 NY2d 286, 289 (1961)].) Instead, the defendant claims that, having made a specific and relevant request, he is entitled to the complainant’s records because they are exculpatory material, pursuant to Brady.

Brady v Maryland (373 US 83, 87-88 [1963]) held that the prosecution may not suppress any evidence favorable to the accused if it is material to either guilt or punishment. "It is equally true that '[w]hen the "reliability of a given witness may well be determinative of guilt or innocence”, nondisclosure of evidence affecting credibility falls within this general rule.’ ” (People v Cwikla, 46 NY2d 434, 441 [1979], quoting Giglio v United States, 405 US 150, 154.)

Although a witness with a mental disease or defect is not automatically disqualified from testifying, where a key witness has a mental illness, the jury must be allowed to consider that illness to properly assess and evaluate the testimony given. (People v Rensing, 14 NY2d 210, 212 [1964] [defendant was entitled to a new trial after it was discovered that the codefendant, the only witness to implicate defendant, had been suffering from a "longstanding mental illness”, because the jurors had been misled into accepting the testimony as that of a normal person].)

This, of course, does not mean that all complainants or witnesses who testify against the defendant in a criminal proceeding must be exposed to having all their medical, personnel, school, and/or other records open to the scrutiny of defense counsel in case some information may surface that could be used to impeach the testimony of that witness.

The courts have recognized that where privileged, or even very personal, information is requested by the defense, a "tension exist[s] between the rights of an accused to confront and cross-examine adverse witnesses and the interests of every witness to be free from having his private life made an 'open book’ ” (People v Grosunor, 108 Misc 2d 932, 940 [Crim Ct, Bronx County 1981]). There is a public interest in encouraging those reporting crimes to come forward (supra, at 939-940). " 'If every witness faced the prospect of having his entire privileged personal life examined by counsel and then paraded before the public, we would find ourselves looking long, hard and perhaps fruitlessly’ ” for those who would [507]*507come forward to testify (supra, at 940, quoting People v Has-son, 86 Misc 2d 781, 784-785 [Sup Ct, Richmond County 1976]). "Indeed, entitlement to access [to privileged files] on no more than a bare allegation that the inspection is sought as fodder for an untracked attack on credibility would render the principle of confidentiality meaningless for all practical purposes.” (People v Gissendanner, 48 NY2d 543, 549-550 [1979].)

Where the key prosecution witness has had a history of mental illness, the courts have held that the confidentiality of the physician-patient relationship must yield to the defendant’s constitutional due process rights. (See, People v Maynard, 80 Misc 2d 279 [Sup Ct, NY County 1974]; People v Lowe, 96 Misc 2d 33 [Crim Ct, Bronx County 1978].)

In People v Maynard (80 Misc 2d 279, 284, supra) the verdict was set aside because the prosecution withheld or failed to seek out evidence of the principal identifying witness’ "long and continuous history of psychiatric treatment and commitment” and sexual degeneracy. Because the mental condition brought into question the witness’ "accurateness, perception, truthfullness and susceptibility to suggestion”, without knowledge of the condition the . jury could not have properly evaluated the testimony (supra, 80 Misc 2d, at 288).

Similarly in People v Lowe (96 Misc 2d 33), at the preliminary hearing the complainant, who was the sole eyewitness, testified that he had suffered brain injury during World War II, and that he had difficulty thinking and remembering. Subsequently, it was discovered that the complainant had been hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital and that psychiatric evaluations had been performed on him at a Veterans’ Administration hospital. The court ordered disclosure of the medical records.

Both Maynard and Lowe (supra) considered the fact that there is a statutory privilege prohibiting disclosure of communications between a physician and a patient. Although Lowe held that the complainant had waived the privilege by testifying in detail as to his condition (supra,

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Bluebook (online)
145 Misc. 2d 504, 546 N.Y.S.2d 954, 1989 N.Y. Misc. LEXIS 679, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-manzanillo-nycrimct-1989.