People v. Kutlak

2016 CO 1, 364 P.3d 199, 2016 WL 145495
CourtSupreme Court of Colorado
DecidedJanuary 11, 2016
DocketSupreme Court Case 13SC499
StatusPublished
Cited by41 cases

This text of 2016 CO 1 (People v. Kutlak) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Colorado primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Kutlak, 2016 CO 1, 364 P.3d 199, 2016 WL 145495 (Colo. 2016).

Opinions

JUSTICE MARQUEZ

)delivered the | Opinion of the Court.

T1 Westminster pohce arrested Levent Ray Kutlak after he had a physical altercation with members of his wife's family. Detective Russ Johnson interviewed Kutlak at the police station.: After he was read his Miranda rights, Kutlak stated that he had a personal lawyer and asked, "(Clan we get him down here now, or ..,?" Detective Johnson responded that "it may be difficult" to get in touch with the attorney and that "[i]t may be something we have to do later. It's entirely up to you." Moments later, Kutlak stated that he was going to "take a dice roll" and talk with the detective, Kutlak signed a Miranda waiver and proceeded to make incriminating statements legardmg the incident. e

[201]*20112 Kutlak later moved to suppress the statements he made in the interview with Detective Johnson. The trial court denied Kutlak's motion and a jury subsequently convicted him of child abuse, first degree erimi-nal trespass, and two counts of third degree assault. The court of appeals reversed the judgment of conviction and remanded for a new trial, concluding that the trial court erred in denying Kutlak's motion to suppress his statements. The court reasoned that Kutlak unambiguously invoked his right to counsel during the interview and that, because the initial interview never stopped, Kutlak could not have reinitiated further communication with Detective Johnson. The court declined to reach Kutlak's remaining contentions on appeal.

T8 We granted the People's petition for writ of certiorari and now reverse the court of appeals. We first clarify that, in determining whether a suspect in custody has made an unambiguous request for counsel, the proper standard under Davis v. United States, 512 U.S. 452, 459, 114 S.Ct. 2350, 129 L.Ed.2d 862 (1994), is whether "a reasonable police officer in the would understand the statement to be a request for an attorney." Applymg this standard, we hold, based on our independent review of the video-recorded interrogation, that Kutlak did not unambiguously and unequivocally invoke his right to counsel. Because Kutlak did not actually invoke his right to counsel, and because he otherwise validly waived his Miranda rights before making incriminating statements to the detective, his statements should not have been suppressed. Accordingly, we reverse the judgment of the court of appeals and remand with instructions to address Kutlak's remaining contentions on appeal.

I. Facts and Procedural History

T4 At 2:43 am. on May 22, 2008, Westminster police were dispatched on a report of a stabbing that took place during an altercation between Kutlak and his wife's family, The police arrested Kutlak and brought him to the Westminster Police Department. Detective Johnson contacted Kutlak at the station around 8:80 a.m. and conducted an interrogation. | The interrogation lasted approximately an hour and was both audio- and video-recorded.1 It is undisputed that Detective Johnson properly advised Kutlak of his rights pursuant to Miranda v. Ari sona, 884 U.S. 486, 444, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 LEd2d 694 (1966), including the right to have counsel present during the custodial interrogation. Immediately after the Miranda advisement, the followmg exchange occurred:

Johnson: Do you understand your rights as I have explained them to you?
Kutlak: Yes.
Johnson: Okay. Do you have any questions about them?
Kutlak: Uh . if I, I have- /
Johnson: J ust about what your rights are: Do you have any questions about-
Kutiak: Yeah, I do, I do have a lawyer.
Johnson: Okay.
Kutlak: A personal lawyer.
Johnson: Okay.
Kutlak: He's on retainer,
Johnson: Okay.
Kutlak: Um [sigh] ... I mean ,.. like .. can we get him down here now, or ...?
Johnson: It may be difficult, I mean, it's; it's difficalt to get in touch with him. It | may be something we have -to do later. It's entirely up to you.
Kutlak: Is there any way of a long shot, that, I mean ... we can work this out, and I can go home today or something?
Johnson: You know, I can't answer that question for you right now. I don't know the answer to that question right now. But what I need to know is, if you, if you do wanna- .
Kutlak: I mean, I'm gonna take a dice roll, I'm gonna take a dice roll and I'm gonna talk to you guys. I mean, I'm not going to lie to you. I'm not going to do anythmg like that. I just..
[202]*202Johnson: Okay.
Kutliak: I mean-
Johnson: 'Well I need you to be one-hundred percent certain and one-hundred percent comfortable with doing that. It's-
Kutlak: Yeah, definitely. If I stop feeling comfortable, I'll ask to stop.
Johnson: Okay, you certainly can at any time stop this interview if you wish to. Um, so you do understand your rights?
Kutlak: Yes sic. .
Johnson: And with those rights in mind you're willing to answer questions with me at this time?
Kutlak: Yes sic.

Kutlak thereafter signed a Miranda waiver form and made incriminating statements about the incident.

15 Kutlak later moved to suppress the statements he made to Detective Johnson. At the hearing on Kutlak's motion, the prosecution argued that Kutlak's statements were "not an unambiguous request for counsel," but rather represented a "strategic decision" by Kutlak to secure his release from jail. Tr. Hr'g 39:7-8, Dec. 12, 2008; see also id. at 40:8-6.

T6 The trial court denied Kutlak's motion to suppress. It observed that Kutlak's invocation of his right to counsel "was, to some extent, ambiguous at that point in time," noting that Kutlak "never said he wanted a lawyer prior. to questioning" and "never clearly iterated that he did not want to speak to ... the officer without the presence of counsel." Id. at 44:2-9, The court nevertheless concluded that Kutlak's statements were sufficient to invoke his right to counsel prior to questioning. However, the court found that Detective Johnson did not interrogate Kutlak after this invocation; rather, Kutlak reinitiated communication with Detective Johnson and waived his right to counsel. The trial court concluded that Kutlak's constitutional rights were not violated and thus declined to suppress the statements.

T7 The court of appeals reversed. People v. Kutiak, No. 09CA1627, 2018 WL 2285855 (Colo.App. May 23, 2018). Kutlak argued to the court of appeals that the People had conceded that Kutlak's statements amounted to an unambiguous request for counsel. In response to questioning during oral arguments, the People did not disagree that Kut-lak's statements were an invocation of his right to counsel. Nevertheless, the court of appeals did not rely on the People's apparent concession, but rather conducted its own independent analysis.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
2016 CO 1, 364 P.3d 199, 2016 WL 145495, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-kutlak-colo-2016.