2024 IL App (3d) 230668
Opinion filed February 9, 2024 ____________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
THIRD DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ) Appeal from the Circuit Court ILLINOIS, ) of the 12th Judicial Circuit, ) Will County, Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, ) ) v. ) Circuit No. 23-CF-1952 ) TREVOR W. CRAWFORD, ) Honorable ) David Carlson & Daniel Rippy, Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding. ____________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE HETTEL delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Presiding Justice McDade and Justice Holdridge concurred in the judgment. ____________________________________________________________________________
OPINION
¶1 On October 24, 2023, defendant, Trevor W. Crawford, was charged with stalking (Class
4) (720 ILCS 5/12-7.3(a)(1), (b) (West 2022)) and two counts of criminal damage to property
(Class 4 and Class A) (id. § 21-1(a)(1), (d)(1)(B), (F)) for acts occurring more than seven months
earlier. The State filed a verified petition to deny pretrial release, alleging defendant was charged
with stalking, his release posed a real and present threat to the safety of the victim of the alleged
offense under section 110-6.1(a)(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 (725 ILCS 5/110-
6.1(a)(2) (West 2022)), and denial of release was “necessary to prevent fulfillment of the threat
upon which the charge is based.” ¶2 The factual basis provided that on March 14, 2023, officers were dispatched in reference
to an allegation of criminal damage to property. They spoke to the victim, I.S., who indicated
that she had ongoing issues with her ex-boyfriend, defendant, and that she believed he was
responsible for slashing the tires on her vehicle. She indicated that he attempted to FaceTime her
36 times and tried to call her numerous times, and she did not answer. She believed that he
slashed her tired because he was upset with her. She also indicated that he had slashed her tires
on March 9, 2023, while she was at work and that on February 24, 2023, he had followed her to
work, yelled at her about sleeping with other men, and would not exit her vehicle when she
asked him to. Surveillance video corroborated the February 24 incident. Surveillance video also
showed a tall figure with dark clothes approach her car on March 14. Defendant’s vehicle was
captured on camera following I.S.’s vehicle on February 24 and in the vicinity of her work on the
other two dates. I.S. stated that she had an order of protection against defendant previously but
had not renewed it based on fear. A pretrial risk assessment indicated that defendant was a level
4 risk, with level 6 being the highest possible risk. Defendant had a pending case for unlawful
restraint, interference with the reporting of domestic violence, and assault in McHenry County
from May 19, 2023, and a pending case in Lake County from February 16, 2023, for domestic
battery. Defendant had convictions in Texas for assault (2017) and murder (2015).
¶3 A hearing was held on the petition on November 3, 2023. The State provided the factual
basis and criminal history and argued that defendant was a threat to I.S. Defense counsel argued
that, since these events transpired, I.S. obtained an order of protection against defendant and
there had been no violations. He was working two jobs and had moved to Round Lake, Illinois,
while I.S. lived in Lansing. Defendant also had a baby on the way with a different individual.
2 The court asked if the pending cases in Lake and McHenry Counties dealt with the same victim,
and counsel indicated that they did not.
¶4 The court stated, “I will be honest with you, I don’t know why it took so long to charge
the case, but, [defendant], I am concerned based upon the pattern looking back at your history
and the fact that you have two cases currently pending dealing with the same kind of issues.”
Defendant indicated that he was trying to turn his life around and was in therapy and doing
community service. The court said it would order continued detention. Defendant asked if he
could be placed on electronic monitoring so that he could work. The court denied his request
stating that it was “responsible to answer to the community as well.” The court further said,
“This is what they have given us, kind of an all or nothing approach to things. I don’t think that
would satisfy my concern at least at this time.”
¶5 Defendant appeared again on November 15, 2023. The court asked counsel if a detention
hearing had been held. When counsel indicated that one had, the court asked if there had been
any change in circumstances. Counsel stated that there had not. The court then stated, “Without
change of circumstances, the Court will stand by the original findings *** to detain the
defendant.”
¶6 On appeal, defendant contends that the court abused its discretion in granting the petition
to detain. At the outset, we note that defendant’s notice of appeal states that the order appealed
from is the November 15, 2023, order. However, this notice of appeal was sufficient to allow us
to consider the November 3, 2023, order as “notices of appeal are to be liberally construed and
*** they ‘confer jurisdiction even if the order was not expressly mentioned in the notice of
appeal, if that order was “a ‘step in the procedural progression leading’ ” to the judgment which
was specified in the notice of appeal.’ ” In re Marriage of Arjmand, 2024 IL 129155, ¶ 27
3 (quoting In re Marriage of O’Brien, 2011 IL 109039, ¶ 23, quoting Burtell v. First Charter
Service Corp., 76 Ill. 2d 427, 435 (1979), quoting Elfman Motors, Inc. v. Chrysler Corp., 567
F.2d 1252, 1254 (3d Cir. 1977)).
¶7 We consider factual findings for the manifest weight of the evidence, but the ultimate
decision to grant or deny the State’s petition to detain is considered for an abuse of discretion.
People v. Trottier, 2023 IL App (2d) 230317, ¶ 13. Under either standard, we consider whether
the court’s determination is arbitrary or unreasonable. Id.; see People v. Horne, 2023 IL App
(2d) 230382, ¶ 19.
¶8 Everyone charged with an offense is eligible for pretrial release, which may only be
denied in certain situations. 725 ILCS 5/110-2(a), 110-6.1 (West 2022). The State must file a
verified petition requesting the denial of pretrial release. Id. § 110-6.1. The State then has the
burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence (1) the proof is evident or presumption great
that defendant committed a detainable offense, (2) defendant poses a real and present threat, and
(3) no conditions could mitigate this threat or risk of flight. Id. § 110-6.1(e). When determining a
defendant’s dangerousness and the conditions of release, the statute includes a nonexhaustive list
of factors the court can consider. Id. §§ 110-6.1(g), 110-5.
¶9 Here, the State petitioned to detain defendant based on the stalking charge, which
requires a substantially different standard than other offenses. When a defendant is charged with
any offense other than stalking or aggravating stalking, the State must prove “the defendant’s
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2024 IL App (3d) 230668
Opinion filed February 9, 2024 ____________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
THIRD DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ) Appeal from the Circuit Court ILLINOIS, ) of the 12th Judicial Circuit, ) Will County, Illinois, Plaintiff-Appellee, ) ) v. ) Circuit No. 23-CF-1952 ) TREVOR W. CRAWFORD, ) Honorable ) David Carlson & Daniel Rippy, Defendant-Appellant. ) Judge, Presiding. ____________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE HETTEL delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Presiding Justice McDade and Justice Holdridge concurred in the judgment. ____________________________________________________________________________
OPINION
¶1 On October 24, 2023, defendant, Trevor W. Crawford, was charged with stalking (Class
4) (720 ILCS 5/12-7.3(a)(1), (b) (West 2022)) and two counts of criminal damage to property
(Class 4 and Class A) (id. § 21-1(a)(1), (d)(1)(B), (F)) for acts occurring more than seven months
earlier. The State filed a verified petition to deny pretrial release, alleging defendant was charged
with stalking, his release posed a real and present threat to the safety of the victim of the alleged
offense under section 110-6.1(a)(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 (725 ILCS 5/110-
6.1(a)(2) (West 2022)), and denial of release was “necessary to prevent fulfillment of the threat
upon which the charge is based.” ¶2 The factual basis provided that on March 14, 2023, officers were dispatched in reference
to an allegation of criminal damage to property. They spoke to the victim, I.S., who indicated
that she had ongoing issues with her ex-boyfriend, defendant, and that she believed he was
responsible for slashing the tires on her vehicle. She indicated that he attempted to FaceTime her
36 times and tried to call her numerous times, and she did not answer. She believed that he
slashed her tired because he was upset with her. She also indicated that he had slashed her tires
on March 9, 2023, while she was at work and that on February 24, 2023, he had followed her to
work, yelled at her about sleeping with other men, and would not exit her vehicle when she
asked him to. Surveillance video corroborated the February 24 incident. Surveillance video also
showed a tall figure with dark clothes approach her car on March 14. Defendant’s vehicle was
captured on camera following I.S.’s vehicle on February 24 and in the vicinity of her work on the
other two dates. I.S. stated that she had an order of protection against defendant previously but
had not renewed it based on fear. A pretrial risk assessment indicated that defendant was a level
4 risk, with level 6 being the highest possible risk. Defendant had a pending case for unlawful
restraint, interference with the reporting of domestic violence, and assault in McHenry County
from May 19, 2023, and a pending case in Lake County from February 16, 2023, for domestic
battery. Defendant had convictions in Texas for assault (2017) and murder (2015).
¶3 A hearing was held on the petition on November 3, 2023. The State provided the factual
basis and criminal history and argued that defendant was a threat to I.S. Defense counsel argued
that, since these events transpired, I.S. obtained an order of protection against defendant and
there had been no violations. He was working two jobs and had moved to Round Lake, Illinois,
while I.S. lived in Lansing. Defendant also had a baby on the way with a different individual.
2 The court asked if the pending cases in Lake and McHenry Counties dealt with the same victim,
and counsel indicated that they did not.
¶4 The court stated, “I will be honest with you, I don’t know why it took so long to charge
the case, but, [defendant], I am concerned based upon the pattern looking back at your history
and the fact that you have two cases currently pending dealing with the same kind of issues.”
Defendant indicated that he was trying to turn his life around and was in therapy and doing
community service. The court said it would order continued detention. Defendant asked if he
could be placed on electronic monitoring so that he could work. The court denied his request
stating that it was “responsible to answer to the community as well.” The court further said,
“This is what they have given us, kind of an all or nothing approach to things. I don’t think that
would satisfy my concern at least at this time.”
¶5 Defendant appeared again on November 15, 2023. The court asked counsel if a detention
hearing had been held. When counsel indicated that one had, the court asked if there had been
any change in circumstances. Counsel stated that there had not. The court then stated, “Without
change of circumstances, the Court will stand by the original findings *** to detain the
defendant.”
¶6 On appeal, defendant contends that the court abused its discretion in granting the petition
to detain. At the outset, we note that defendant’s notice of appeal states that the order appealed
from is the November 15, 2023, order. However, this notice of appeal was sufficient to allow us
to consider the November 3, 2023, order as “notices of appeal are to be liberally construed and
*** they ‘confer jurisdiction even if the order was not expressly mentioned in the notice of
appeal, if that order was “a ‘step in the procedural progression leading’ ” to the judgment which
was specified in the notice of appeal.’ ” In re Marriage of Arjmand, 2024 IL 129155, ¶ 27
3 (quoting In re Marriage of O’Brien, 2011 IL 109039, ¶ 23, quoting Burtell v. First Charter
Service Corp., 76 Ill. 2d 427, 435 (1979), quoting Elfman Motors, Inc. v. Chrysler Corp., 567
F.2d 1252, 1254 (3d Cir. 1977)).
¶7 We consider factual findings for the manifest weight of the evidence, but the ultimate
decision to grant or deny the State’s petition to detain is considered for an abuse of discretion.
People v. Trottier, 2023 IL App (2d) 230317, ¶ 13. Under either standard, we consider whether
the court’s determination is arbitrary or unreasonable. Id.; see People v. Horne, 2023 IL App
(2d) 230382, ¶ 19.
¶8 Everyone charged with an offense is eligible for pretrial release, which may only be
denied in certain situations. 725 ILCS 5/110-2(a), 110-6.1 (West 2022). The State must file a
verified petition requesting the denial of pretrial release. Id. § 110-6.1. The State then has the
burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence (1) the proof is evident or presumption great
that defendant committed a detainable offense, (2) defendant poses a real and present threat, and
(3) no conditions could mitigate this threat or risk of flight. Id. § 110-6.1(e). When determining a
defendant’s dangerousness and the conditions of release, the statute includes a nonexhaustive list
of factors the court can consider. Id. §§ 110-6.1(g), 110-5.
¶9 Here, the State petitioned to detain defendant based on the stalking charge, which
requires a substantially different standard than other offenses. When a defendant is charged with
any offense other than stalking or aggravating stalking, the State must prove “the defendant’s
pretrial releasee poses a real and present threat to the safety of any person or persons or the
community.” Id. § 110-6.1(a)(1), (1.5), (3)-(7). However, when the charge is stalking or
aggravated stalking, the State must prove “that the defendant’s pre-trial release poses a real and
present threat to the safety of a victim of the alleged offense, and denial of release is necessary to
4 prevent fulfillment of the threat upon which the charge is based.” Id. § 110-6.1(a)(2). Unlike
every other offense, where the court can consider whether the defendant poses a threat to the
safety of “any person or persons or the community” (see id. § 110-6.1(a)(1), (1.5), (3)-(7)), for a
charge of stalking or aggravated stalking, the court can only consider whether the defendant
poses a threat to the safety of “a victim of the alleged offense” (see id. § 110-6.1(a)(2)).
¶ 10 The evidence presented by the State did not show that defendant continued to be a threat
to I.S. or that no conditions were available to “prevent fulfillment of the threat upon which the
charge is based.” See id. Defendant allegedly stalked I.S. in February and March 2023, but these
charges were not filed until more than seven months later at the end of October. In the interim,
I.S. had received an order of protection against defendant, which defendant had not violated in
the months since it was put in place. Defendant had moved far away from I.S., was seeing a new
woman, and had a baby on the way. There was no indication that defendant was still a threat to
I.S. Had the State pursued charges against defendant earlier, the result may have been different.
¶ 11 Here, the State sought detention under the stalking provision, which required defendant to
be a threat to the specific victim, as opposed to the community as a whole. See id. By the court’s
comments, it appears that it considered defendant a threat to the community, which is an
insufficient basis for pretrial detention for a stalking offense. We find that the court abused its
discretion in detaining defendant. We, therefore, remand for the court to determine which
conditions to impose and to release defendant.
¶ 12 The judgment of the circuit court of Will County is reversed and remanded.
¶ 13 Reversed and remanded.
5 People v. Crawford, 2024 IL App (3d) 230668
Decision Under Review: Appeal from the Circuit Court of Will County, No. 23-CF-1952; the Hon. David Carlson and the Hon. Daniel Rippy, Judges, presiding.
Attorneys James E. Chadd and Carolyn R. Klarquist, of State Appellate for Defender’s Office, of Chicago, for appellant. Appellant:
Attorneys Patrick Delfino and David J. Robinson, of State’s Attorneys for Appellate Prosecutor’s Office, of Springfield, for the People. Appellee: