People ex rel. Johnson v. Superintendent, Fishkill Correctional Facility

47 Misc. 3d 984, 9 N.Y.S.3d 761
CourtNew York Supreme Court
DecidedMarch 3, 2015
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 47 Misc. 3d 984 (People ex rel. Johnson v. Superintendent, Fishkill Correctional Facility) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New York Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People ex rel. Johnson v. Superintendent, Fishkill Correctional Facility, 47 Misc. 3d 984, 9 N.Y.S.3d 761 (N.Y. Super. Ct. 2015).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

Peter M. Forman, J.

In 2007, relator Thomas Johnson was convicted after trial of one count of assault in the second degree, a class D violent felony, in violation of Penal Law § 120.05 (2). That conviction arose from an incident in which relator grabbed the victim from behind, dragged her into a bedroom, choked her with his hands and with a leather belt, and caused her to lose consciousness and suffer physical injuries. On September 10, 2007, relator was sentenced, as a second violent felony offender, to a determinate term of imprisonment of seven years. On September 13, 2007, relator’s sentence was amended to add a five-year period of postrelease supervision.

On November 7, 2007, relator entered a plea of guilty by superior court information to one count of sexual abuse in the [986]*986second degree, a class A misdemeanor, in violation of Penal Law § 130.60 (2). That conviction arose from an alleged six-month period of sexual abuse involving a five-year-old girl. Relator was sentenced to a one-year term of imprisonment upon that conviction. Relator was also designated a level three sex offender pursuant to the New York State Sex Offender Registration Act (Correction Law art 6-C).

On August 15, 2013, relator was released to postrelease supervision upon the maximum expiration of his prison term. On September 11, 2013 (i.e., less than one month after his release), relator was declared delinquent because he temporarily changed his residence without notifying his parole officer. On September 16, 2013, a parole violation warrant was executed and relator was returned to custody pending a final revocation hearing. Upon the completion of that hearing, a final declaration of delinquency was entered against relator, and a 12-month time assessment was imposed.

That 12-month assessment expired on September 16, 2014. However, the Department of Corrections and Community Supervision (the Department) did not release relator on that date because he did not have a postrelease residence that complied with the requirements of the Sexual Assault Reform Act of 2000 (SARA). Relator remained in custody at the Ogdensburg Correctional Facility until November 17, 2014, when he was transferred to the residential treatment facility (RTF) at the Fishkill Correctional Facility. Relator remains in custody at the Fishkill RTF pending identification of an approved, SARA-compliant residence.

Relator now seeks habeas corpus relief on the grounds, inter alia, that he is entitled to be released to the Bellevue men’s homeless shelter pending his reassignment to a SARA-compliant homeless shelter or another form of SARA-compliant housing. Relator also asserts that the Department does not have the statutory authority to place him at the Fishkill RTF more than six months after his prison term has expired, and that his placement at the Fishkill RTF cannot be deemed to have restored him to postrelease supervision. Finally, relator asserts that the Fishkill RTF does not qualify as an RTF because it is not a community-based residence, it is not in or near the community where relator intends to live upon his release, and it does not provide the services offered by a legitimate RTF.

The Department opposes this application on the grounds, inter alia, that SARA prohibits the Department from approv[987]*987ing the release of a level three sex offender to a noncompliant residence such as the Bellevue shelter. The Department also asserts that Correction Law § 73 expressly authorizes the Commissioner to use an RTF as a residence for a person who is on postrelease supervision, and that the six-month period identified in Penal Law § 70.45 (3) does not apply when the Commissioner places a level three sex offender in an RTF because the offender has failed to obtain SARA-compliant housing. The Department also disputes relator’s claim that the Fishkill RTF is not a legitimate RTF. Finally, the Department asserts that habeas corpus relief is not available because relator is not entitled to immediate release.

Discussion

When a level three sex offender is subject to a period of post-release supervision, Executive Law § 259-c (14) compels the Department to impose a mandatory condition of release prohibiting the offender from living within 1,000 feet of any public or private elementary, parochial, intermediate, junior high, vocational or high school (“the school grounds condition”). The statute does not exempt homeless shelters from compliance with the school grounds condition.1

It is undisputed that the Bellevue shelter is less than 1,000 feet from a SARA-protected school. Nonetheless, relator seeks an order compelling the Department to release him to the Bellevue shelter because, until recently, the Department had placed registered sex offenders at that shelter despite the fact that it is not SARA-compliant.2

Relator essentially seeks to estop the Department from curing its prior noncompliance with the school grounds condition. However, it is well settled that the doctrine of estoppel does not prevent a governmental entity from correcting its past errors. (Oxenhorn v Fleet Trust Co., 94 NY2d 110, 116 [1999]; Matter of Parkview Assoc, v City of New York, 71 NY2d 274, 282 [1988]; Morley v Arricale, 66 NY2d 665, 667 [1985].) This does not suggest that the Department’s prior policy of placing level three sex offenders at the Bellevue shelter is irrelevant. Rather, when an agency adopts a new policy that seeks to rectify a prior, erroneous interpretation of the law, that new [988]*988policy must be supported by the statute’s language and legislative intent. (Matter of United Univ. Professions v State of New York, 36 AD3d 297, 302 [3d Dept 2006]; see also Matter of Richardson v Commissioner of NY City Dept, of Social Servs., 88 NY2d 35, 39-40 [1996].)

Here, the plain language of the school grounds condition precludes the Department from placing level three sex offenders at the Bellevue shelter. The Department’s current refusal to house level three sex offenders at that shelter is entirely consistent with SARA’s legislative intent of protecting the public by prohibiting sex offenders from entering school grounds. Therefore, relator’s request for an order compelling the Department to release him to the Bellevue shelter pursuant to an abandoned policy that violated the mandatory statutory school grounds condition is denied.

Relator’s second argument — that the Department cannot place him in an RTF more than six months after his prison term has expired — relies on Penal Law § 70.45 (3). Specifically, that statute authorizes the parole board to impose a condition of postrelease supervision requiring a person to be held in a residential treatment facility for a period of time not exceeding the six-month period immediately following his release from the underlying term of imprisonment.

Correction Law § 73 (10) authorizes the Commissioner to use an RTF as a residence for a person who is on postrelease supervision. Although that statute does not incorporate the six-month time limit set forth in Penal Law § 70.45, relator argues that Penal Law § 70.45 would be rendered meaningless unless a six-month time limit was also applied to the Commissioner’s authority under Correction Law § 73.

However, neither Correction Law § 73 nor Penal Law § 70.45 can be read in a vacuum, particularly with respect to level three sex offenders.

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Related

Joseph v. Cuomo
E.D. New York, 2022
People ex rel. Lucien v. Superintendent, Fishkill Corr. Facility, N.Y.S. DOCCS
2021 NY Slip Op 00314 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2021)
Matter of Williams v. Department of Corr. & Community Supervision
136 A.D.3d 147 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2016)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
47 Misc. 3d 984, 9 N.Y.S.3d 761, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-ex-rel-johnson-v-superintendent-fishkill-correctional-facility-nysupct-2015.