Peo v. Mitchell

CourtColorado Court of Appeals
DecidedJuly 17, 2025
Docket23CA0086
StatusUnpublished

This text of Peo v. Mitchell (Peo v. Mitchell) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Colorado Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Peo v. Mitchell, (Colo. Ct. App. 2025).

Opinion

23CA0086 Peo v Mitchell 07-17-2025

COLORADO COURT OF APPEALS

Court of Appeals No. 23CA0086 Boulder County District Court No. 21CR98 Honorable Thomas F. Mulvahill, Judge

The People of the State of Colorado,

Plaintiff-Appellee,

v.

Sheridan Orlando Jauques Mitchell,

Defendant-Appellant.

JUDGMENT AFFIRMED

Division VI Opinion by JUDGE SULLIVAN Tow and Yun, JJ., concur

NOT PUBLISHED PURSUANT TO C.A.R. 35(e) Announced July 17, 2025

Philip J. Weiser, Attorney General, Leo T. Nguyen, Assistant Attorney General Fellow, Denver, Colorado, for Plaintiff-Appellee

Megan A. Ring, Colorado State Public Defender, Joseph Paul Hough, Deputy State Public Defender, Denver, Colorado, for Defendant-Appellant ¶1 Defendant, Sheridan Orlando Jauques Mitchell, appeals the

judgment of conviction entered on a jury verdict finding him guilty

of three counts of possession with intent to sell or distribute a

controlled substance and three counts of unlawful possession of a

controlled substance. We affirm.

I. Background

¶2 Mitchell, while on parole, escaped from a community

placement program. The Department of Corrections’ Fugitive

Apprehension Unit, with assistance from the United States

Marshals Service and other law enforcement agencies, investigated

his escape. At the time, Mitchell had three active arrest warrants.

¶3 Officers eventually located Mitchell at a residence in Lafayette

by using cell site location information, known colloquially as

“pinging” Mitchell’s cell phone. After Mitchell exited the residence

and entered a vehicle, officers contacted Mitchell and placed him

under arrest. Officers then searched Mitchell and the vehicle,

finding a firearm, $2,648 in cash, and various amounts of

methamphetamine, cocaine, and oxycodone pills.

¶4 Before trial, Mitchell filed (1) multiple motions to suppress

evidence based on officers allegedly violating his Fourth

1 Amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches and

seizures and (2) a motion to dismiss for alleged discovery violations

after the Marshals Service failed to disclose requested cell site

location information. The district court denied Mitchell’s motions.

¶5 The district court also granted two requests by the prosecution

to continue the trial date, one due to the unavailability of two

prosecution witnesses and one due to the prosecutor contracting

COVID-19 a week before trial.

¶6 On appeal, Michell asserts that the district court erred by (1)

denying his motions to suppress evidence; (2) denying his motion to

dismiss for discovery violations; and (3) violating his statutory right

to a speedy trial. We address each contention in turn.

II. Fourth Amendment

¶7 Mitchell contends that the district court erred by denying his

motions to suppress, arguing that law enforcement officers’

warrantless “pinging” of his cell phone and search of his vehicle

violated his Fourth Amendment right to be free from unreasonable

searches and seizures. We aren’t persuaded.

2 A. Applicable Law and Standard of Review

¶8 The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution

provides that “[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons,

houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and

seizures, shall not be violated.” See also Colo. Const. art. II, § 7.

¶9 But this prohibition against unreasonable searches and

seizures doesn’t apply with the same force to parolees as it does to

others. See Samson v. California, 547 U.S. 843, 855 (2006); People

v. McCullough, 6 P.3d 774, 777 (Colo. 2000). Parolees have a

“substantially diminished expectation of privacy” because the state

possesses an overwhelming interest in supervising parolees to

reduce recidivism. Samson, 547 U.S. at 853, 855. As a result, a

suspicionless search of a parolee, when authorized by state law, is

generally considered reasonable under the totality of the

circumstances. See id. at 846; United States v. Mathews, 928 F.3d

968, 976 (10th Cir. 2019).

¶ 10 Colorado law reflects this understanding of a parolee’s

diminished rights under the Fourth Amendment. For example,

Colorado law generally prohibits government entities from obtaining

location information regarding a person’s electronic device without

3 a warrant, subpoena, or court order, § 16-3-303.5(2), C.R.S. 2024,

but this restriction doesn’t apply to the division of adult parole

within the Department of Corrections, § 16-3-303.5(4).

¶ 11 Similarly, like the California law discussed in Samson,

Colorado law requires that an offender eligible for parole agree to

certain conditions before being granted parole. See § 17-2-

201(5)(f)(I), C.R.S. 2024. A prospective parolee must, for example,

sign a written agreement in which they agree, among other things,

to “allow the community parole officer to make searches of the

parolee’s person, residence, or vehicle.” § 17-2-201(5)(f)(I)(D); see

also In re Miranda, 2012 CO 69, ¶ 13 (“[P]arole officers may search

parolees’ persons, residences, or vehicles unannounced, without a

warrant, and without reasonable suspicion.”). A warrantless parole

search under this provision is constitutional, even in the absence of

“reasonable grounds,” if the search is (1) conducted pursuant to

4 any applicable statute and (2) not arbitrary, capricious, or

harassing.1 McCullough, 6 P.3d at 781.

¶ 12 We review a trial court’s ruling on a motion to suppress as a

mixed question of law and fact. People v. Alameno, 193 P.3d 830,

834 (Colo. 2008). “[W]e defer to the trial court’s factual findings so

long as there is sufficient evidence in the record to support those

findings, but we review the trial court’s legal conclusions de novo.”

Id.

B. Analysis

¶ 13 Based on Mitchell’s substantially reduced expectation of

privacy as a parolee, we perceive no error in the district court’s

orders denying his motions to suppress evidence.

¶ 14 We first turn to whether the officers’ “pinging” of Mitchell’s cell

phone and subsequent search of his vehicle were performed

pursuant to any applicable statute. See McCullough, 6 P.3d at 781.

For purposes of our analysis, we will assume, without deciding, that

1 The court in People v. McCullough, 6 P.3d 774, 781 (Colo. 2000),

also imposed a third requirement — that the search be performed in furtherance of the purposes of parole. The United States Supreme Court, however, later rejected that requirement in United States v. Knights, 534 U.S. 112, 116-18 (2001). See People v. Samuels, 228 P.3d 229, 234 n.1 (Colo. App. 2009).

5 “pinging” a cell phone to obtain its real-time location information

constitutes a search under the Fourth Amendment. See People v.

Licona-Ortega, 2022 COA 27, ¶ 19 (making this same assumption).

¶ 15 In opposing Mitchell’s suppression motions, the prosecution

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Related

United States v. Knights
534 U.S. 112 (Supreme Court, 2001)
People v. Bischofberger
724 P.2d 660 (Supreme Court of Colorado, 1986)
People v. Koolbeck
703 P.2d 673 (Colorado Court of Appeals, 1985)
People v. Goodpaster
742 P.2d 965 (Colorado Court of Appeals, 1987)
People v. Castro
854 P.2d 1262 (Supreme Court of Colorado, 1993)
People v. Alameno
193 P.3d 830 (Supreme Court of Colorado, 2008)
People v. Roberts
146 P.3d 589 (Supreme Court of Colorado, 2006)
People v. Daley
97 P.3d 295 (Colorado Court of Appeals, 2004)
People v. McCullough
6 P.3d 774 (Supreme Court of Colorado, 2000)
People v. Scialabba
55 P.3d 207 (Colorado Court of Appeals, 2002)
People v. Samuels
228 P.3d 229 (Colorado Court of Appeals, 2009)
People v. Franco
74 P.3d 357 (Colorado Court of Appeals, 2002)
People v. Lee
18 P.3d 192 (Supreme Court of Colorado, 2001)
People v. Perez
201 P.3d 1220 (Supreme Court of Colorado, 2009)
Delacruz v. People
2017 CO 21 (Supreme Court of Colorado, 2017)
People v. Bueno
2018 CO 4 (Supreme Court of Colorado, 2018)
United States v. Mathews
928 F.3d 968 (Tenth Circuit, 2019)
In re Lucy & Meresa
2020 CO 68 (Supreme Court of Colorado, 2020)
v. Stone
2021 COA 104 (Colorado Court of Appeals, 2021)
In re Miranda
2012 CO 69 (Supreme Court of Colorado, 2012)

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