Pennsylvania Life Insurance v. Pavlick

637 N.E.2d 1160, 202 Ill. Dec. 424, 265 Ill. App. 3d 526
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedJune 30, 1994
Docket1-93-1961
StatusPublished
Cited by33 cases

This text of 637 N.E.2d 1160 (Pennsylvania Life Insurance v. Pavlick) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Pennsylvania Life Insurance v. Pavlick, 637 N.E.2d 1160, 202 Ill. Dec. 424, 265 Ill. App. 3d 526 (Ill. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinion

JUSTICE THEIS

delivered the opinion of the court:

This case involves interpretation of certain commission contracts in which defendants-appellants, Michael Pavliek and Gregory Jansen, agreed to sell insurance for plaintiffs, two affiliated insurance companies known as Pennsylvania Life Insurance Company and Executive Fund Life Insurance Company (referred to collectively as the Companies). According to the compensation schedule included in defendants’ branch manager agreements with the Companies, commissions were to be calculated as a percentage of the net profits generated by certain business received by the Companies. Subsequent written amendments to the agreements added "business codes” to which additional commissions would be paid, but these amendments lacked explicit language stating that commissions would be based on a percentage of net profits. Defendants filed a counterclaim against the Companies, seeking recovery of commissions based on a percentage of the business received by the Companies on certain insurance policies, or "premiums.” The trial court granted the Companies’ motion for summary judgment on the counterclaim, finding that the amendments were not ambiguous and that the amendments required payment of commissions based on a percentage of net profits.

The issue before this court is whether the commissions were to be calculated on the basis of net profits or on the basis of premiums. We agree with the trial court that the commissions were to be based upon net profits and affirm.

FACTUAL BACKGROUND

Defendants Michael Pavlick and Gregory Jansen began working with Pennsylvania Life Insurance Company and Executive Fund Life Insurance Company as sales agents in 1978 and were promoted to the position of branch managers in the early 1980s. Upon becoming branch managers, Pavlick and Jansen individually executed manager agreements with each company. The agreements authorized Pavlick and Jansen to recruit, appoint, and train sales agents to sell the Companies’ policies. The agreements consisted of printed contracts supplied by the Companies, customized with typed language inserted in the blanks.

The agreements contained a compensation schedule describing how the Companies would calculate defendants’ commissions. The Companies had divided their business into different regions, each of which corresponded to a numerical code. The compensation schedule identified those regions or codes for which a manager would receive commissions. Each printed compensation schedule contained blanks in which the parties could specify the commission percentages and applicable business codes:

"3. Manager shall receive_percent (_%) of the profits, as defined below, of the business coded__”

After signing the manager agreements, the parties executed a series of written amendments to the agreements. The amendments increased a manager’s compensation by adding new codes upon which he or she would be paid commissions. Like the original manager agreements, these amendments consisted of printed forms signed by a representative of the Companies and either Jansen or Pavlick. Each of the one-page amendments contained a typewritten paragraph which specified the date when the amendment became effective and the percentage of commission due on a designated business code.

Between April 1983 and October 1984, Jansen and the Companies signed six amendments. One such amendment provided:

"Effective April 1, 1983 GREGORY JANSEN shall participate in TWENTY percent (20%) of the net profits, or loss, on business coded 004877 (Operation Share-Homewood, II) in accordance with terms and conditions provided in Branch Manager Agreement.”

Pavlick did not sign any amendments during this time period.

Between October 1984 and August 1988, Jansen and the Companies entered into 15 additional amendments. Pavlick signed two amendments in November 1988. Unlike the manager agreements and the first six amendments which Jansen signed, the post-October 1984 amendments did not explicitly state that commissions would be based on a percentage of net profits. Instead, these amendments provided that the commissions would be based on a percentage of business received by the Companies on certain insurance policies. One such amendment provided:

"Effective February 1, 1987 #3 of Compensation Schedule of Branch Manager Agreement shall include: TEN Percent (10%) of business coded 005884.”

Pavlick and Jansen voluntarily terminated their relationship with the Companies in July 1990 and September 1990, respectively.

In April 1991, the Companies filed a two-count complaint against Jansen and Pavlick, alleging breach of contract and tortious interference with contractual relations. The complaint alleged in part that defendants violated certain post-employment restrictive covenants not to compete against the Companies by soliciting customers and sales agents away from the Companies. Defendants responded by filing a counterclaim for an accounting of commissions which the Companies allegedly owed them. Defendants alleged that their respective compensation schemes entitled them to receive commissions on a percentage of the "business” or "premiums” received by the Companies on certain insurance policies.

The parties then filed cross-motions for summary judgment. The Companies argued that the manager’s agreements and amendments provided that any commissions due and payable to defendants would be based upon a percentage of resulting or net profits, and not "premiums” or "business.” Defendants contended that they were entitled to a percentage of "business” the Companies received on codes identified in the amendments.

The trial court granted the Companies’ motion for summary judgment and denied defendants’ motion. In announcing his decision, the trial judge explained that the amendments were unambiguous 1 and that they required payment of commissions based on a percentage of net profits. Defendants now appeal from the trial court’s ruling.

DISCUSSION

Defendants first contend that the court erred in denying their cross-motion for summary judgment on the issue of liability, and in granting the Companies’ summary judgment motion. Summary judgment is proper when the pleadings, affidavits, and other evidence on file viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmovant demonstrate that there is no issue of material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 110, par. 2 — 1005; Omnitrus Merging Corp. v. Illinois Tool Works, Inc. (1993), 256 Ill. App. 3d 31, 34, 628 N.E.2d 1165, 1168.) The construction of a contract is a question of law for the trial judge and thus suitable for summary judgment. (Omnitrus Merging, 256 Ill. App. 3d at 34, 628 N.E.2d at 1168.) Where the trial judge has determined the construction of a contract as a matter of law, this court’s standard of review is de nova and we may interpret the contract independently of the trial court’s judgment. Bank of Ravenswood v. Polan (1993), 256 Ill. App.

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Bluebook (online)
637 N.E.2d 1160, 202 Ill. Dec. 424, 265 Ill. App. 3d 526, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/pennsylvania-life-insurance-v-pavlick-illappct-1994.