(PC) Mwasi v. Shittu

• Court: District Court, E.D. California
• Decided: September 1, 2023
• Docket: 1:23-cv-00364
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 KING MWASI, No. 1:23-cv-00364-ADA-BAM (PC) 12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS THAT THE FEDERAL CLAIMS BE 13 v. DISMISSED, WITH PREJUDICE, FOR 14 SHITTU, et al., FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM AND THE COURT DECLINE TO EXERCISE 15 Defendants. SUPPLEMENTAL JURISDICTION OVER STATE LAW CLAIMS 16 (Doc. 12) 17 FOURTEEN (14) DAY DEADLINE 18 19 20 Plaintiff King Mwasi is a state prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis in this 21 civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The Court screened Plaintiff’s complaint, and he 22 was granted leave to amend. Plaintiff’s first amended complaint is currently before the Court for 23 screening. (ECF No. 12.) 24 I. Screening Requirement and Standard 25 The Court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a 26 governmental entity and/or against an officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. 27 § 1915A(a). Plaintiff’s complaint, or any portion thereof, is subject to dismissal if it is frivolous 28 1 or malicious, if it fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or if it seeks monetary 2 relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915A(b). 3 A complaint must contain “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the 4 pleader is entitled to relief . . . .” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). Detailed factual allegations are not 5 required, but “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere 6 conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citing Bell 7 Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). While a plaintiff’s allegations are taken as 8 true, courts “are not required to indulge unwarranted inferences.” Doe I v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 9 572 F.3d 677, 681 (9th Cir. 2009) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). 10 To survive screening, Plaintiff’s claims must be facially plausible, which requires 11 sufficient factual detail to allow the Court to reasonably infer that each named defendant is liable 12 for the misconduct alleged. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (quotation marks omitted); Moss v. U.S. Secret 13 Serv., 572 F.3d 962, 969 (9th Cir. 2009). The sheer possibility that a defendant acted unlawfully 14 is not sufficient, and mere consistency with liability falls short of satisfying the plausibility 15 standard. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (quotation marks omitted); Moss, 572 F.3d at 969. 16 II. Plaintiff’s Allegations 17 Plaintiff is currently housed at San Quentin State Prison. Plaintiff alleges that the events 18 in the first amended complaint occurred while he was housed at North Kern State Prison 19 (“NKSP”). Plaintiff names as defendants: (1) Dr. Adekunle Shittu, Chief Physician and surgeon, 20 (2) J. Jeter, Associate Warden, (3) Ted Kubicki, Medical CEO, and (4) Fite-Barker, RN, (5) Does 21 1-10, (6) North Kern State Prison, (7) California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, 22 (8) Dr. James Chau, doctor, (9) Dr. Amen Zenahly, dentist, (10) RN Etrata, optometrist RN, (11) 23 Guard Marquez, (12) Janet Meda, DNP-FNP-C, and (13) B. Johnson, CCII, 602 coordinator. 24 On 5/24/18, Plaintiff was transferred to NKSP. At Plaintiff’s previous facility, Plaintiff 25 was a CCP (chronic care patient) with various severe and serious medical conditions such as 26 hearing and speech defects, orthopedic issues, painful injuries to ankles, nerve damage, hip, knee 27 and shoulder pain, among other issues. Pursuant to Plata v. Newsom, when transferring between 28 prisons, the receiving prison is supposed to continue the same care, appointments, and specialists. 1 Throughout Plaintiff’s stay at NKSP (5/24/18 through August 2019), Defendants violated the 2 decree including by Defendant Shittu and Kubicki. 3 Plaintiff alleges that a wide-spread conspiracy to deny medical care existed among all the 4 defendants who knowingly committed deliberate acts of misconduct which violated Plaintiff’s 5 rights. Plaintiff was retaliated against when he filed complaints and medical care worsened. 6 Problems started when Plaintiff arrived at NKSP because of discrepancies involving 7 Plaintiff’s hearing impairment. NKSP is not designated as a prison for hearing impaired and no 8 special accommodations are made. Staff does not have experience with this disability. Inmates 9 use methods to communicate with Plaintiff, like speaking slowly, using hand signals, write notes, 10 etc. Staff observing these interactions think Plaintiff can understand okay. 11 About a week after his arrival at NKSP, Plaintiff was trying to communicate with an 12 inmate he knew. Defendant Fite-Barker and an unknown staff misinterpreted what they were 13 observing about Plaintiff and called Kubicki who also watched Plaintiff. Kubicki concluded, 14 based on that flawed perception, Plaintiff could hear. He started telling staff not to accommodate 15 Plaintiff. 16 Plaintiff was unaware of this conspiracy for several months. Plaintiff learned that the sign 17 language interpreter was instructed to rescind Plaintiff’s hearing impaired status, and Dr. James 18 Chou was also told the same. From then on, staff had “license” to abuse Plaintiff based on the 19 erroneous observations of Plaintiff. Once this started, the lie took a life of its own, and all 20 Defendants blindly followed. “Defendant their erroneous perceptions to commit civil rights 21 violations, clouding medical judgments and ultimately deny medical care to Plaintiff.” Plaintiff 22 was denied treatment and “ADA” accommodation. 23 In claim 1, Plaintiff alleges violations of the First, Fourth, Eighth, and Fourteenth 24 Amendments, and state torts for intentional torts, negligence, intentional infliction of emotional 25 distress, and ADA violations. Plaintiff alleges as follows. 26 Plaintiff alleges Defendants denied ADA accommodations for his hearing disability 27 simply because they did not believe or understand his symptoms. Defendant NKSP and CDCR 28 were aware of Plaintiff’s disability yet did not transfer him to a hearing impaired medical facility. 1 Defendant Fite-Barker, Kubicki and others erroneously made wildly false conclusions that 2 Plaintiff did not have any disabilities and spread disinformation to not accommodate Plaintiff’s 3 disability. There were documented records by a neurologist and an MRI and EKG showing brain 4 damage. 5 On 6/6/18, Defendants Barker, Kubicki, and others made an observation of Plaintiff from 6 over 40 yards away and made false and impossible conclusions about whether Plaintiff could 7 hear. On 8/2/18, Defendant was brought by Defendant Marquez to the transportation area to be 8 brought to a neurologist appointment. Marquez told escorting guards Sotelo and Hernandez- 9 Reyes the misinformation by Kubicki about Plaintiff’s ability to hear. Plaintiff was escorted to a 10 neurologist appointment by guards Sotelo and M. Hernandez-Reyes. At the appointment, the 11 guards heard the doctor say that the part of Plaintiff’s brain is dead which deals with language. 12 The guards told the doctor about the misinformation circulated by Kubicki and the doctor 13 disagreed with this based on medical evidence. 14 On 8/3/18, the RN refused to write to communicate. 15 On 8/22/18, Dr. Chau denied Plaintiff’s medically needed cervical pillow, orthopedic 16 shoes, and insoles, despite specialist orders because of the conspiracy. 17 On 9/21/18 DNP-FNP-C Janet Meda refused to write to communicate and to provide 18 medical care. 19 At a neurologist appointment escorted by D. Salcido and M. Garcia, the neurologist told 20 them about the brain damage from a stroke. The guards agreed that the misinformation about 21 Plaintiff hearing needed to be corrected, but nothing was done. 22 On 11/14/18, Dr. Ukiomogge wrote to Plaintiff that management (Shittu and Kubicki) 23 refused all efforts and care for Plaintiff because of the misinformation and the doctor said he 24 would go to management to advocate for Plaintiff, but to no avail. 25 On 11/30/18, in a 602 interview after Plaintiff had been assaulted, the interviewer showed 26 Plaintiff a note from the 602 coordinator CCII Johnson saying that Plaintiff has no disability. 27 On 12/12/18, Dr. Ukiomogge ordered a hearing aid, but Shittu stopped that again. 28 On 1/4/19, at a 602 interview about Plaintiff’s hearing, the 602 coordinator Johnson 1 refused to write for communication with Plaintiff. 2 On 1/17/19, for a second time, Shittu was present at an audio appointment to interfere and 3 instruct the audiologist to falsify report. Test results were consistent with ENT test, but 4 audiologist wrote a report inconsistent with actual test findings. 5 On 1/18/19, Janet Meda scanned Plaintiff’s list of medical complaints, did not act on 6 them, and refused to write to communicate. 7 On 2/20/19, dentist Dr. Zendahly wrote “Kubicki called and said you can hear and speak 8 so will not give treatment unless you talk normal.” 9 On 6/4/18, at direction of Shittu, Dr. Chau denied order for cervical pillow for 10 degenerative neck injury and orthopedic shores. 11 On 6/8/18, at the direction of Shittu and Kubicki, Dr. Chau rescinded the hearing 12 impairment designations. 13 On 2/27/19, Dr. Ukiomogge refused to make a referral to a specialist and podiatrist, 14 dermatologist, hearing aid, neck, ortho surgeon or feet ankles, shoulders saying that Shittu will 15 overrule it. 16 On 3/26/23,1 5/30/19, and 6/26/19, Dr. Ukiomogge wrote Shittu who continues to overrule 17 his orders for care. 18 On 6/20/19, Dentist Zenahly refused to write and there was no communication about 19 dental care. 20 On 6/21/18, 10/1/18, 10/26/18, 1/17/19 and 6/18/19, RN Entrata always refused to write 21 to communicate with Plaintiff and disregarded Plaintiff’s notes, resulting in denial of medical 22 care. 23 Plaintiff seeks a declaratory judgment that his rights have been violated and seeks 24 compensatory damages and punitive damages. 25 III. Discussion 26 Plaintiff’s complaint fails to comply with Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 8, 18 and 20 27 1 This date may be an error because all events in the first amended complaint occurred in 2018- 28 2019. 1 and fails to state a cognizable claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 2 A. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8 and Linkage 3 Pursuant to Rule 8, a complaint must contain “a short and plain statement of the claim 4 showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a). Detailed factual allegations 5 are not required, but “[t]hreadbare recitalas of the elements of a cause of action, supported by 6 mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (citation omitted). Plaintiff 7 must set forth “sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is 8 plausible on its face.’” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555). While factual 9 allegations are accepted as true, legal conclusions are not. Id.; see also Twombly, 550 U.S. at 10 556–57; Moss, 572 F.3d at 969. 11 Here, Plaintiff’s complaint is relatively short, but it is not a plain statement of his claims 12 showing that he is entitled to relief. In many of the incidents, Plaintiff’s allegations are 13 conclusory and do not state factual support about Plaintiff’s complaint such as how Plaintiff knew 14 certain people influenced medical appointments or medical care. Plaintiff’s conclusory 15 allegations what happened, when it happened, or which defendant was involved are insufficient. 16 Further, Plaintiff continues to refer to “defendants” as violating his rights and does not specify 17 which defendant, although he references some specific defendants for certain incidents. 18 In addition, Section 1983 plainly requires that there be an actual connection or link 19 between the actions of the defendants and the deprivation alleged to have been suffered by 20 Plaintiff. See Monell v. Dep't of Soc. Servs., 436 U.S. 658 (1978); Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362 21 (1976). Plaintiff fails to link Defendant Jeter to any purported constitutional violation. Plaintiff 22 may not simply assert that a deprivation occurred and then accuse a group of defendants of being 23 “responsible” for that deprivation. 24 B. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 18 and 20 25 Plaintiff may not bring unrelated claims against unrelated parties in a single action. Fed. 26 R. Civ. P. 18(a), 20(a)(2); Owens v. Hinsley, 635 F.3d 950, 952 (7th Cir. 2011); George v. Smith, 27 507 F.3d 605, 607 (7th Cir. 2007); Mackey v. Price, 2020 WL 7319420, at *3–4 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 28 11, 2020), report and recommendation adopted, 2021 WL 843462 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 5, 2021). 1 Plaintiff may bring a claim against multiple defendants so long as (1) the claim arises out of the 2 same transaction or occurrence, or series of transactions and occurrences, and (2) there are 3 commons questions of law or fact. Fed. R. Civ. P. 20(a)(2); Coughlin v. Rogers, 130 F.3d 1348, 4 1351 (9th Cir. 1997). The “same transaction” requirement refers to similarity in the factual 5 background of a claim. Id. at 1349. Only if the defendants are properly joined under Rule 20(a) 6 will the Court review the other claims to determine if they may be joined under Rule 18(a), which 7 permits the joinder of multiple claims against the same party. 8 Plaintiff may not raise different claims against different defendants in a single action. As 9 Plaintiff was advised in the Court’s screening order, Plaintiff may not claim every medical 10 violation from 2018 through August 2019. Plaintiff lists every apparent medical appointment he 11 has had with various defendants. Merely because Plaintiff was housed at North Kern State Prison 12 when the incidents occurred, and they involve medical care, does not make every injury or 13 incident related. Plaintiff appears to assert unrelated claims, such as denial of pillow, orthopedic 14 shoes, denial of medication, ADA violations, knee, shoulder and hip pain, hearing impairment 15 and many more. These matters are unrelated and must be brought in separate actions. As Plaintiff 16 is attempting to bring multiple claims that arose from different and unrelated occurrences, his 17 complaint violates Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 18 and 20. 18 C. Supervisory Liability 19 To the extent Plaintiff seeks to hold any defendant liable based solely upon their 20 supervisory role, he may not do so. Liability may not be imposed on supervisory personnel for the 21 actions or omissions of their subordinates under the theory of respondeat superior. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 22 at 676–77; Simmons v. Navajo Cty., Ariz., 609 F.3d 1011, 1020–21 (9th Cir. 2010); Ewing v. City 23 of Stockton, 588 F.3d 1218, 1235 (9th Cir. 2009); Jones v. Williams, 297 F.3d 930, 934 (9th Cir. 24 2002). “A supervisor may be liable only if (1) he or she is personally involved in the 25 constitutional deprivation, or (2) there is a sufficient causal connection between the supervisor's 26 wrongful conduct and the constitutional violation.” Crowley v. Bannister, 734 F.3d 967, 977 (9th 27 Cir. 2013) (citation and quotation marks omitted); accord Lemire v. Cal. Dep't of Corrs. & 28 Rehab., 726 F.3d 1062, 1074–75 (9th Cir. 2013); Lacey v. Maricopa Cty., 693 F.3d 896, 915–16 1 (9th Cir. 2012) (en banc). “Under the latter theory, supervisory liability exists even without overt 2 personal participation in the offensive act if supervisory officials implement a policy so deficient 3 that the policy itself is a repudiation of constitutional rights and is the moving force of a 4 constitutional violation.” Crowley, 734 F.3d at 977 (citing Hansen v. Black, 885 F.2d 642, 646 5 (9th Cir. 1989)) (internal quotation marks omitted). 6 D. Eleventh Amendment 7 “The Eleventh Amendment bars suits for money damages in federal court against a state, 8 its agencies, and state officials acting in their official capacities.” Aholelei v. Dep’t of Public 9 Safety, 488 F.3d 1144, 1147 (9th Cir. 2007). Indeed, the Eleventh Amendment prohibits federal 10 courts from hearing a Section 1983 lawsuit in which damages or injunctive relief is sought against 11 a state, its agencies (such as CDCR) or individual prisons, absent “a waiver by the state or a valid 12 congressional override. . . .” Dittman v. California, 191 F.3d 1020, 1025 (9th Cir. 1999). “The 13 Eleventh Amendment bars suits which seek either damages or injunctive relief against a state, ‘an 14 arm of the state,’ its instrumentalities, or its agencies.” See Fireman’s Fund Ins. Co. v. City of 15 Lodi, Cal., 302 F.3d 928, 957 n.28 (9th Cir. 2002) (internal quotation and citations omitted), cert. 16 denied, 538 U.S. 961 (2003). “The State of California has not waived its Eleventh Amendment 17 immunity with respect to claims brought under § 1983 in federal court. . . .” Dittman, 191 F.3d at 18 1025–26 (citing Atascadero State Hosp. v. Scanlon, 473 U.S. 234, 241 (1985)); see also Brown v. 19 Cal. Dep’t. of Corrs., 554 F.3d 747, 752 (9th Cir. 2009) (finding California Department of 20 Corrections and California Board of Prison Terms entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity). 21 Therefore, Plaintiff cannot pursue claims for damages against the State, CDCR, or KVSP 22 in this action. 23 E. Eighth Amendment – Medical Care 24 A prisoner’s claim of inadequate medical care constitutes cruel and unusual punishment in 25 violation of the Eighth Amendment where the mistreatment rises to the level of “deliberate 26 indifference to serious medical needs.” Jett v. Penner, 439 F.3d 1091, 1096 (9th Cir. 2006) 27 (quoting Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 104 (1976)). The two-part test for deliberate 28 indifference requires Plaintiff to show (1) “a ‘serious medical need’ by demonstrating that failure 1 to treat a prisoner’s condition could result in further significant injury or the ‘unnecessary and 2 wanton infliction of pain,’” and (2) “the defendant’s response to the need was deliberately 3 indifferent.” Jett, 439 F.3d at 1096. 4 A defendant does not act in a deliberately indifferent manner unless the defendant “knows 5 of and disregards an excessive risk to inmate health or safety.” Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 6 837 (1994). “Deliberate indifference is a high legal standard,” Simmons v. Navajo Cty. Ariz., 609 7 F.3d 1011, 1019 (9th Cir. 2010); Toguchi v. Chung, 391 F.3d 1051, 1060 (9th Cir. 2004), and is 8 shown where there was “a purposeful act or failure to respond to a prisoner’s pain or possible 9 medical need” and the indifference caused harm. Jett, 439 F.3d at 1096. In applying this 10 standard, the Ninth Circuit has held that before it can be said that a prisoner’s civil rights have 11 been abridged, “the indifference to his medical needs must be substantial. Mere ‘indifference,’ 12 ‘negligence,’ or ‘medical malpractice’ will not support this cause of action.” Broughton v. Cutter 13 Labs., 622 F.2d 458, 460 (9th Cir. 1980) (citing Estelle, 429 U.S. at 105–06). Even gross 14 negligence is insufficient to establish deliberate indifference to serious medical needs. See Wood 15 v. Housewright, 900 F.2d 1332, 1334 (9th Cir. 1990). 16 Further, a “difference of opinion between a physician and the prisoner—or between 17 medical professionals—concerning what medical care is appropriate does not amount to 18 deliberate indifference.” Snow v. McDaniel, 681 F.3d 978, 987 (9th Cir. 2012) (citing Sanchez v. 19 Vild, 891 F.2d 240, 242 (9th Cir. 1989)), overruled in part on other grounds, Peralta v. Dillard, 20 744 F.3d 1076, 1082–83 (9th Cir. 2014); Wilhelm v. Rotman, 680 F.3d 1113, 1122–23 (9th Cir. 21 2012) (citing Jackson v. McIntosh, 90 F.3d 330, 332 (9th Cir. 1986)). Rather, Plaintiff “must 22 show that the course of treatment the doctors chose was medically unacceptable under the 23 circumstances and that the defendants chose this course in conscious disregard of an excessive 24 risk to [his] health.” Snow, 681 F.3d at 988 (citing Jackson, 90 F.3d at 332) (internal quotation 25 marks omitted). 26 Plaintiff alleges various different kinds of denial of medical care, and as noted above, 27 Plaintiff has improperly joined multiple alleged deliberate indifference incidents in this action. He 28 has unrelated claims for failure to provide a neck pillow, orthopedic shoes, insoles, dental 1 medication, proper disability characterization, care for pain in his hip, knee and shoulder and 2 failure to properly communicate and many other complaints which occurred over a year time 3 period. Each of the incidents involve different medical providers and correctional personnel. 4 Separate incidents must be brought in separate actions. As stated above, he may not improperly 5 join unrelated claims. 6 Further, Plaintiff fails to state a claim regarding his medical care. Plaintiff's disagreement 7 with Defendants or any other healthcare providers regarding his diagnosis, medical classification, 8 or the manner in which they enter notes in his file are not sufficient to show deliberate 9 indifference to serious medical needs. A prisoner’s disagreement with a physician’s treatment or 10 diagnosis does not support a claim of deliberate indifference. See Sanchez v. Vild, 891 F.2d 240, 11 242 (9th Cir. 1989). 12 In addition, even if the Court accepts Plaintiff’s conclusory allegations that Shittu and 13 Kubicki interfered with medical care, Plaintiff has not alleged facts that plausibly show that Shittu 14 and Kubicki satisfied the subjective component of deliberate indifference: each Defendants 15 “knows of and disregards an excessive risk to inmate health or safety.” Indeed, Plaintiff alleges 16 that Shittu and Kubicki did not believe that Plaintiff was hearing impaired, and thus not in need of 17 treatment. Furthermore, Plaintiff has not shown that any harm resulted from any Defendants’ 18 actions or lack of actions. There is no allegation that any purported indifference caused 19 harm. Jett, 439 F.3d at 1096 (the indifference must have caused harm). Plaintiff has been unable 20 to cure this deficiency. 21 F. Americans with Disabilities Act and Rehabilitation Act (“ADA”) 22 The ADA provides, “no qualified individual with a disability shall, by reason of such 23 disability, be excluded from participation in or be denied the benefits of the services, programs, or 24 activities of a public entity, or be subjected to discrimination by any such entity.” 42 U.S.C. § 25 12132. The ADA defines “qualified individual with a disability” as “an individual with a 26 disability who, with or without reasonable modifications to rules, policies, or practices, the 27 removal of architectural, communication, or transportation barriers, or the provision of auxiliary 28 aids and services, meets the essential eligibility requirements for the receipt of services or the 1 participation in programs or activities provided by a public entity.” Id. § 12131(2). 2 To the extent Plaintiff intends to sue the individually named defendants for violation of 3 his rights under the ADA, he may not “bring an action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against a State 4 official in her individual capacity to vindicate rights created by Title II of the ADA.” Vinson v. 5 Thomas, 288 F.3d 1145, 1156 (9th Cir. 2002). The proper defendant in ADA actions is the public 6 entity responsible for the alleged discrimination. U.S. v. Georgia, 546 U.S. 151, 153 (2006). State 7 correctional facilities are “public entities” within the meaning of the ADA. See 42 U.S.C. § 8 12131(1)(A) & (B); Pennsylvania Dep't. of Corr. v. Yeskey, 524 U.S. 206, 210 (1998); Armstrong 9 v. Wilson, 124 F.3d 1019, 1025 (9th Cir. 1997). 10 In order to state a claim under the ADA, the plaintiff must have been “improperly 11 excluded from participation in, and denied the benefit of, a prison service, program, or activity on 12 the basis of his physical handicap.” Armstrong, 124 F.3d at 1023. Plaintiff has alleged no facts 13 demonstrating such exclusion or denial. Plaintiff also does not allege that any of his illnesses led 14 to an exclusion or denial of a prison service, program, or activity. Further, Plaintiff's allegations 15 of inadequate medical care do not state a claim under the ADA. Bryant v. Madigan, 84 F.3d 246, 16 249 (7th Cir. 1996) (“The ADA does not create a remedy for medical malpractice.”); see also 17 Simmons, 609 F.3d at 1022 (Inadequate or negligent medical treatment alone does not constitute 18 an unlawful failure to accommodate under the ADA or the Rehabilitation Act.). 19 G. Conspiracy 20 To state a claim for conspiracy under section 1983, Plaintiff must show the existence of an 21 agreement or a meeting of the minds to violate his constitutional rights, and an actual deprivation 22 of those constitutional rights. Avalos v. Baca, 596 F.3d 583, 592 (9th Cir.2010); Franklin v. Fox, 23 312 F.3d 423, 441 (9th Cir. 2001). To have standing to bring this type of claim, Plaintiff must 24 also allege he suffered an actual injury. Vandelft v. Moses, 31 F.3d 794, 798 (9th Cir. 1994). To 25 establish a conspiracy, Plaintiff allege specific facts showing “an agreement or meeting of the 26 minds to violate constitutional rights. To be liable, each participant in the conspiracy need not 27 know the exact details of the plan, but each participant must at least share the common objective 28 of the conspiracy.” Franklin v. Fox, 312 F.3d 423, 441 (9th Cir. 2002) (internal citations and 1 quotation marks omitted). The mere conclusory statement that defendants “conspired” together is 2 not sufficient to state a cognizable claim. Woodrum v. Woodward Cty., 866 F.2d 1121, 1126 (9th 3 Cir. 1989). 4 Plaintiff makes general, omnibus allegations that the Defendants, in doing the myriad of 5 acts alleged, were doing so in the furtherance of some conspiracy. Plaintiff must plead the basic 6 elements of a civil conspiracy: an agreement and concerted action amongst the defendants in the 7 furtherance of that agreement, and that each defendant conspired to violate Plaintiff’s 8 constitutional rights. See also Kendall v. Visa U.S.A., Inc., 518 F.3d 1042, 1047 (9th Cir. 2008) 9 (noting that a bare allegation of a conspiracy is almost impossible to defend against where 10 numerous individuals are concerned). 11 H. Consent Decree 12 Plaintiff alleges the actions of the defendants did not conform to the consent decree in 13 Plata v. Newsom. 14 It is well-settled that the remedial order issued in Plata and related cases do not provide an 15 independent cause of action under § 1983 as the order does not create or expand on a plaintiff's 16 constitutional rights. Coleman v. CDCR, No. 09-cv-02192-SKO PC, 2011 WL 2619569, at *4 17 (E.D. Cal. July 1, 2011) (citing Cagle v. Sutherland, 334 F.3d 980, 986-87 (9th Cir. 2003) 18 (consent decrees often go beyond constitutional minimum requirements, and do not create or 19 expand rights)); see also Green v. McKaskle, 788 F.2d 1116, 1123 (5th Cir. 1986) (remedial 20 decrees remedy constitutional violations but do not create or enlarge constitutional rights and 21 cannot serve as a substantive basis for damages); Montecastro v. Newsom, No. 1:20-CV-00689 22 SAB(PC), 2020 WL 6484097, at *5 (E.D. Cal. Nov. 4, 2020) (“[A]ny violations of the remedial 23 plan developed in Armstrong do not provide an independent basis for relief in this court. 24 Violations of the Armstrong Remedial Plan must be addressed through the procedures provided 25 by that plan.”), report and recommendation adopted, No. 1:20-CV-00689 NONE SAB (PC), 2020 26 WL 7319423 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 11, 2020). If Plaintiff has concerns about the actions under the 27 Plata/Armstrong/Coleman consent decrees, he should express those concerns to the class 28 representative or court in those cases. 1 I. Title 15 and Policy Violation 2 To the extent that any Defendant has not complied with applicable state statutes or prison 3 regulations for failure to follow procedures, these deprivations do not support a claim under 4 §1983. Section 1983 only provides a cause of action for the deprivation of federally protected 5 rights. See e.g., Nible v. Fink, 828 Fed. Appx. 463 (9th Cir. 2020) (violations of Title 15 of the 6 California Code of Regulations do not create private right of action); Nurre v. Whitehead, 580 7 F.3d 1087, 1092 (9th Cir. 2009) (section 1983 claims must be premised on violation of federal 8 constitutional right); Prock v. Warden, No. 1:13-cv-01572-MJS (PC), 2013 WL 5553349, at *11– 9 12 (E.D. Cal. Oct. 8, 2013) (noting that several district courts have found no implied private right 10 of action under title 15 and stating that “no § 1983 claim arises for [violations of title 15] even if 11 they occurred.”); Parra v. Hernandez, No. 08cv0191-H (CAB), 2009 WL 3818376, at *3 (S.D. 12 Cal. Nov. 13, 2009) (granting motion to dismiss prisoner's claims brought pursuant to Title 15 of 13 the California Code of Regulations); Chappell v. Newbarth, No. 1:06-cv-01378-OWW-WMW 14 (PC), 2009 WL 1211372, at *9 (E.D. Cal. May 1, 2009) (holding that there is no private right of 15 action under Title 15 of the California Code of Regulations); Tirado v. Santiago, No. 1:22-CV- 16 00724 BAM PC, 2022 WL 4586294, at *5 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 29, 2022), report and recommendation 17 adopted, No. 1:22-CV-00724 JLT BAM PC, 2022 WL 16748838 (E.D. Cal. Nov. 7, 2022) 18 (same). 19 J. Housing Assignment 20 Any claim premised on the Defendants’ alleged failure to house Plaintiff at a particular 21 institution or in particular housing fails because Plaintiff is not entitled to be transferred to any 22 particular prison or to be housed in any particular housing. See Olim v. Wakinekona, 461 U.S. 23 238, 245 (1983); Meachum v. Fano, 427 U.S. 215, 225 (1976). In general, prison officials’ 24 housing and classification decisions do not give rise to federal constitutional claims encompassed 25 by the protection of liberty and property guaranteed by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. 26 Montayne v. Haymes, 427 U.S. 236, 242 (1976) (It is well settled that prisoners have no 27 constitutional right to placement in any particular prison, to any particular security classification, 28 or to any particular housing assignment.); accord King v. Lemos, No. 1:20-CV-01837-NONE- 1 BAM (PC), 2021 WL 2038187, at *6 (E.D. Cal. May 21, 2021). 2 K. False Reports 3 To the extent Plaintiff alleges that Defendants falsified medical reports against Plaintiff, 4 he cannot state a claim. 5 The creation of false evidence, standing alone, is not actionable under § 1983. See 6 Hernandez v. Johnston, 833 F.2d 1316, 1319 (9th Cir. 1987) (independent right to accurate prison 7 record has not been recognized); Johnson v. Felker, No. 1:12–cv–02719 GEB KJN (PC), 2013 8 WL 6243280, at *6 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 3, 2013) (“Prisoners have no constitutionally guaranteed right 9 to be free from false accusations of misconduct, so the mere falsification of a report does not give 10 rise to a claim under section 1983.”) (citations omitted). Moreover, “plaintiff cannot state a 11 cognizable Eighth Amendment violation based on an allegation that defendant[ ] issued a false 12 rule violation against plaintiff.” Jones v. Prater, No. 2:10-cv-01381 JAM KJN P, 2012 WL 13 1979225, at *2 (E.D. Cal. Jun. 1, 2012); see also Youngs v. Barretto, No. 2:16-cv-0276 JAM AC 14 P, 2018 WL 2198707, at *3 (E.D. Cal. May 14, 2019) (noting that issuance of false rules violation 15 report does not rise to the level of cruel and unusual punishment) (citations omitted). 16 Plaintiff's complaint fails to state a claim based on allegations of a false medical injury 17 report. Martin v. Pfeiffer, No. 1:22-CV-00889 AWI BAM PC, 2022 WL 4345686, at *8 (E.D. 18 Cal. Sept. 19, 2022) (no cognizable claim for a false medical report), report and recommendation 19 adopted, No. 1:22-CV-00889 AWI BAM PC, 2022 WL 17406535 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 2, 2022); 20 Sanford v. Eaton, No. 1:20-CV-00792 BAM (PC), 2021 WL 1172911, at *7 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 29, 21 2021)(denying a claim alleging falsified medical report and statements made by Plaintiff), 22 denying to adopt on other grounds, Sanford v. Eaton, No. 1:20-CV00792-JLT BAM(PC), 2022 23 WL 168530, at *2 (E.D. Cal. Jan. 19, 2022). 24 L. State Law Claims 25 To the extent Plaintiff also alleges violations of California law, Plaintiff is informed that 26 the California Government Claims Act requires that a tort claim against a public entity or its 27 employees be presented to the California Victim Compensation and Government Claims Board 28 no more than six months after the cause of action accrues. Cal. Gov't Code §§ 905.2, 910, 911.2, 1 945.4, 950-950.2. Presentation of a written claim, and action on or rejection of the claim are 2 conditions precedent to suit. State v. Superior Court of Kings County (Bodde), 32 Cal.4th 1234, 3 1239 (Cal. 2004); Shirk v. Vista Unified School District, 42 Cal.4th 201, 209 (2007). To state a 4 tort claim against a public employee, a plaintiff must allege compliance with the California Tort 5 Claims Act. Cal. Gov't Code § 950.6; Bodde, 32 Cal.4th at 1244. “[F]ailure to allege facts 6 demonstrating or excusing compliance with the requirement subjects a complaint to general 7 demurrer for failure to state a cause of action.” Bodde, 32 Cal.4th at 1239. 8 Plaintiff alleges he has complied with the California Tort Claims Act. 9 To the extent Plaintiff is attempting to assert state law claims, the Court declines to screen 10 them in the absence of a cognizable claim for relief under federal law. Under 28 U.S.C. § 11 1367(a), in any civil action in which the district court has original jurisdiction, the “district courts 12 shall have supplemental jurisdiction over all other claims that are so related to claims in the action 13 within such original jurisdiction that they form part of the same case or controversy under Article 14 III of the United States Constitution,” except as provided in subsections (b) and (c). The Supreme 15 Court has stated that “if the federal claims are dismissed before trial, ... the state claims should be 16 dismissed as well.” United Mine Workers of Am. v. Gibbs, 383 U.S. 715, 726 (1966). Although 17 the Court may exercise supplemental jurisdiction over state law claims, Plaintiff must first have a 18 cognizable claim for relief under federal law. 28 U.S.C. § 1367. 19 IV. Conclusion and Recommendation 20 As discussed above, the Court finds Plaintiff’s first amended complaint fails to comply 21 with Rules 8, 18, and 20, and fails to state a cognizable claim for relief. Despite being provided 22 with the relevant legal standards, Plaintiff has been unable to cure the deficiencies in his 23 complaint. Further leave to amend is not warranted. Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1130 (9th Cir. 24 2000). 25 For the reasons stated above, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED as follows: 26 1. Plaintiff's federal claims be dismissed with prejudice based on Plaintiff's failure to 27 state a cognizable claim upon which relief may be granted; and 28 /// 1 2. The Court decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s purported state 2 law claims. 3 These Findings and Recommendation will be submitted to the United States District Judge 4 assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within fourteen 5 (14) days after being served with these Findings and Recommendation, Plaintiff may file written 6 objections with the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s 7 Findings and Recommendation.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within the 8 specified time may result in the waiver of the “right to challenge the magistrate’s factual 9 findings” on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 839 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. 10 Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 11 IT IS SO ORDERED. 12

13 Dated: September 1, 2023 /s/ Barbara A. McAuliffe _ UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 14

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