1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 ANTHONY BARRETT, Case No. 1:20-cv-01802-NONE-EPG (PC) 12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDING THAT PLAINTIFF’S 13 v. MOTIONS TO AMEND BE DENIED 14 A. CIOLLI, et al., (ECF Nos. 25, 26) 15 Defendants. FOURTEEN (14) DAY DEADLINE 16 17 Plaintiff Anthony Curtis Barrett (“Plaintiff”) is a federal inmate proceeding pro se and in 18 forma pauperis in this civil rights action pursuant to Bivens v. Six Unknown Federal Narcotics 19 Agents, 403 U.S. 388 (1971). 20 I. PLAINTIFF’S MOTIONS FOR LEAVE TO AMEND 21 On September 29, 2021, Plaintiff filed two separate motions requesting leave to amend his 22 complaint. (ECF Nos. 25, 26.) In the first motion, Plaintiff states that his access to the courts was 23 denied on August 18, 2021, through September 16, 2021, due to an assault that has been 24 characterized by the Federal Bureau of Prisons as a fight. (ECF No. 25.) Plaintiff was placed in 25 the special housing unit without a writing instrument. (Id.) As a result, Plaintiff was denied the 26 ability to meet a filing deadline to appeal the disciplinary actions and to present his claim. (Id.) 27 Plaintiff cannot manage his funds, which is a violation of his rights as an inmate and a 28 punishment. (Id.) 1 In his second motion, Plaintiff states that he believes he is being illegally discriminated 2 against and has an equal protection claim. (ECF No. 26.) Plaintiff had a disciplinary hearing and 3 “was sanctioned 15 days Db time, No commissary or mp3 player for 90 days and 27 days of good 4 time credit.” (Id.) Plaintiff was released back to general population on September 16, 2021, and 5 discovered he did not have access to his funds and he had telephone restrictions. (Id.) Plaintiff 6 feels that he is being discriminated against because the denials of access to manage his money 7 and telephone restrictions are not policy. (Id.) There are certain circumstances in which the 8 warden may restrict Plaintiff’s telephone and there is no way that denying him access to his funds 9 is policy. (Id.) Other races, such as Mexicans, do not receive such restrictions or denials. (Id.) The 10 administration and J. Rex are treating Plaintiff differently because of his race and color. (Id.) 11 Plaintiff believes this is retaliation for his filings with the courts. (Id.) Mr. Rex and Mr. Lazarus 12 are abusing authority. (Id.) If this motion is denied, Plaintiff says that he will have to exhaust his 13 administrative remedies. (Id.) 14 II. DISCUSSION 15 Courts “should freely give leave [to amend] when justice so requires.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 16 15(a)(2). “[T]his policy is to be applied with extreme liberality.” Morongo Band of Mission 17 Indians v. Rose, 893 F.2d 1074, 1079 (9th Cir. 1990); see also Waldrip v. Hall, 548 F.3d 729, 732 18 (9th Cir. 2008). “However, liberality in granting leave to amend is subject to several limitations. 19 Those limitations include undue prejudice to the opposing party, bad faith by the movant, futility, 20 and undue delay.” Cafasso, U.S. ex rel. v. Gen. Dynamics C4 Sys., Inc., 637 F.3d 1047, 1058 (9th 21 Cir. 2011) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted); see also Waldrip, 548 F.3d at 732. 22 Having reviewed Plaintiff’s motions, the Court will recommend denying leave to amend 23 because amendment would be futile. First, Plaintiff seeks to improperly add unrelated claims in 24 this case. Under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 18 and 20, a plaintiff may not proceed on a 25 myriad of unrelated claims against different defendants in a single action. Fed. R. Civ. P. 18(a), 26 20(a)(2).
27 The controlling principle appears in Fed. R. Civ. P. 18(a): ‘A party asserting a claim to relief as an original claim, counterclaim, cross-claim, or third party claim, 28 may join, either as independent or as alternate claims, as many claims, legal, 1 equitable, or maritime, as the party has against an opposing party.’ Thus multiple claims against a single party are fine, but Claim A against Defendant 1 should not 2 be joined with unrelated Claim B against Defendant 2. Unrelated claims against different defendants belong in different suits, not only to prevent the sort of morass 3 [a multiple claim, multiple defendant] suit produce[s], but also to ensure that prisoners pay the required filing fees-for the Prison Litigation Reform Act limits to 4 3 the number of frivolous suits or appeals that any prisoner may file without prepayment of the required fees. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). 5 K’napp v. California Dept. of Corrections, 2013 WL 5817765, at *2 (E.D. Cal., Oct. 29, 2013), 6 aff’d sub nom. K’napp v. California Dept. of Corrections & Rehabilitation, 599 Fed. Appx. 791 7 (9th Cir. 2015) (alteration in original) (quoting George v. Smith, 507 F.3d 605, 607 (7th Cir. 8 2007). See also Fed. R. Civ. P. 20(a)(2) (“Persons . . . may be joined in one action as defendants 9 if: (A) any right to relief is asserted against them jointly, severally, or in the alternative with 10 respect to or arising out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or 11 occurrences; and (B) any question of law or fact common to all defendants will arise in the 12 action.”). 13 Plaintiff’s Third Amended Complaint brings claims for violations of Plaintiff’s 14 constitutional rights arising out of a property seizure and lockdown of Plaintiff’s unit in March of 15 2020. (ECF No. 22.)1 According to the motions, Plaintiff seeks leave to amend to assert claims 16 related to his placement in the special housing unit in August and September of 2021 and 17 subsequent restrictions on access to his funds and telephone privileges. The claims Plaintiff seeks 18 to add are not related to the remainder of his claims. Plaintiff may not pursue multiple unrelated 19 actions in one lawsuit. (See ECF No. 24.) If Plaintiff so chooses, he may file a separate lawsuit 20 concerning the events described in the motions for leave to amend. 21 Second, Plaintiff states that he intends to bring a claim for denial of his ability to present 22 administrative grievances. (See ECF Nos. 25, 26.) An access-to-courts claim is limited to the 23 filing of direct criminal appeals, habeas petitions, and civil rights actions and does not apply to 24 administrative grievances. See Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 354 (1996). If administrative 25
1 On September 22, 2021, the Court entered findings and recommendations recommending that this action proceed on 26 several of Plaintiff’s Fifth and Eighth Amendment claims, that Plaintiff’s First Amendment access to the courts and Eighth Amendment failure to protect claims be dismissed with prejudice for failure to state a claim, and that 27 Plaintiff’s claims against Mr.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 ANTHONY BARRETT, Case No. 1:20-cv-01802-NONE-EPG (PC) 12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDING THAT PLAINTIFF’S 13 v. MOTIONS TO AMEND BE DENIED 14 A. CIOLLI, et al., (ECF Nos. 25, 26) 15 Defendants. FOURTEEN (14) DAY DEADLINE 16 17 Plaintiff Anthony Curtis Barrett (“Plaintiff”) is a federal inmate proceeding pro se and in 18 forma pauperis in this civil rights action pursuant to Bivens v. Six Unknown Federal Narcotics 19 Agents, 403 U.S. 388 (1971). 20 I. PLAINTIFF’S MOTIONS FOR LEAVE TO AMEND 21 On September 29, 2021, Plaintiff filed two separate motions requesting leave to amend his 22 complaint. (ECF Nos. 25, 26.) In the first motion, Plaintiff states that his access to the courts was 23 denied on August 18, 2021, through September 16, 2021, due to an assault that has been 24 characterized by the Federal Bureau of Prisons as a fight. (ECF No. 25.) Plaintiff was placed in 25 the special housing unit without a writing instrument. (Id.) As a result, Plaintiff was denied the 26 ability to meet a filing deadline to appeal the disciplinary actions and to present his claim. (Id.) 27 Plaintiff cannot manage his funds, which is a violation of his rights as an inmate and a 28 punishment. (Id.) 1 In his second motion, Plaintiff states that he believes he is being illegally discriminated 2 against and has an equal protection claim. (ECF No. 26.) Plaintiff had a disciplinary hearing and 3 “was sanctioned 15 days Db time, No commissary or mp3 player for 90 days and 27 days of good 4 time credit.” (Id.) Plaintiff was released back to general population on September 16, 2021, and 5 discovered he did not have access to his funds and he had telephone restrictions. (Id.) Plaintiff 6 feels that he is being discriminated against because the denials of access to manage his money 7 and telephone restrictions are not policy. (Id.) There are certain circumstances in which the 8 warden may restrict Plaintiff’s telephone and there is no way that denying him access to his funds 9 is policy. (Id.) Other races, such as Mexicans, do not receive such restrictions or denials. (Id.) The 10 administration and J. Rex are treating Plaintiff differently because of his race and color. (Id.) 11 Plaintiff believes this is retaliation for his filings with the courts. (Id.) Mr. Rex and Mr. Lazarus 12 are abusing authority. (Id.) If this motion is denied, Plaintiff says that he will have to exhaust his 13 administrative remedies. (Id.) 14 II. DISCUSSION 15 Courts “should freely give leave [to amend] when justice so requires.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 16 15(a)(2). “[T]his policy is to be applied with extreme liberality.” Morongo Band of Mission 17 Indians v. Rose, 893 F.2d 1074, 1079 (9th Cir. 1990); see also Waldrip v. Hall, 548 F.3d 729, 732 18 (9th Cir. 2008). “However, liberality in granting leave to amend is subject to several limitations. 19 Those limitations include undue prejudice to the opposing party, bad faith by the movant, futility, 20 and undue delay.” Cafasso, U.S. ex rel. v. Gen. Dynamics C4 Sys., Inc., 637 F.3d 1047, 1058 (9th 21 Cir. 2011) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted); see also Waldrip, 548 F.3d at 732. 22 Having reviewed Plaintiff’s motions, the Court will recommend denying leave to amend 23 because amendment would be futile. First, Plaintiff seeks to improperly add unrelated claims in 24 this case. Under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 18 and 20, a plaintiff may not proceed on a 25 myriad of unrelated claims against different defendants in a single action. Fed. R. Civ. P. 18(a), 26 20(a)(2).
27 The controlling principle appears in Fed. R. Civ. P. 18(a): ‘A party asserting a claim to relief as an original claim, counterclaim, cross-claim, or third party claim, 28 may join, either as independent or as alternate claims, as many claims, legal, 1 equitable, or maritime, as the party has against an opposing party.’ Thus multiple claims against a single party are fine, but Claim A against Defendant 1 should not 2 be joined with unrelated Claim B against Defendant 2. Unrelated claims against different defendants belong in different suits, not only to prevent the sort of morass 3 [a multiple claim, multiple defendant] suit produce[s], but also to ensure that prisoners pay the required filing fees-for the Prison Litigation Reform Act limits to 4 3 the number of frivolous suits or appeals that any prisoner may file without prepayment of the required fees. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). 5 K’napp v. California Dept. of Corrections, 2013 WL 5817765, at *2 (E.D. Cal., Oct. 29, 2013), 6 aff’d sub nom. K’napp v. California Dept. of Corrections & Rehabilitation, 599 Fed. Appx. 791 7 (9th Cir. 2015) (alteration in original) (quoting George v. Smith, 507 F.3d 605, 607 (7th Cir. 8 2007). See also Fed. R. Civ. P. 20(a)(2) (“Persons . . . may be joined in one action as defendants 9 if: (A) any right to relief is asserted against them jointly, severally, or in the alternative with 10 respect to or arising out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or 11 occurrences; and (B) any question of law or fact common to all defendants will arise in the 12 action.”). 13 Plaintiff’s Third Amended Complaint brings claims for violations of Plaintiff’s 14 constitutional rights arising out of a property seizure and lockdown of Plaintiff’s unit in March of 15 2020. (ECF No. 22.)1 According to the motions, Plaintiff seeks leave to amend to assert claims 16 related to his placement in the special housing unit in August and September of 2021 and 17 subsequent restrictions on access to his funds and telephone privileges. The claims Plaintiff seeks 18 to add are not related to the remainder of his claims. Plaintiff may not pursue multiple unrelated 19 actions in one lawsuit. (See ECF No. 24.) If Plaintiff so chooses, he may file a separate lawsuit 20 concerning the events described in the motions for leave to amend. 21 Second, Plaintiff states that he intends to bring a claim for denial of his ability to present 22 administrative grievances. (See ECF Nos. 25, 26.) An access-to-courts claim is limited to the 23 filing of direct criminal appeals, habeas petitions, and civil rights actions and does not apply to 24 administrative grievances. See Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 354 (1996). If administrative 25
1 On September 22, 2021, the Court entered findings and recommendations recommending that this action proceed on 26 several of Plaintiff’s Fifth and Eighth Amendment claims, that Plaintiff’s First Amendment access to the courts and Eighth Amendment failure to protect claims be dismissed with prejudice for failure to state a claim, and that 27 Plaintiff’s claims against Mr. Doerer for failure to provide Plaintiff with hygiene be dismissed without prejudice. (ECF No. 24.) Plaintiff was served with the findings and recommendations and provided twenty-one days to file any 28 objections. (See id.) The time to file objections has not yet expired. 1 remedies are not available, Plaintiff may be able to pursue his claims without first exhausting 2 administrative remedies. See Ross v. Blake, 578 U.S. 632 (2016) (holding that an inmate need 3 only exhaust administrative remedies that are available). However, a failure to process 4 administrative grievances does not give rise to a separate constitutional claim. See Buckley v. 5 Barlow, 997 F.2d 494, 495 (8th Cir. 1993 (“[A prison] grievance procedure is a procedural right 6 only, it does not confer any substantive right upon the inmates.”) (alteration in original) (quoting 7 Azeez v. DeRobertis, 568 F. Supp. 8, 10 (N.D. Ill. 1982)); see also Ramirez v. Galaza, 334 F.3d 8 850, 860 (9th Cir. 2003) (no liberty interest in processing of appeals because no entitlement to a 9 specific grievance procedure); Massey v. Helman, 259 F.3d 641, 647 (7th Cir. 2001) (existence of 10 grievance procedure confers no liberty interest on prisoner); Mann v. Adams, 855 F.2d 639, 640 11 (9th Cir. 1988). 12 Finally, Plaintiff concedes in his second motion that he has not exhausted the available 13 administrative remedies. (See ECF No. 26.) Exhaustion is a prerequisite to suit. Section 1997e(a) 14 of the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PLRA”) provides that “[n]o action shall be brought 15 with respect to prison conditions under [42 U.S.C. § 1983], or any other Federal law, by a 16 prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such administrative 17 remedies as are available are exhausted.” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). Prisoners are required to exhaust 18 the available administrative remedies prior to filing suit.2 Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 211 19 (2007); McKinney v. Carey, 311 F.3d 1198, 1199-1201 (9th Cir. 2002) (per curiam). The 20 exhaustion requirement applies to all prisoner suits relating to prison life. Porter v. Nussle, 534 21 U.S. 516, 532 (2002). Exhaustion is required regardless of the relief sought by the prisoner and 22 regardless of the relief offered by the process, unless “the relevant administrative procedure lacks 23 authority to provide any relief or to take any action whatsoever in response to a complaint.” 24 Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 736, 741 (2001). 25 /// 26 ///
27 2 As noted above, Plaintiff may be able to pursue his claims without complying with the exhaustion requirement if administrative remedies are not available. Ross, 578 U.S. 632. 28 1 For the foregoing reasons, the Court finds that amendment would be futile and 2 || recommends denying Plaintiff's motions for leave to amend.° 3 I. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that Plaintiff's motions for leave to 5 || amend the complaint (ECF Nos. 25, 26) be DENIED. 6 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the assigned United States District 7 | Court Judge, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636 (b)(1)(B). Within fourteen (14) days 8 || after service of the findings and recommendations, Plaintiff may file written objections with the 9 | Court. Such a document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and 10 || Recommendation.” The assigned United States District Court Judge will then review the 11 | Magistrate Judge’s ruling pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(C). Plaintiff is advised that failure to 12 || file objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal the District Court’s order. 13 Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 839 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 14 | 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 15 16 IT IS SO ORDERED. 17 | Dated: _ October 4, 2021 [spe hey □□ 18 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 19 20 21 22 23 24 ____ 3 The Court also notes that Plaintiff did not submit a proposed amended complaint with either motion. See E.D. Cal. 26 || L.R. 220 (“Unless prior approval to the contrary is obtained from the Court, every pleading to which an amendment or supplement is permitted as a matter of right or has been allowed by court order shall be retyped and filed so that it 27 || is complete in itself without reference to the prior or superseded pleading. No pleading shall be deemed amended or 08 supplemented until this Rule has been complied with.”). The motions are further subject to denial on this basis.