Mr. Justice Cartwright
delivered the opinion of the court:
The Appellate Court for the Fourth District affirmed the judgment recovered in the circuit court of Madison county by the defendants in error, Charles Pauly and Edward C. Pauly, partners under the name of Chas. Pauly & Son, against the county of Madison for $5062.50 for services as architects under a contract with the building committee of the board of supervisors. A writ of certiorari was ordered for a review of the judgment of the Appellate Court.
At the meeting of the board of supervisors of the county of Madison held on December 1, 1909, the public building committee of the board submitted a report relative to improvements on the court house. The report recited at length the crowded condition of the county offices and the inadequacy of the rooms provided for the courts, with the prospect of being required to furnish further space for a probate judge and probate clerk after the next election, and stated that the revenue of the county at that time, without increasing the tax rate, would enable the board to appropriate and expend $50,000 per annum for improvements of the court house until they should be completed. The committee presented and recommended the adoption of the following proposition: “To build a wing on the south side of the present building, three stories high, to cost about $50,000. After same is complete to the extent of a temporary occupancy, to move the offices from the center part to the south wing and then demolish the center portion and re-build same to conform with the south wing. This avoids renting any outside space. After completing the center part then remodel the north wing to make it conform with the balance of the building, the result being practically a new building three stories high, with all modern improvements and the appearance of a stone court house with architecture up to date.” The report concluded with the statement that the total cost of the contemplated improvements would be covered by $150,000, which- would mean an expenditure of $50,000 for a period of three years, building only each section, as above enumerated, annually. The committee asked for authority to secure the services of a competent architect and to make a contract with him to supervise and superintend that improvement on a basis that was customary, the committee to submit to the board the plans for approval and adoption, subject to alteration if not meeting the approval of the board. The report was adopted, and in pursuance of the authority given, the building committee on December 6, 1909, -entered into a contract with plaintiffs, reciting that whereas the county was about to erect an addition to the Madison court house, the plaintiffs agreed to prepare the plans and specifications for the building, to make all necessary drawings, to procure estimates from builders and contractors for the construction, and, by and with the consent of the county, to let the contract to the lowest responsible bidder and to superintend the construction of the building, The county was to pay five per cent of the aggregate amount of all contracts, but if superintending the structure by plaintiffs should be dispensed with they were to receive three per cent of the aggregate amount of all contracts. At a meeting of the board on January 6, 1910, the building committee submitted a report relative to the proposed improvements on the court house, stating that it had secured the services of the plaintiffs and made a contract with them for plans on the customary basis of three per cent of the cost of the building and five per cent if the plaintiffs did the superintending, and that the committee had visited Springfield, Decatur, Lincoln and Bloomington and got a great deal of valuable information by inspecting buildings and getting ideas for plans. The report was adopted and the contract thereby approved. At a meeting of the board on February 3, 1910, there was a discussion of the court house proposition, and the board was informed by the building committee that the Illinois Traction System had chartered a car “free gratis” for the whole board to visit Springfield, Lincoln and Bloomington. At a meeting of the board on March 10, 1910, the resolution of a mass meeting held that day was received and spread of record opposing the proposed plan for remodeling the court house and against the present site and in favor of a new court house and a new site to be donated by the citizens of Edwardsville, favoring a bond issue and demanding open competition in every phase of the work, including the employment of architects, contractors and furnishers. This resolution amounted to a protest against the previous action of the board and the proposed plan and demanded open competition in the employment of architects for a new court house as well as contractors and furnishers. At some time after that mass meeting the committee instructed plaintiffs to prepare plans for a new court house, for which no authority had been given. The plaintiffs prepared plans for such new court house, estimated to ■cost $225,000 without heat, light or plumbing, which would amount to about $25,000 additional. At a meeting of the board on August 9, 1910, the building committee submitted the plans and specifications prepared for a new court house, and the building of the proposed new court house was referred to the judiciary committee, to act in conjunction with the State’s attorney and have the proposition voted on at the November election, 1910. At a subsequent special meeting of the board the judiciary committee reported that it had agreed upon a resolution providing for erecting a new court house at the present court house site in Edwardsville, the question of issuing county bonds therefor to the amount of $350,000 to be submitted to a vote of the people at the election on November 8, 1910, and that report was adopted. The proposition was submitted at the election and defeated. At the January, 1911, meeting of the board the building committee made a lengthy report reviewing the various proceedings, stating that the bond issue had been voted on and defeated; that the cost of a new court house would be about $225,000; that after the mass meeting, in March, 1910, the committee believed the public desired practically a new building and had instructed the plaintiffs to prepare plans accordingly, which were presented to the board. The committee recommended that the plans prepared by plaintiffs be accepted and the building committee authorized to advertise for bids in accordance with the plans and proceed with building operations. The report was laid on the table until the next regular meeting. At the February, 1911, meeting, the chairman of the building committee moved the adoption of the committee report for remodeling the court house, with an amendment authorizing the committee to advertise for bids for a contract to build a new court house, the cost of the building not to exceed $250,000. On a vote the motion was lost.
The declaration contained the common counts for labor, services and materials and two special counts setting out the contract in hose verba, alleging the ratification of the same by the board on January 6, 1910, performance by the plaintiffs in accordance with the contract, and the wrongful failure, neglect and refusal of the county to proceed with the construction of the building. The trial was before the court without a jury, and there were frequent objections to evidence as irrelevant and incompetent, but everything offered was admitted subject to objection, and there is no method of determining what was regarded by the court as competent and relevant.
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Mr. Justice Cartwright
delivered the opinion of the court:
The Appellate Court for the Fourth District affirmed the judgment recovered in the circuit court of Madison county by the defendants in error, Charles Pauly and Edward C. Pauly, partners under the name of Chas. Pauly & Son, against the county of Madison for $5062.50 for services as architects under a contract with the building committee of the board of supervisors. A writ of certiorari was ordered for a review of the judgment of the Appellate Court.
At the meeting of the board of supervisors of the county of Madison held on December 1, 1909, the public building committee of the board submitted a report relative to improvements on the court house. The report recited at length the crowded condition of the county offices and the inadequacy of the rooms provided for the courts, with the prospect of being required to furnish further space for a probate judge and probate clerk after the next election, and stated that the revenue of the county at that time, without increasing the tax rate, would enable the board to appropriate and expend $50,000 per annum for improvements of the court house until they should be completed. The committee presented and recommended the adoption of the following proposition: “To build a wing on the south side of the present building, three stories high, to cost about $50,000. After same is complete to the extent of a temporary occupancy, to move the offices from the center part to the south wing and then demolish the center portion and re-build same to conform with the south wing. This avoids renting any outside space. After completing the center part then remodel the north wing to make it conform with the balance of the building, the result being practically a new building three stories high, with all modern improvements and the appearance of a stone court house with architecture up to date.” The report concluded with the statement that the total cost of the contemplated improvements would be covered by $150,000, which- would mean an expenditure of $50,000 for a period of three years, building only each section, as above enumerated, annually. The committee asked for authority to secure the services of a competent architect and to make a contract with him to supervise and superintend that improvement on a basis that was customary, the committee to submit to the board the plans for approval and adoption, subject to alteration if not meeting the approval of the board. The report was adopted, and in pursuance of the authority given, the building committee on December 6, 1909, -entered into a contract with plaintiffs, reciting that whereas the county was about to erect an addition to the Madison court house, the plaintiffs agreed to prepare the plans and specifications for the building, to make all necessary drawings, to procure estimates from builders and contractors for the construction, and, by and with the consent of the county, to let the contract to the lowest responsible bidder and to superintend the construction of the building, The county was to pay five per cent of the aggregate amount of all contracts, but if superintending the structure by plaintiffs should be dispensed with they were to receive three per cent of the aggregate amount of all contracts. At a meeting of the board on January 6, 1910, the building committee submitted a report relative to the proposed improvements on the court house, stating that it had secured the services of the plaintiffs and made a contract with them for plans on the customary basis of three per cent of the cost of the building and five per cent if the plaintiffs did the superintending, and that the committee had visited Springfield, Decatur, Lincoln and Bloomington and got a great deal of valuable information by inspecting buildings and getting ideas for plans. The report was adopted and the contract thereby approved. At a meeting of the board on February 3, 1910, there was a discussion of the court house proposition, and the board was informed by the building committee that the Illinois Traction System had chartered a car “free gratis” for the whole board to visit Springfield, Lincoln and Bloomington. At a meeting of the board on March 10, 1910, the resolution of a mass meeting held that day was received and spread of record opposing the proposed plan for remodeling the court house and against the present site and in favor of a new court house and a new site to be donated by the citizens of Edwardsville, favoring a bond issue and demanding open competition in every phase of the work, including the employment of architects, contractors and furnishers. This resolution amounted to a protest against the previous action of the board and the proposed plan and demanded open competition in the employment of architects for a new court house as well as contractors and furnishers. At some time after that mass meeting the committee instructed plaintiffs to prepare plans for a new court house, for which no authority had been given. The plaintiffs prepared plans for such new court house, estimated to ■cost $225,000 without heat, light or plumbing, which would amount to about $25,000 additional. At a meeting of the board on August 9, 1910, the building committee submitted the plans and specifications prepared for a new court house, and the building of the proposed new court house was referred to the judiciary committee, to act in conjunction with the State’s attorney and have the proposition voted on at the November election, 1910. At a subsequent special meeting of the board the judiciary committee reported that it had agreed upon a resolution providing for erecting a new court house at the present court house site in Edwardsville, the question of issuing county bonds therefor to the amount of $350,000 to be submitted to a vote of the people at the election on November 8, 1910, and that report was adopted. The proposition was submitted at the election and defeated. At the January, 1911, meeting of the board the building committee made a lengthy report reviewing the various proceedings, stating that the bond issue had been voted on and defeated; that the cost of a new court house would be about $225,000; that after the mass meeting, in March, 1910, the committee believed the public desired practically a new building and had instructed the plaintiffs to prepare plans accordingly, which were presented to the board. The committee recommended that the plans prepared by plaintiffs be accepted and the building committee authorized to advertise for bids in accordance with the plans and proceed with building operations. The report was laid on the table until the next regular meeting. At the February, 1911, meeting, the chairman of the building committee moved the adoption of the committee report for remodeling the court house, with an amendment authorizing the committee to advertise for bids for a contract to build a new court house, the cost of the building not to exceed $250,000. On a vote the motion was lost.
The declaration contained the common counts for labor, services and materials and two special counts setting out the contract in hose verba, alleging the ratification of the same by the board on January 6, 1910, performance by the plaintiffs in accordance with the contract, and the wrongful failure, neglect and refusal of the county to proceed with the construction of the building. The trial was before the court without a jury, and there were frequent objections to evidence as irrelevant and incompetent, but everything offered was admitted subject to objection, and there is no method of determining what was regarded by the court as competent and relevant. In this opinion, however, all the facts proved by legitimate evidence are stated and it will not be necessary to consider objections made to evidence.
The court held a proposition of law that the plaintiffs were not barred from recovering because of the fact that the plans and specifications made did not call for a reconstructed building or a building built in additions, on account of the acts of the board at the meetings held in January, February and March, 1910, above stated. There was nothing in any act of the board justifying such a holding. Among the duties imposed by law on boards of supervisors is the duty to build court houses, and it is their imperative duty to provide the same for the use of the county. (Andrews v. Board of Supervisors, 70 Ill. 65; County of Coles v. Goehring, 209 id. 142.) Supervisors have no power to act individually, and it is only when convened and acting together as a board that they represent and bind the county by their acts. (Bouton v. Board of Supervisors, 84 Ill. 384; Marsh v. People, 226 id. 464.) There is no power to bind the county by an architect or committee appointed by the board unless authority- has been given by the board. (Sexton v. County of Cook, 114 Ill. 174.) All persons assuming to act as the official agents of a county must have the requisite authority for that purpose, otherwise the county will not be bound, and everyone dealing with them must know at his peril the extent of their authority. (Scates v. King, 110 Ill. 456.) The county board gave authority to its building committee to secure the services of competent architects to prepare plans and specifications for alterations and improvements of the court house, as specified in the report of the building committee on December i, 1909. By virtue of that authority the committee on December 6, 1909, entered into the contract with the plaintiffs to prepare plans and specifications for the contemplated addition to the court house. There was authority to make the contract and it was ratified and confirmed by the board. After the demonstration by the mass meeting in March, 1910, the committee instructed the plaintiffs to prepare plans for a new court house, for which no authority had been given. When the committee reported to the county board at the January, 1911, meeting that it had instructed the plaintiffs to prepare plans for a new court house the report was laid on the table until the next meeting, and at the next meeting the motion to amend the committee’s report so as to authorize a new building was defeated. There was no evidence tending to prove ratification of the unauthorized act. The court held another proposition of law that the plaintiffs, in dealing with the committee, were required to know at their peril the extent of its authority; that the building committee had no authority to bind the county, for plans and specifications for a court house that would cost $225,000 and would have to be constructed all at one time, and the plaintiffs could not recover unless it was shown that the plans were' in accordance with the contract entered into with the committee and that the board ratified the contract with full knowledge of all the material facts. This statement of the law was correct, but it appears that the court concluded there had been a ratification, of which there is no evidence. There was no right to recover for plans and specifications designed for a new court house.
To prove their damages the plaintiffs introduced evidence of the amount of work done both before and after the change from the plans provided by the contract, including those made for a new court house. Edward C. Paulytestified that after the contract was- made the plaintiffs proceeded to prepare plans and specifications for the addition to the court house and consulted with the committee and made numerous sketches from ideas suggested from time to time, and that this continued for eight or nine months. For any services rendered in pursuance of the contract to make plans for an addition to the court house according to the proposition submitted by the building committee to the board of supervisors and adopted by the board the plaintiffs would be entitled to recover. This is so notwithstanding the fact that the plans were afterward changed by direction of the committee and the unauthorized order was given to prepare plans for a new court house. The evidence furnished no information as to the time when the change was made or the amount or value of the work done in pursuance of the contract in making plans and specifications for the addition.
The judgments of the Appellate Court and circuit court are reversed and the cause is remanded to the circuit court.
Reversed and remanded.