Patriot Homes, Inc. v. Andres Lopez, Jr.

• Court: Court of Appeals of Texas
• Decided: July 20, 2005
• Docket: 04-04-00645-CV
• Status: Published

Opinion

MEMORANDUM OPINION

No. 04-04-00645-CV

PATRIOT HOMES, INC.,

Appellant

v.

ANDRES LOPEZ, JR.,

Appellee

From the 79th Judicial District Court, Jim Wells County, Texas

Trial Court No. 02-05-40375-CV

Honorable Richard C. Terrell, Judge Presiding

Opinion by:    Rebecca Simmons, Justice

Sitting:            Catherine Stone, Justice

Sarah B. Duncan, Justice

Rebecca Simmons, Justice

Delivered and Filed:    July 20, 2005

AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED AND REMANDED IN PART

            Patriot Homes, Inc. appeals from a judgment entered against Andres Lopez, Jr. for breach of contract. The trial court deducted $7,741.50 from the amount allegedly owed to Patriot based on a rebate claimed by Lopez. Because the issues in this appeal involve the application of well-settled principles of law, we affirm the trial court’s judgment in part and reverse in part and remand to the trial court for entry of judgment that includes the additional $7,741.50 rebate and pre and post judgment interest, consistent with this opinion .

BACKGROUND

            Patriot Homes, Inc. filed suit against Andres Lopez, Jr., doing business as Sunset Homes, for breach of a retail distribution agreement relating to the sale of mobile homes. Lopez answered, with a general and verified denial, claiming he had not received a credit for all offsets and credits. Lopez also claimed to have sold the business to his brother and therefore, joined his brother, Richard Lopez, as a third party defendant. Trial was to the court. Patriot introduced evidence of damages in the amount of $19,660.27. Lopez introduced evidence regarding a variety of offsets and credits including an alleged rebate in the amount of $7,741.50, represented by Defendant’s Exhibit 4.

            Defendant’s Exhibit 4 was produced by Patriot during discovery, and is a computer print-out with the name Patriot Homes of Texas L.P. at the top of the page. The sheet references three (3) of the Patriot mobile homes that were ultimately sold by Sunset Homes to its customers. In addition to some unknown abbreviations, there is a reference to a “Total Rebate Amount” of $7,741.50. Exhibit 4 was admitted over Patriot’s objections that the document was unauthenticated and inadmissible hearsay. None of the witnesses who testified at trial had any knowledge of the document, its source, accuracy, content or any other information.

            The trial court entered a judgment in favor of Patriot, crediting a number of offsets to the Lopez brothers, including the rebate evidenced by Defendant’s Exhibit 4, resulting in a judgment for Patriot of $1,524,26.               

ARGUMENT

            Patriot argues the trial court erred in admitting Defendant’s Exhibit 4, and there is legally and factually insufficient evidence to support the rebate offset in the amount of $7,741.50. To obtain a reversal based on the erroneous admission of evidence, the appellant must show not only that the evidence in question was erroneously admitted by the trial court and probably caused the rendition of an improper judgment; but that the evidence in question is neither cumulative nor controlling on a material issue dispositive of the case. See Gee v. Liberty Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 765 S.W.2d 394, 396 (Tex. 1989); Tex. R. App. P. 44.1(a)(1); Interstate Northborough Prtshp. v. State, 66 S.W. 3d 213, 220 (Tex. 2001); Alvarado v. Farah Mfg. Co., 830 S.W.2d 911, 917 n.8 (Tex. 1992). Rulings regarding admissibility of evidence will not be overturned absent abuse of discretion. Steenberger v. Ford Motor Co., 814 S.W.2d 755 (Tex. App.—Dallas l991, writ denied). The determination of abuse of discretion turns on whether the lower court acted without reference to any guiding rules and principles. Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 241-42 (Tex. 1985).

            Error may not be predicated upon a ruling which admits or excludes evidence unless a substantial right of the party is affected. Tex. R. Evid. 103(a). Reversible error is not shown in evidentiary rulings unless the entire case turns on the particular evidence excluded. Steenberger, 814 S.W.2d at 760; Shenandoah Assocs. v. J&K Properties, Inc., 741 S.W.2d 470, 490 (Tex. App.— Dallas l987, writ denied). We first look to see if the trial court abused its discretion. We then determine whether the error constitutes reversible error.

                                                            AUTHENTICITY

            Patriot argues the trial court erroneously admitted Exhibit 4 over its lack of authenticity objection. Lopez responds the documents produced in response to written discovery are presumed authentic and may be used in a pretrial proceeding or at trial against the producing party unless an objection is lodged within ten days of actual awareness that the document will be used. Tex. R. Civ. P. 193.7. Both parties agree Patriot produced Exhibit 4 in discovery. Lopez argues Patriot failed to object to the authenticity of the exhibit within ten days of knowing Lopez intended to use the document at trial. The trial began on June 23, 2003 before Hon. Terry Canales. The parties offered certain exhibits into evidence. Exhibit 4 was offered by Lopez but not admitted on that date, and the case was continued. Subsequently, Judge Canales was relieved of his duties and the case was retried on May 3, 2004 before a different judge, who admitted Exhibit 4 into evidence. Lopez argues Patriot had knowledge of the potential use of Exhibit 4 when it was marked as an exhibit in the first trial and Patriot failed to object to its authenticity within ten days pursuant to the procedure laid out in Tex. R. Civ. P. 193.7. We agree. Since Patriot produced the document and was aware of its potential use and failed to object, it is deemed authentic as to Patriot. However, that does not end our inquiry. Patriot also objected to the admission of Defendant’s Exhibit 4, claiming it was inadmissible hearsay for which no business record predicate had been laid.

                                                            ADMISSIBILITY

            This case presents the unique situation where the only evidence of a rebate is contained in the Defendant’s Exhibit 4. No witness testified at trial independently about the rebate. Although Richard Lopez was allowed to recite the contents of Exhibit 4, it is clear from his testimony that he had no independent knowledge about the rebate he was seeking and was basing his claims on the document he saw for the first time on the day of trial.

            Exhibit 4 was offered into evidence while Richard Lopez was on the stand. During Patriot’s voir dire of the witness, Richard admitted he had never seen the document before trial. During cross-examination, Richard admitted he was seeking the rebate solely based on Exhibit 4.

            Q:        Now, Mr. Lopez, are you - - are you maintaining today that Sunset Homes was entitled to a $7,741.00 rebate based on the RDA Sales Promotions? And I’m referring to . . . Defendant’s Exhibit No. 4.

            A:        If that’s what it says, that’s what it says right here.

. . .

            Q:  So you’ve never seen this document till today, and based on your observation of this document today, you have come to that conclusion, right?

            A:  Wouldn’t you?

            Q:  Never before during the . . . position as general manager have you ever made that conclusion except for today, true?

            A:  Yes.

            Q:  Okay. Certainly $7,700 is a lot of money that you never even suggested was owed to you until trial today, true?

            A:  True.

            Q:  So it’s pretty much fabricated, isn’t it?

            A:  It’s not fabricated. I did not ... [W]ell I haven’t seen that before, that document. I didn’t know they owed us that money. They produced it. That’s all I’m saying.

            Authenticity and admissibility are two different concepts. Even if a document is authentic, that does not make it admissible. Tex. R. Evid. 901(a). Lopez argues that Exhibit 4 is an admission by a party opponent, Patriot, of the existence of the outstanding rebate pursuant to Tex. R. Evid. 801(e)(2)(A). According to the rules of evidence, a statement is not hearsay if it is offered against a party and is “the party’s own statement.” Tex. R. Evid. 801(e)(2); Trencor, Inc. v. Cornech Machine Co., 115 S.W.3d 145, 151 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2003, pet. denied). However, Exhibit 4 is a one page computer print out that is unclear in its content and meaning. No witness could explain the document and we cannot find such an unclear document of unknown generation can suffice as an admission that a rebate was owed to Lopez. It was an abuse of discretion of the trial court to admit Defendant’s Exhibit 4 since the document was hearsay to which no exception applied. Tex. R. Evid. 802. No other evidence of the rebate was admitted during trial. Therefore, the evidence probably caused the rendition of an improper judgement.  

SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE

            In its third point of error, Patriot contends the trial court erred in entering judgment for the rebate offset in the amount of $7741.50 because the evidence was legally and factually insufficient to support the rebate. In the absence of findings of fact or conclusions of law, an appellate court presumes the trial court made all necessary findings to support the judgment. Marshall v. Telecommunications Specialists, Inc., 806 S.W.2d 904, 906 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1991, no writ); Roberson v. Robinson, 768 S.W.2d 280, 281 (Tex. 1989). In determining whether there is more than a scintilla of evidence to support the judgment and the implied findings of fact, an appellate court can only consider the evidence that is favorable to the judgment and must disregard all evidence to the contrary. Roark v. Allen, 633 S.W.2d 804, 809 (Tex. 1982). If there is any evidence to support the finding, the appellate court must uphold it. Sherman v. First Nat’l Bank, 760 S.W.2d 240, 242 (Tex. 1988). Since we held above that Defendant’s Exhibit 4 was inadmissible hearsay, we are prohibited from considering it as evidence to support the trial court’s judgment. Marshall, 806 S.W.2d at 907. No other evidence was introduced to support a rebate or the rebate amount. Therefore, we sustain Patriot’s third point of error relating to legal sufficiency.

            In its fourth point of error, Patriot argues Exhibit 4 should not have been admitted because the rebate was not disclosed in written discovery responses. Because we have found that it was error to admit Defendant’s Exhibit 4, we need not reach that issue.

CONCLUSION

            We affirm in part and reverse in part and remand this matter to the trial court for entry of judgment consistent with this opinion.