Pacific Freight Lines v. Industrial Accident Commission

157 P.2d 634, 26 Cal. 2d 234, 1945 Cal. LEXIS 149
CourtCalifornia Supreme Court
DecidedMarch 30, 1945
DocketL. A. 19208
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 157 P.2d 634 (Pacific Freight Lines v. Industrial Accident Commission) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering California Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Pacific Freight Lines v. Industrial Accident Commission, 157 P.2d 634, 26 Cal. 2d 234, 1945 Cal. LEXIS 149 (Cal. 1945).

Opinions

SPENCE, J.

Petitioners seek the annulment of an award made hy the Industrial Accident Commission for the death of William Graham Oates. They contend that the commission was without jurisdiction to make the award for the reason that the uncontradicted and unimpeached evidence compelled a finding that the fatal accident was caused by the intoxication [236]*236of Oates. Under section 3600(d) of the Labor Code, liability for compensation exists “Where the injury is not caused by the intoxication of the injured employee.” A review of the entire record sustains petitioners’ contention that they maintained their burden of proof on this affirmative defense (Lab. Code, § 5705(b)) and that an award of compensation was therefore improper.

Before discussing the evidence relating to the cause of the fatal accident, the following facts should be stated: The deceased William Graham Oates was employed by Pacific Freight Lines as a truck driver. On Sunday, April 4, 1943, Oates, as relief driver, was scheduled to take a truck and trailer at El Centro, California, at about 11 p. m. and proceed to Phoenix, Arizona, on a trip which had originated in San Diego, California. Gordon Reynolds, a fellow-employee and truck driver, had a like assignment with respect to another truck and trailer coming from San Diego, except that his ultimate destination was Tucson, Arizona. On the morning of April 4th, the two drivers met at El Monte, California, and proceeded by automobile to El Centro, where they arrived in ample time to assume their driving duties. At the appointed hour they started on their assigned trips with their respective trucks and trailers. They traveled together along the same road and met at various designated stopping places en route until they reached the Phoenix-Tucson highway junction about four miles east of Gila Bend, Arizona, where they were scheduled to go their separate ways to their respective destinations. Reynolds had gone only a few miles beyond the highway junction along the road to Tucson when he was overtaken by Oates, who asked for help in placing a call to the office. At that time Oates was driving his truck only, having lost his trailer at the highway junction. Reynolds unhooked his own trailer from his truck, left it at the side of the road, and followed Oates as he backtracked toward the highway junction. On the return trip Oates traveled at a speed between 60 and 65 miles per hour, and Reynolds could not catch him. While Oates was so proceeding across an overpass and without interference from any other traffic whatsoever, he failed to negotiate a slight bend in the road. As a result his truck went through 175 feet of guard-rail, hurtled from the highway, and came to a stop upside down 130 feet or more out into the adjoining field. Oates died almost immediately from the in[237]*237juries sustained. Oates’ trailer was found later by Reynolds at the highway junction, its tongue broken, apparently from buckling due to some sudden stop.

At the hearing before the commission, Reynolds described in considerable detail Oates’ intoxicated condition and its progressive development from the time he met Oates at El Monte on the morning of April 4th to the time of the accident, which occurred on April 5, 1943, at about 8:25 a. m. It appears that on the road from El Monte to El Centro, Oates commenced drinking beer and whiskey alternately, and continued so to imbibe while passing several hours at the latter place awaiting the appointed hour of departure; and that after starting from El Centro on his assigned trip with his truck and trailer, Oates persisted in his drinking, over Reynolds’ objection, along the route and as they met at various stopping places. Reynolds testified that after crossing the Arizona state line and just before reaching their agreed stop at Welt on, Oates “went off the road five or six times ... he was a drunk driver you might say.” At Welton, Reynolds tried to persuade Oates to “stop and sleep”; they “had pretty hard, disagreeable words there” because Reynolds “didn’t want him to go on” but Oates was determined to proceed. Both men stopped their trucks again about four miles west of Gila Bend; at this point Reynolds said Oates “was pretty fair drunk.” Reynolds “left that spot first,” drove into Gila Bend and stopped at a restaurant for coffee. While he was sitting there he saw Oates drive down the road—“that truck came off that hill just like a roaring airplane motor; people just running out of there; come near hitting a little girl right down there by the hotel, and he went right on through town. Everybody got out of the way; was scared.” Reynolds resumed his trip and did not see Oates again until Oates “caught up” with him some four miles beyond the Phoenix-Tucson highway junction. Oates was driving only his truck, laughed as he said that he had “lost” his trailer, and asked Reynolds to “call the office” for him. Reynolds testified that at that time “his (Oates) eyes looked like, well, just like glaring at you. He wasn’t seeing anything, just drunk. ... He staggered ... he just seemed like he didn’t know what he was saying ... he was drunk, and he was past drunk, drinking that hot beer and hot whiskey; the man was absolutely out of his head, that’s all that [there] is to it.” [238]*238Riding with Oates in the truck was a hitchhiker, who, however, did no talking because “he was too drunk to; he was out.” It was on the return trip toward the Phoenix-Tueson highway junction that Oates’ truck ran off the road, as above described. Oates was killed and the hitchhiker was seriously injured.

Reynolds had the opportunity to observe the inception and development of Oates’ intoxication by reason of their close association during the two days of travel here in question. His testimony not only stands uncontradicted and unimpeached in the record, but its credibility is emphasized by the statement of Virgil Elmore, Pacific Freight Lines’ driver of Oates’ truck on the preliminary trip from San Diego to El Centro on April 4th, that when he “turned over” the truck to Oates at the Pacific Freight Lines’ Terminal at El Centro, he detected “the odor of alcoholic liquor on his (Oates) breath”; that “you could tell he’d been drinking.”

The commission concedes that “the evidence establishes that the employee was intoxicated at the time of the injury,” but in support of its finding that “the evidence does not establish that said injury was caused by the intoxication of the employee,” the commission claims that the evidence as to the cause of the injury is conflicting. In support of this position it relies solely upon the following statement in the Arizona death certificate in this matter: “Immediate Cause of Death. Coroner’s Jury Verdict—The truck he was driving left the road while on a curve. Evidence shows that right rear wheel locked due to some mechanical defect.” (Italics added.) Objection was unsuccessfully made to the admission of this certificate on the ground that it was hearsay, not binding on petitioners and immaterial insofar as establishing the fact of death was concerned, as that had been stipulated. Thereafter the complete transcript of the testimony taken at the coroner’s inquest in Arizona was introduced before the commission (County of Los Angeles v. Industrial Acc. Com., 123 Cal.App. 12, 15 [11 P.2d 434]) to show that the coroner’s jury verdict was totally lacking in evidentiary support. An analysis of this point of challenge to the propriety of the commission’s finding and consequent award shows it to be well taken.

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Pacific Freight Lines v. Industrial Accident Commission
157 P.2d 634 (California Supreme Court, 1945)

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Bluebook (online)
157 P.2d 634, 26 Cal. 2d 234, 1945 Cal. LEXIS 149, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/pacific-freight-lines-v-industrial-accident-commission-cal-1945.