O'Neal v. Burley

CourtCourt of Appeals of North Carolina
DecidedFebruary 21, 2023
Docket22-624
StatusPublished

This text of O'Neal v. Burley (O'Neal v. Burley) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
O'Neal v. Burley, (N.C. Ct. App. 2023).

Opinion

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA

No. COA22-624

Filed 21 February 2023

Hyde County, No. 19 CVS 60

HEATHER O’NEAL and FLETCHER O’NEAL, Plaintiffs,

v.

ARLEEN BURLEY, and DEVIL SHOAL OYSTER & CLAM CO., LLP, Defendants.

Appeal by defendant from judgment entered 29 April 2022 by Judge Wayland

J. Sermons, Jr. in Hyde County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 11

January 2023.

Sharp, Graham, Baker & Varnell, LLP, by Casey C. Varnell, for Plaintiffs- Appellees.

Rodman, Holscher, Peck, Edwards & Hill, P.A., by Chad H. Stoop, for Defendant-Appellant Arleen Burley.

CARPENTER, Judge.

Arleen Burley (“Defendant”) appeals from the “Amended Judgment” entered

by the trial court. In her prior appeal in this matter, Defendant challenged the trial

court’s original judgment, which judicially dissolved and wound up Devil Shoal

Oyster & Clam Co., LLP (“Devil Shoal”)1; the appeal was dismissed as interlocutory.

1 Devil Shoal is not a party to this appeal. O’NEAL V. BURLEY

Opinion of the Court

O’Neal v. Burley, 2022-NCCOA-238 (unpublished) (“O’Neal I”).

In the instant appeal, Defendant raises the same challenges to the trial court’s

Amended Judgment: that the trial court erred in concluding Devil Shoal is a limited

partnership, and in classifying, allocating, and distributing the partnership’s

assets—including insurance proceeds—and liabilities. After careful review, we agree

with Defendant that Devil Shoal is a general partnership and that the trial court

erred in its wind up of Devil Shoal. Accordingly, we reverse and remand the Amended

Judgment for the trial court to: determine Devil Shoal’s date of dissolution; classify

and value Devil Shoal’s assets and liabilities; satisfy any liabilities, including the

partners’ contributions; and allocate to the partners any remaining property of Devil

Shoal.

I. Factual & Procedural Background

In O’Neal I, we summarized the pertinent factual history of the case:

This case arises from a dispute between two general partners of a partnership over the classification and distribution of partnership assets. On 1 October 2015, Plaintiff Heather O’Neal and Defendant (collectively, the “Partners”) executed the “Limited Partnership Agreement” (the “Agreement”), memorializing the terms and conditions of the partnership. The conditions of the partnership included: (1) Defendant would provide the partnership use of a shellfish bottom lease (“Lease 9802”) and related water column amendment, granted by the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries to Defendant in her individual name; (2) Plaintiff Heather O'Neal would provide the partnership a boat and crew to set up, maintain, and harvest shellfish on Lease 9802; (3) the Partners would share equally the costs of gear and seed; and (4) the

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Partners would share equally the net profit of the business. The Agreement also provided that the partnership term would “continue until mutually agreed dissolution or transfer.”

On 9 January of 2018, Devil Shoal obtained its own 4.84- acre shellfish bottom lease (“Lease 9787”) and a corresponding amendment to add the superjacent water column. The Partners agreed through an addendum to the Agreement that Devil Shoal would “fully own and operate” Lease 9787 and its respective water column.

In July of 2018, the Partners had discussions concerning Plaintiff Heather O’Neal buying out Defendant’s share of Devil Shoal. After unsuccessful negotiations, Plaintiff Heather O’Neal informed Defendant by email on 1 August 2018 that she would be seeking a separate lease but would continue to utilize Lease 9787 with her own gear and seed until Plaintiff Heather O’Neal obtained a new lease. On 2 August 2018, Defendant responded to Plaintiff Heather O’Neal’s email, advising “[a]ny seed or gear purchased by you needs to be placed on your own lease” and “[s]eed and equipment placed on the partnership leases becomes the property of Devil Shoal Oyster & Clam Co.”

O’Neal, 2022-NCCOA-238, ¶¶ 2–4.

Between 2015 and 2017, the Partners obtained three loans for Devil Shoal: (1)

a Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loan for $8,900.00 to purchase a

refrigerated truck; (2) “Golden Leaf Loan 1” for $15,000.00, which was used to

purchase gear; and (3) “Golden Leaf Loan 2” for $15,000.00, which was used to

establish Lease 9787 and purchase its equipment.

On 17 December 2019, Plaintiff Heather O’Neal and her spouse, Fletcher O’Neal (collectively, the “Plaintiffs”), commenced the instant action by filing a verified complaint and issuing a summons for Defendant. In their complaint,

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Plaintiffs sought a judicial decree dissolving the Devil Shoal partnership and a declaratory judgment against Defendant, holding she committed a violation of N.C. Gen. Stat. § 75-1.1 for unfair and deceptive trade practices by “willfully and intentionally misappropriat[ing] insurance proceeds that were paid to the Partnership . . . .” As an alternative cause of action to the Chapter 75 violation, Plaintiffs alleged a cause of action for constructive fraud related to the allocation of insurance proceeds. On 21 January 2020, Defendant filed an answer pro se. On 20 February 2020, Defendant filed, through counsel, an amended answer.

On 6 April 2021, a bench trial was held before the Honorable Wayland J. Sermons, Jr., judge presiding. Testimony from the parties revealed the following: Plaintiff Fletcher O'Neal performed services for Devil Shoal as the farm manager, in which he purchased seed, performed marketing tasks, sold product, and obtained the necessary permits. He was not paid by Devil Shoal for his services.

No new crops had been planted on behalf of Devil Shoal since 2017. Plaintiffs planted and harvested oyster crops on Lease 9787 in 2018 and 2019, using seed and gear they purchased individually. Defendant began planting clams again at Lease 9208 in June of 2019, which were separate from the partnership. In 2019, Hurricane Dorian destroyed “about half of [the oyster] crop” planted by Plaintiffs and some of the clam crop planted by Defendant. During this period, Devil Shoal’s crops on Lease 9802 and Lease 9787 were protected under the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (“NAP”). Plaintiffs and Defendant applied for NAP financial assistance under the partnership name because Devil Shoal was the named lessee of the Lease 9787 and “the [insurance] policy was under the partnership [name].” Based on a calculation worksheet prepared by the Farm Service Agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (“USDA”), Devil Shoal was entitled to a NAP payment of $63,328.00, minus a $ 3,157.00 insurance premium. In December of 2019, NAP proceeds totaling $59,596.00 were deposited into the

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Devil Shoal bank account. Using these funds, Defendant paid off two remaining partnership loans and took $34,059.95 as her share.

In addition to NAP, Defendant and Plaintiffs applied for assistance under the Wildfires and Hurricanes Indemnity Program (“WHIP”) for the damaged 2018 and 2019 crops, listing Devil Shoal as the producer. The gross WHIP payments were calculated to be $541.00 for clam crops in 2018, and $22,538.00 for oyster crops in 2019.

O’Neal, 2022-NCCOA-238, ¶¶ 5–8. Using the NAP funds, Defendant paid off the

$8,009.12 SBA loan balance and the $7,982.07 Golden Leaf Loan 1 balance. Using a

corporation she formed, Defendant assumed the remaining $8,900.12 Golden Leaf

Loan 2 balance.

On 6 May 2021, the trial court entered its original judgment, in which it, inter

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O'Neal v. Burley, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/oneal-v-burley-ncctapp-2023.