Mitchell v. Pacific First Bank

880 P.2d 490, 130 Or. App. 65, 1994 Ore. App. LEXIS 1344
CourtCourt of Appeals of Oregon
DecidedSeptember 7, 1994
Docket90C-11087; CA A77581
StatusPublished
Cited by12 cases

This text of 880 P.2d 490 (Mitchell v. Pacific First Bank) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Oregon primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Mitchell v. Pacific First Bank, 880 P.2d 490, 130 Or. App. 65, 1994 Ore. App. LEXIS 1344 (Or. Ct. App. 1994).

Opinions

[67]*67DEITS, P. J.

Plaintiffs, prevailing parties in a breach of contract claim, appeal the trial court’s denial of their motion for attorney fees. Defendant cross-appeals the denial of its motion for a directed verdict. We reverse on the appeal and affirm on the cross-appeal.

In 1984, plaintiffs purchased property for $39,500. They paid $5,000 down and obtained a $34,500 loan from American Home Savings (AHS). The loan was secured by a trust deed on the properly. Beginning in 1985, plaintiffs were unable to make some payments on the loan due to “extreme hardship” involving family medical problems. AHS entered into “work-out agreements” with plaintiffs, allowing them to make additional payments to cure the default. Plaintiffs completed the work-out agreements, including the payment of late fees that had accrued prior to each work-out agreement. Plaintiffs paid the late fees charged by AHS as part of the work-out agreements, even though plaintiffs understood the agreements to be a waiver of late fees. According to defendant, AHS agreed to waive only late fees that accrued during the work-out agreements.

In February, 1989, AHS told plaintiffs of a delinquency of approximately $1,300 on the loan. Plaintiffs disputed the amount of the delinquency. They told AHS that not all of their payments had been properly credited to the account. AHS agreed to audit their account again and later told plaintiffs that, if they paid $860, the loan would be transferred in good standing to defendant, AHS’s successor in interest. Plaintiffs paid $860 to AHS, bringing them current until, at least, March 1,1989.

However, plaintiffs received a notice of default on March 16, 1989, which said that they owed $1,784, with $198.07 and $17.01 in late charges. Plaintiffs contacted AHS and were informed that their loan had been transferred to defendant. Plaintiffs then contacted defendant and spoke with an employee, Fleck. Plaintiffs explained to Fleck that they did not owe $1,700. On March 29, 1989, Fleck sent plaintiffs a letter indicating that their account was delinquent $1,586.59, because of missed payments from December, 1988, through March, 1989.

[68]*68Plaintiffs received their first coupon from defendant for the April, 1989, payment. The coupon requested a payment of $430 and did not indicate an arrearage. They paid the April payment. On April 17,1989, plaintiffs received another notice of default, which said that they owed a total of $1,802.07, with a past due amount of $1,586.59, a late charge of $17.41 and a total late charge of $215.48. It was stated in an accompanying letter that: “This letter acknowledges receipt of and thank you for your payment which was credited to your loan on April 6. As of this date, $1,586.59 remains owing, which represents the January through April payments.”

Plaintiffs testified that they understood that the $860 payment to AHS, defendant’s predecessor in interest, in March, 1989, had fully satisfied any delinquency on the account, including late fees, and that they had made the April, 1989, payment. Plaintiffs told defendant that they had made the payments for January through April, 1989. Plaintiff Margaret Mitchell testified:

“[Yvonne Nehl, who worked for defendant] told me that the records that they had got[ten] from [AHS] were in such a mess that she was unable to determine what had been paid, when, or where, and so they really could not figure out where the account was. She said that there was nobody from [AHS] that had come to [defendant] from — that they could check with the records on or talk to them about it, and so she said they were absolutely unable to figure out what had been paid or where because the records were in such a mess.”

When plaintiffs tendered their payment in May, 1989, defendant refused to accept it, claiming that it was insufficient. Defendant also returned their April, 1989, payment.

After those payments were returned, plaintiffs advised defendant that they were current on their loan and that the payments that defendant claimed were past due had been made to AHS. Plaintiffs also told defendant that. AHS had agreed to waive late fees and that part of the alleged delinquency may have been late fees that should have been waived. Defendant, however, continued to refuse plaintiffs’ monthly payments on the ground that the payments were insufficient to cure the default. Defendant then issued a notice of intent to foreclose non-judicially. Plaintiffs retained a lawyer and opened an account in which they deposited [69]*69amounts equal to their monthly loan payments. After the notice of sale, plaintiffs tendered various amounts of money to defendant, including $6,000 immediately before the nonjudicial foreclosure. Defendant refused the tender and maintained that plaintiffs owed $7,800 on the loan. Plaintiffs filed a motion to enjoin defendants from foreclosing on the property. However, by the time that motion was heard by the trial court, the property had been sold.

Plaintiffs filed this action against defendant, which consisted of three claims for relief, breach of contract, an accounting and wrongful foreclosure. Before the case was submitted to the juiy, defendant moved for a directed verdict on each of plaintiffs’ three claims for relief. The trial court granted a directed verdict for defendant on plaintiffs’ claims for an accounting and for wrongful foreclosure,1 but denied a directed verdict on plaintiffs’ breach of contract claim. The jury returned a verdict in plaintiffs’ favor. After the jury returned the verdict, plaintiffs moved to amend their pleadings to clarify the source of their request for attorney fees. The motion was denied. Plaintiffs then moved for attorney fees, which was also denied.

On appeal, plaintiffs seek review of the trial court’s denial of its motions to amend the pleadings and for attorney fees. Defendant cross-appeals the denial of its motion for a directed verdict on plaintiffs’ breach of contract claim. We first address the issues raised by defendant’s cross-appeal.

Defendant moved for a directed verdict on plaintiffs’ breach of contract claim on three grounds. First, defendant argued that Count II of plaintiffs’ breach of contract claim is “actually a defense” parlayed into a cause of action. According to defendant, estoppel or waiver cannot be used “to support or assert a claim.” However, plaintiffs’ cause of action is not estoppel or waiver; it is breach of contract. Here, plaintiffs allege that defendant breached the contract by rejecting their payments, declaring a default and accelerating the loan. Defendant responds that its actions were proper because plaintiffs were in default and their payments did not include past due amounts. Plaintiffs assert that they were not in default and that, even if they were in default, defendant [70]*70waived the “time of the essence” and late fees provision of the contract. Accordingly, plaintiffs may use the theory of waiver in support of their breach of contract claim. See, e.g., Abercrombie v. Hayden Corp., 122 Or App 355, 858 P2d 152 (1993), rev allowed 318 Or 325 (1994).2

Defendant next argues that a directed verdict should have been entered against plaintiffs on their breach of contract claim, because the claim was premature. Defendant contends that plaintiffs’

“complaint was filed while a non-judicial foreclosure of a trust deed against plaintiffs’ property was underway, but not completed by a public auction.

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Mitchell v. Pacific First Bank
880 P.2d 490 (Court of Appeals of Oregon, 1994)

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Bluebook (online)
880 P.2d 490, 130 Or. App. 65, 1994 Ore. App. LEXIS 1344, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/mitchell-v-pacific-first-bank-orctapp-1994.