Mitchell v. Golden

420 S.E.2d 482, 107 N.C. App. 413, 1992 N.C. App. LEXIS 730
CourtCourt of Appeals of North Carolina
DecidedSeptember 15, 1992
Docket9121SC724
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 420 S.E.2d 482 (Mitchell v. Golden) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Mitchell v. Golden, 420 S.E.2d 482, 107 N.C. App. 413, 1992 N.C. App. LEXIS 730 (N.C. Ct. App. 1992).

Opinions

WALKER, Judge.

Defendants present two arguments to this Court on appeal: (1) the trial court erred in failing to exclude Constance Mitchell’s affidavit and in denying defendants’ motion for summary judgment; and (2) the trial court erred in failing to grant defendants’ motion for a directed verdict.

Defendants first contend that plaintiff admitted in her deposition that prior to 1987 her use of the roadway had not been hostile or adverse and that she never claimed the roadway as her own. They argue that because of this admission, summary judgment should have been granted in their favor, and also that in response to defendants’ motion for summary judgment, plaintiff contradicted this sworn testimony by filing an affidavit which stated:

7. That this property has been serviced by a gravel roadway which has been the sole means of ingress and egress for as long as I have lived there, and we have put gravel on it and kept it passable. (Emphasis added.)

Defendants hereby excepted to the trial court’s consideration of the affidavit on the ground that it was contrary to plaintiff’s prior admission in her deposition.

This Court has previously considered the question of “whether a party opposing a motion for summary judgment by filing an affidavit contradicting his prior sworn testimony has ‘set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial’ ” and determined that “a party should not be allowed to create an issue of fact in this manner.” Wachovia Mortgage Co. v. Autry-Barker-Spurrier Real Estate, Inc., 39 N.C.App 1, 9, 249 S.E.2d 727, 732 (1978), aff'd, 297 N.C. 696, 256 S.E.2d 688 (1979). We do not find plaintiff’s affidavit to be inconsistent with her deposition testimony, but in fact it corroborated a portion of her testimony in which she stated that she “put rock” on the roadway. We therefore hold [417]*417that the trial court properly considered plaintiff’s affidavit in opposition to defendants’ motion for summary judgment.

Rule 56, N.C. Rules of Civil Procedure, provides that summary judgment is proper “if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that ... [a] party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” Defendants are thereby entitled to summary judgment if they establish either the nonexistence of an essential element of plaintiff’s claim or show that plaintiff could not produce evidence of an essential element of her claim. Roumillat v. Simplistic Enterprises, Inc., 331 N.C. 57, 414 S.E.2d 339 (1992).

Insofar as plaintiff claims an easement by prescription she must prove by the greater weight of the evidence that: (1) the use is adverse, hostile or under claim of right; (2) the use has been open and notorious such that the true owner had notice of the claim; (3) the use has been continuous and uninterrupted for a period of at least twenty years; and (4) there is substantial identity of easement claimed throughout the twenty year period. Potts v. Burnette, 301 N.C. 663, 273 S.E.2d 285 (1981); Dickinson v. Pake, 284 N.C. 576, 201 S.E.2d 897 (1974); Johnson v. Stanley, 96 N.C.App. 72, 384 S.E.2d 577 (1989). In opposition to defendants’ motion for summary judgment, plaintiff’s evidence included her affidavit and the affidavits of Larson Mitchell, Robert Solomon, and Joseph E. Franklin, a registered surveyor. Having determined that plaintiff’s affidavit does not contradict her deposition testimony and was properly admitted, we find the evidence presented creates an issue of fact as to whether plaintiff’s use of the roadway was adverse, hostile or under claim of right. The trial court correctly denied defendants’ motion for summary judgment.

Defendants next assign error to the trial court’s failure to grant their motion for a directed verdict. They argue that plaintiff failed to establish a prima facie case of an easement by prescription because her own testimony indicated her use of the land was neither hostile nor adverse for the requisite period of time, and therefore a directed verdict was appropriate. Hong v. George Goodyear Co., 63 N.C.App. 741, 306 S.E.2d 157 (1983). In answer to defendants’ questioning, plaintiff testified at trial:

[418]*418Q. You never told the Goldens that you were making any type of claim of right to the use of that roadway prior to filing this lawsuit, did you?
A. That’s the only way I have to get to my house.
THE COURT: Ma’am, answer his question; you may explain if you need to.
Q. Did you ever go to the Goldens and make an offer to purchase an easement or right to go across their property?
A. No.
Q. Did you ever put up any sign on the Golden road indicating any claim of right to that roadway?
A. No.
Q. Would it be true to say that you never did anything to put the Goldens on notice that you were asserting a claim of right into that roadway, did you?
A. No.

Defendants allege this testimony constitutes an admission that plaintiff never put defendants on notice that she was asserting a claim of right, which is dispositive of the issue of hostile use. They also contend that plaintiff’s evidence only showed that she put gravel on the roadway on two occasions, in 1951 or 1956 and in 1987, and which fails to establish twenty years of continuous adverse use, since prior to 1958 the land upon which plaintiff seeks to claim an easement by prescription was owned by Lillie Mitchell and there is no evidence to support a theory of tacking. Defendants submit that any graveling done prior to 1958 is thereby inconsequential.

We note that “[t]he law presumes that the use of a way over another’s land is permissive or with the owner’s consent unless the contrary appears.” Dickinson v. Pake at 580, 201 S.E.2d at 900. (Citations omitted.) See also Potts v. Burnette, supra; Delk v. Hill, 89 N.C.App. 83, 365 S.E.2d 218, disc. review denied, 322 N.C. 605, 370 S.E.2d 244 (1988). Therefore, in order to establish an easement by prescription, “[t]here must be some evidence accompanying the user which tends to show that the use is hostile in [419]*419character and tends to repel the inference that it is permissive and with the owner’s consent.” Dickinson v. Pake at 581, 201 S.E.2d at 900. However, the rule in this regard, which was originally stated in Dulin v. Faires, 266 N.C. 257, 260-261, 145 S.E.2d 873

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Mitchell v. Golden
420 S.E.2d 482 (Court of Appeals of North Carolina, 1992)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
420 S.E.2d 482, 107 N.C. App. 413, 1992 N.C. App. LEXIS 730, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/mitchell-v-golden-ncctapp-1992.