MIB, Inc. v. Tracy

699 N.E.2d 44, 83 Ohio St. 3d 154
Ohio Supreme Court·Decided September 23, 1998·No. No. 97-1283·Published·Cited by 4 cases

Opinions

Per Curiam.

Appellant first contends that the members’ requests for information are not taxable under former R.C. 5739.01(B)(3)(e) because the members do not have direct access to the computer where the information is stored. The essence of MIB’s contention is that because the members do not have direct control of the main computer where information is stored, the members do not receive access to its computer equipment. We disagree.

Although the tax at issue is the use tax, R.C. 5741.02(C)(2) excepts from the application of the use tax the acquisition of tangible personal property and services “which, if made in Ohio, would be a sale not subject to the tax imposed by sections 5739.01 to 5739.31 of the Revised Code.” Therefore, we will discuss only whether MIB’s transactions with its members are subject to the sales tax.

During the audit period, R.C. 5739.01(B)(3)(e) provided:

“(B) ‘Sale’ * * * include[s] all of the following transactions for a consideration
:|: * *.
“(3) All transactions by which:
(( * # *
“(e) Automatic data processing or computer services are or are to be provided for use in business when the true object of the transaction is the receipt by the consumer of automatic data processing or computer services rather than the receipt of personal or professional services to which automatic data processing or computer services are incidental or supplemental.”

In addition, former R.C.- 5739.01(Y)(1) provided:

■ “ ‘Automatic data processing' and computer services’ means: * * * processing Of others’ data, including keypunching or similar data entry services together with verification thereof; providing access to computer equipment for the purpose of processing data or examining or acquiring data stored in or accessible to such computer equipment * * *. ‘Automatic data processing, and computer services’ shall not include personal or professional services.”

[157] In support of its argument, MIB cites Tax Commr. Op. No. 92-0007 (Apr. 30, 1992), and PNC Bank, Ohio, N.A. v. Tracy (July 7, 1995), BTA No. 93-T-1316. After reviewing these cases, we find them not helpful or persuasive because neither is analogous to the fact pattern presented by this case.

In Quotron Sys., Inc. v. Limbach (1992), 62 Ohio St.3d 447, 584 N.E.2d 658, customers were able to access Quotron’s computers to receive current pricing information on securities and commodities. In Amerestate, Inc. v. Tracy (1995), 72 Ohio St.3d 222, 648 N.E.2d 1336, customers were able to contact Amerestate’s computer to download and print the information desired. In both of these cases, we held that the services provided were taxable as automatic data processing and computer services.

MIB attempts to distinguish its factual situation from Quotron and Amerestate by pointing out that in those cases the customers had direct access to the database where the information was stored. However, the wording of the statute does not require that the members have direct access to search MIB’s host computer before their transactions can be taxed.

Prior to the audit period in this case, the definition of “automatic data processing and computer services” in former R.C. 5739.0100 did require the vendor to provide “direct access to computer equipment.” 140 Ohio Laws, Part II, 2872, 3220. However, in 1985 the General Assembly amended the definition to remove the word “direct.” 140 Ohio Laws, Part I, 225, 233.

During the audit period, former R.C. 5739.0100(1) defined “automatic data processing and computer services” as “providing access to computer equipment for the purpose of processing data or examining or acquiring data stored in or accessible to such computer equipment.” (Emphasis added.) See 142 Ohio Laws, Part 1,1435, 1496.

The two words in R.C. 5739.0100(1) that are key to our decision are “access” and “acquiring.” R.C. 1.42 provides that “[wjords and phrases shall be read in context and construed according to the rules of grammar and common usage. Words and phrases that have acquired a technical or particular meaning, whether by legislative definition or otherwise, shall be construed accordingly.”

The word “access,” as defined in Webster’s Third New International Dictionary (1986), at 11, has several meanings, but the ones most appropriate to the context of this statute are “permission, liberty, or ability to enter, approach, communicate with” and “freedom or ability to obtain or make use of.” According to these definitions of “access,” MIB’s members had “access” to MIB’s computer because they had the ability to communicate with and enter and make use of MIB’s computer equipment to retrieve the data stored therein.

[158] The second word of importance in R.C. 5739.01(Y)(1) is “acquiring.” Again, the word “acquiring” is not defined in the statute; however, the definition for “acquire” set forth in Webster’s Third New International Dictionary at 18 is “to come into possession, control, or power of disposal of often by some uncertain or unspecified means.” The facts in this case clearly show that MIB’s members do come into possession of information from MIB’s computers. The primary purpose of the members for making an. inquiry is to acquire the information stored in MIB’s computers concerning applicants.

Despite the inability of MIB’s members to search directly the data stored in MIB’s computer, the members had access to MIB’s computers. Members were able to access MIB’s computer equipment using the equipment in their offices provided by MIB. Despite the inability of the members to search MIB’s data files directly, and despite the members’ requests being routed through several computers, the members had access to MIB’s computers for the purpose of examining and acquiring the data stored therein. As the BTA so aptly put it, “the computers utilized by MIB’s members worked in direct concert with the computers at MIB to provide that member with access to the information sought by that member.” Thus, the transactions between MIB and its members qualify as automatic data processing and computer services,

MIB argues next that it is rendering a personal service. In support of this argument,. MIB cites three cases: Credit Bur. of Miami Cty. v. Collins (1977), 50 Ohio St.2d 270, 4 O.O.3d 439, 364 N.E.2d 27; Avco Broadcasting Corp. v. Bindley (1978), 53 Ohio St.2d 64, 7 O.O.3d 145, 372 N.E.2d 350; and Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Bindley (1981), 66 Ohio St.2d 295, 20 O.O.3d 280, 421 N.E.2d 525. MIB contends that its activities are similar to those granted exemption in these three cases. We disagree with MIB’s analysis.

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MIB, Inc. v. Tracy, 699 N.E.2d 44, 83 Ohio St. 3d 154 (Ohio 1998).

699 N.E.2d 44 (MIB, Inc. v. Tracy) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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