McKeown v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation

869 A.2d 556, 2004 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 982
CourtCommonwealth Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedDecember 7, 2004
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 869 A.2d 556 (McKeown v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
McKeown v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation, 869 A.2d 556, 2004 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 982 (Pa. Ct. App. 2004).

Opinion

OPINION BY

Judge LEAVITT.

Edmund F. McKeown (Licensee) appeals from an order of the Court of Common Pleas of Monroe County (trial court) denying his statutory appeal of a one-year suspension of his driver’s license. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing (Department) suspended Licensee’s operating privileges after his conviction of violating the New Jersey statute prohibiting driving while intoxicated (DWI).1 It was Licensee’s first offense. The license suspension was imposed in accordance with 75 Pa.C.S. §§ 1532(b)(3)2 and 1581, Article IV.3 For the reasons set forth herein, we affirm.

[559]*559On January 9, 2003, Licensee was charged with DWI in the State of New Jersey, and he was convicted on July 9, 2003. New Jersey is a party to the Driver License Compact of 1961. See N.J.S.A. §§ 39:5D-l-39:5D-3. Pursuant to Article III of the Compact, the New Jersey Division of Motor Vehicles reported Licensee’s conviction to the Department. On November 21, 2003, the Department notified Licensee that his operating privilege was suspended for one year, as required by 75 Pa.C.S. §§ 1532(b)(3) and 1581, Article IV. On December 19, 2003, Licensee filed a timely statutory appeal of that suspension.

At the de novo hearing before the trial court on March 19, 2004, Licensee argued that his license suspension violated equal protection. The Act of September 30, 2003, P.L. 120, No. 24 (Act 2003-24),4 reduced the civil sanction for a first time DWI conviction; it does not require the Department to impose a one-year suspension of driving privileges as a result of this conviction.5 Licensee contended that it would violate equal protection were his license to be suspended simply because his conviction occurred before the effective date of the Act 2003-24. The trial court concluded that

the amendments to 75 Pa.C.S.A. § 3804, effective February 1, 2004, have no applicability to a New Jersey conviction occurring on July 9, 2003, nor a Notice of Suspension dated November 21, 2003, and ... that the Commonwealth has met the due process requirements articulated by our Supreme Court in Harrington v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Transportation, 563 Pa. 565, 763 A.2d 386 (2000).

Order of April 15, 2004. The trial court dismissed Licensee’s appeal, and Licensee appealed to this Court.

On appeal,6 Licensee raises one issue. Licensee asserts that he has been deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the U.S. and Pennsylvania Constitutions. U.S. Const, amend. XIV; Pa. Const., Art. 1, §§ 1, 26. He argues that Act 2003-24 has established disparate treatment of similarly situated persons as of its effective date of February 1, 2004. He explains that those convicted of an out-of-state DWI before the effective date of Act 2003-24 are subject to a license suspension, but those convicted of the same offense after that date are not so burdened. To highlight his claim of disparate treatment, Licensee offers the following hypothetical: Assume two Pennsylvania drivers are arrested for a first time DWI offense on the same day, prior to the [560]*560effective date of Act 2003-04. Driver No. 1 is convicted on January 31, 2004, and his license is suspended; Driver No. 2 is convicted on February 1, 2004, and he keeps his license. Indeed, Licensee postulates that a driver convicted of a DWI prior to February 1, 2004, could withdraw his guilty plea and enter a new plea after February 1 to “reap the benefits of the new law.” Licensee’s Brief at 11.

The Department counters that Licensee misreprehends the change in the law. The General Assembly included a number of “savings provisions” that dealt with violations of statutory provisions occurring pri- or to the February 1, 2004, the effective date of Chapter 38. Section 21 of Act 2003-24 provides as follows:

(1) The repeal of 18 Pa.C.S. § 7513 shall not affect offenses committed prior to February 1, 2004.
(2) The repeal of 18 Pa.C.S. § 7514 and 75 Pa.C.S. § 3731 shall not affect offenses committed prior to February 1, 2004, or civil and administrative penalties imposed as a result of those offenses.
(3) An individual sentenced under 18 Pa. C.S. § 7514 or 75 Pa.C.S. § 3731 shall be subject to administrative and civil sanctions in effect on January 31, 2004.
(4) An individual sentenced under 75 Pa.C.S. Ch. 38 shall be subject to administrative and civil sanctions under this act.
(5) The following apply to offenses committed before February 1, 2004:
(i) Except as set forth in subparagraph (ii)or (iii), this act shall not affect an offense committed before February 1, 200k, or any criminal, civil and administrative penalty assessed as a result of that offense.
(ii) Subparagraph (i) does not apply if a provision added or amended by this act specifies application to an offense committed before February 1, 2004, or to any criminal, civil or administrative penalty assessed as a result of that offense.
(iii)Subparagraph (i) does not apply to the following provisions:
(A) The amendment of 42 Pa.C.S. § 7003(5) in section 3 of this act.
(B) The amendment of 75 Pa.C.S. § 1516(c) and (d).
(C) The amendment of 75 Pa.C.S. § 1534(b).
(D) The amendment of 75 Pa.C.S. § 1547(d) in section 9.1 of this act.
(E) The amendment of 75 Pa.C.S. § 3731(a)(4)® and (a.l)(l)(i) in section 13 of this act.

(emphasis added). Under Section 21, the date of conviction is irrelevant; rather, it is the date the offense was committed that determines the applicability of the new reduced sanction for first time DWI offenses. The civil and criminal sanctions for offenses committed prior to February 1, 2004, survive after February 1, 2004.

Licensee has a heavy burden to show that Act 2003-24 “clearly, palpably and plainly” violates the constitution. Commonwealth v. Sutley, 474 Pa. 256, 260-61, 378 A.2d 780, 782 (1977). As has been explained by our Supreme Court,

There is, of course, a presumption of constitutionality attaching to any lawfully enacted legislation. Should the constitutionality of such legislation be challenged, the challenger must meet the burden of rebutting the presumption of constitutionality by a clear, palpable, and plain demonstration that the statute violated a constitutional provision.

James v. Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, 505 Pa. 137, 142, 477 A.2d 1302, 1304 (1984).

[561]*561The starting point for an equal protection challenge is whether the State has created a classification for the unequal distribution of benefits or burdens. Commonwealth v. Parker White Metal Co., 512 Pa.

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Bluebook (online)
869 A.2d 556, 2004 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 982, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/mckeown-v-commonwealth-department-of-transportation-pacommwct-2004.