2022 IL App (4th) 210474 FILED NO. 4-21-0474 June 17, 2022 Carla Bender IN THE APPELLATE COURT 4th District Appellate Court, IL OF ILLINOIS
FOURTH DISTRICT
LEIGH MAZRIM, as Parent and Legal Guardian of ) Appeal from G.M., ) Circuit Court of Petitioner-Appellee, ) Sangamon County v. ) No. 21MR869 DECATUR MEMORIAL HOSPITAL and THE ) DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, ) Honorable ) Jennifer M. Ascher, Respondents ) Judge Presiding. (Decatur Memorial Hospital, Respondent-Appellant).
JUSTICE HOLDER WHITE delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Justices DeArmond and Turner concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶1 Respondent, Decatur Memorial Hospital, appeals the judgment of the circuit court
granting petitioner, Leigh Mazrim, as parent and legal guardian of G.M., her petition for
discovery pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rule 224 (eff. Jan. 1, 2018), which allowed
petitioner to “conduct discovery to identify those individuals and entities who are potentially
responsible in damages pursuant to a [sic] Supreme Court Rule 224, which necessitates the
production of the prenatal care records of Amanda McGuire while pregnant with [G.M.].”
¶2 On appeal, respondent argues the circuit court erred in granting the petition for
discovery. Respondent maintains that allowing petitioner’s discovery request for information not
related to identification so petitioner can determine how the individuals named in the requested
medical records could be liable was improper where the records sought were those of G.M.’s
biological mother while G.M. was in utero and the biological mother did not consent to the release of the records. Specifically, respondent asserts the circuit court abused its discretion by
failing to limit the scope of discovery to ascertaining identity only as required by Rule 224. We
affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand with directions.
¶3 I. BACKGROUND
¶4 On June 29, 2021, petitioner filed a petition for discovery pursuant to Rule 224,
naming both Decatur Memorial Hospital and the Department of Corrections as respondents.
Petitioner provided that on October 12, 2019, G.M. was born to Amanda McGuire at Decatur
Memorial Hospital. Petitioner alleged that, during birth, G.M. sustained birth-related injuries as a
result of negligent prenatal care of Amanda McGuire and negligent treatment surrounding the
labor and delivery of G.M. Petitioner further asserted Amanda McGuire received prenatal care
and treatment while she was pregnant with G.M. and incarcerated at Logan Correctional Center.
On March 16, 2021, the circuit court in Sangamon County entered a judgment of adoption
naming petitioner and Michael T. Mazrim as parents and legal guardians of G.M.
¶5 Through the petition for discovery, petitioner sought leave to discover the
“prenatal care medical records of Amanda McGuire up to the time of [G.M.’s] delivery.”
Petitioner provided,
“Illinois courts have ruled that the prenatal care records bearing the name
of the mother during the period that her child was in utero are, for all purposes,
the medical records of her child. El-Amin v. Dempsey, 329 Ill. App. 3d 800, 809,
768 N.E.2d 344, 352 (2002).”
Petitioner argued,
“Discovery pursuant to Illinois Supreme Court Rule 224 is necessary to
determine liability, as well as to identify the potential defendants to be named in a
-2- civil action who may possess any liability for the injuries sustained by [G.M.] as a
result of the prenatal care received by Amanda McGuire while she was in utero,
as well as the labor and delivery surrounding her birth.”
Petitioner stated she sought “said discovery for the sole purpose of ascertaining the identity of
potential defendants responsible for damages in the above-referenced incident.”
¶6 On June 30, 2021, the petition and a summons were personally served upon both
Decatur Memorial Hospital and the Department of Corrections. The summons provided, “If you
wish to contest the entry of such Order [of Discovery], you must appear at this Hearing on July
19, 2021, at 9:00 a.m.” On July 19, 2021, petitioner and the Department of Corrections appeared
at the hearing on petitioner’s petition for discovery. Decatur Memorial Hospital did not appear at
the hearing, file a response to petitioner’s petition, or otherwise enter an appearance.
¶7 Following the July 19, 2021, hearing, the circuit court granted petitioner’s petition
for discovery. On July 20, 2021, the court entered a written order requiring Decatur Memorial
Hospital and the Department of Corrections to comply with petitioner’s discovery requests and
issued an “Agreed Qualified HIPAA Protective Order” to maintain the confidentiality of
Amanda McGuire’s medical records. Specifically, the court ordered that “[a]ny and all
communications, documents, and reports relating to the prenatal care of Amanda McGuire
during her pregnancy with [G.M.] shall be considered within the scope of Petitioner’s allowable
discovery requests, to which Respondents are hereby compelled to respond within the time
allotted in this Order.” The court also directed the circuit clerk to seal the case file, which “shall
not be accessible without leave of court.” Subsequently, petitioner issued interrogatories and
requests to produce to both Decatur Memorial Hospital and the Department of Corrections
-3- seeking disclosure of, among other things, medical records related to the prenatal care of
Amanda McGuire.
¶8 On July 29, 2021, respondent filed a motion to reconsider asking the circuit court
to reconsider its order and dismiss petitioner’s petition for discovery, asserting, in part, the
petition and discovery order were outside the scope of discovery allowed under Rule 224. In the
motion to reconsider, respondent explained no appearance was made on its behalf at the July 19,
2021, hearing on petitioner’s petition for discovery due to an administrative error. Respondent
attached to its motion a June 2, 2021, letter from petitioner’s attorney to respondent, asking it to
preserve evidence related to Amanda McGuire’s and G.M.’s care. In the letter, petitioner
identified, by name, 17 treating clinicians involved in the care of Amanda McGuire and G.M. On
August 9, 2021, petitioner filed a response to respondent’s motion to reconsider. On August 11,
2021, respondent filed a response to petitioner’s response to motion to reconsider or, in the
alternative, motion to vacate order.
¶9 On August 12, 2021, the circuit court held a hearing on respondent’s motion to
reconsider. At the start of the hearing, the circuit court granted respondent’s motion to reconsider
and vacated its July 20, 2021, order. Next, the court allowed the parties to argue the issues in
respondent’s motion to reconsider. Petitioner asserted she sought the prenatal medical records of
Amanda McGuire while G.M. was in utero by submitting a request for the records and attaching
an authorization signed by petitioner. According to petitioner, respondent denied the records
request because Amanda McGuire did not consent or sign a release. Petitioner provided Amanda
McGuire was “[nowhere] to be found.” Thus, petitioner now sought the medical records under
Rule 224. Specifically, petitioner stated, “We are simply looking for the documents that are
necessary to discover those who potentially are liable—are responsible in damages.” Petitioner
-4- provided she did not “have the information to determine who is potentially responsible, despite
having names because of that threshold for a medical malpractice action.” Respondent argued the
records sought by petitioner were outside the scope of what is allowed under Rule 224.
Respondent stated, “What is allowed under [Rule] 224 and the case law is identification of those
who may be responsible.”
¶ 10 Ultimately, the circuit court determined that pursuant to El-Amin v. Dempsey, 329
Ill. App. 3d 800, 768 N.E.2d 344 (2002), the prenatal care records of Amanda McGuire during
the period G.M. was in utero were, for all purposes, the medical records of G.M. Thus, the court
determined petitioner, as legal guardian of G.M., had no other way to obtain the records than to
file a petition under Rule 224. The court reinstated its order based on Beale v. EdgeMark
Financial Corp., 279 Ill. App. 3d 242, 664 N.E.2d 302 (1996). Specifically, the court relied on
the following quote from Beale:
“Thus, a reasonable interpretation of Rule 224 would
permit the trial judge some latitude of discretion under its
provisions to allow discovery of certain additional facts pertaining
to the relationship between the stock purchasers and the corporate
insiders to further define and narrow the universe of potential
defendants. The rule would not allow, however, further discovery
of specific facts of wrongdoing.” Id. at 253.
Ultimately, the court stated,
“I still find in favor of [petitioner] pursuant to the case law in Beale. The
records will be disclosed, as I previously ordered with respect to the protections
that I ordered, and the reason for my ruling is [G.M.’s] inability to get the records
-5- in any other manner. I appreciate, that under [Rule] 224, the records do more than
just identify, but pursuant to Beale, I do feel as though they permit [G.M.] and her
family to identify who is responsible rather than just identify, as [petitioner]
stated, who was in the room.”
¶ 11 On August 19, 2021, the circuit court entered a written order reinstating its July
20, 2021, order permitting petitioner “to conduct discovery to identify those individuals and
entities who are potentially responsible in damages pursuant to a [sic] Supreme Court Rule 224,
which necessitates the production of the prenatal care records of Amanda McGuire while
pregnant with [G.M.].”
¶ 12 This appeal followed.
¶ 13 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 14 On appeal, respondent argues the circuit court abused its discretion in granting
petitioner’s petition for discovery where it failed to limit the scope of petitioner’s discovery to
ascertaining identity as required by Rule 224. Petitioner argues if this court finds Amanda
McGuire’s prenatal care medical records for the time G.M. was in utero are G.M.’s medical
records to which she is entitled, then this appeal is moot. In the alternative, petitioner argues the
circuit court’s order complied with Rule 224 and the court did not err in relying on Beale.
¶ 15 We initially note, we are of the opinion that the requisite medical records are
discoverable under both (1) El-Amin, 329 Ill. App. 3d at 809, where the medical records of the
biological mother during the period her child was in utero were, for all purposes, the medical
records of the child and (2) Rule 224, where petitioner seeks discovery to ascertain the identity
of one who may be responsible in damages.
-6- ¶ 16 We find the prenatal care medical records of Amanda McGuire are discoverable
pursuant to El-Amin, 329 Ill. App. 3d at 809, because Amanda McGuire’s medical records during
the period when G.M. was in utero are, for all purposes, the medical records of G.M. In El-Amin,
the appellate court found, as a practical matter, it would be impossible for anyone to obtain the
child’s medical records—separate from the mother’s medical records—for the time the child was
in utero. Id. Therefore, the court held that “the prenatal care records bearing the name of [the
biological mother] during the period that her son was in utero are, for all purposes, the medical
records of her son.” Id.
¶ 17 Here, as in El-Amin, Amanda McGuire’s medical records cannot be separated
from G.M.’s medical records for the time G.M. was in utero. Therefore, because the medical
records were also G.M.’s medical records, respondent does not need Amanda McGuire’s consent
to release the records to G.M.’s legal guardian. Accordingly, petitioner, as legal guardian of
G.M., is entitled to discovery of G.M.’s medical records while in utero up until the time of
G.M.’s delivery.
¶ 18 We also find G.M.’s medical records are discoverable pursuant to Rule 224,
where petitioner seeks discovery to ascertain the identity of one who may be responsible for
G.M.’s injuries following her birth.
¶ 19 Respondent argues the circuit court’s order granting petitioner’s Rule 224 petition
was far too broad and did not limit the scope of discovery to solely allow petitioner to ascertain
the identity of individuals who may be responsible in damages where the court authorized the
release of “[a]ny and all communication, documents, and reports relating to the prenatal care of
Amanda McGuire during her pregnancy with [G.M.]” Moreover, respondent argues petitioner
was already aware of the identity of multiple clinicians involved in the care of Amanda McGuire
-7- during her delivery of G.M., as evidenced by a June 2021 letter sent by petitioner to respondent,
requesting the preservation of medical records.
¶ 20 Petitioner argues respondent forfeited this argument where it contested the entry
of the circuit court’s order granting petitioner’s Rule 224 petition for the first time in a motion to
reconsider. While we find petitioner’s forfeiture argument is well taken, we elect to exercise our
discretion and consider the merits of respondent’s argument. See People v. Rajner, 2021 IL App
(4th) 180505, ¶ 23 (“ ‘[F]orfeiture is a limitation on the parties, not the court, and we may
exercise our discretion to review an otherwise forfeited issue.’ ” (quoting People v. Curry, 2018
IL App (1st) 152616, ¶ 36, 100 N.E.3d 482)). We do so in this instance because the circuit court
and the parties addressed the issue during the hearing on respondent’s motion to reconsider.
¶ 21 The filing of a petition pursuant to Rule 224(a)(1), creates an independent action
for discovery to identify a party that may be responsible in damages. Ill. S. Ct. R. 224(a)(1) (eff.
Jan. 1, 2018). Specifically, Rule 224(a)(1) provides, in relevant part, as follows:
“(i) A person or entity who wishes to engage in discovery
for the sole purpose of ascertaining the identity of one who may be
responsible in damages may file an independent action for such
discovery.
(ii) *** The order allowing the petition will limit discovery
to the identification of responsible persons and entities ***.” Id.
The committee comments that follow the rule state, “This rule provides a tool by which a person
or entity may, with leave of court, compel limited discovery before filing a lawsuit in an effort to
determine the identity of one who may be liable in damages.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 224, Committee
Comments (adopted Aug. 1, 1989).
-8- ¶ 22 “Involvement of the trial court protects against abuses of the discovery process
and guards against ‘ “fishing expeditions.” ’ ” Low Cost Movers, Inc. v. Craigslist, Inc., 2015 IL
App (1st) 143955, ¶ 12, 45 N.E.3d 357 (quoting Shutes v. Fowler, 223 Ill. App. 3d 342, 345, 584
N.E.2d 920, 923 (1991)). This court reviews the circuit court’s ruling pursuant to Rule 224 for an
abuse of discretion. Dent v. Constellation NewEnergy, Inc., 2020 IL App (1st) 191652, ¶ 22, 175
N.E.3d 742 (citing Maxon v. Ottawa Publishing Co., 402 Ill. App. 3d 704, 709, 929 N.E.2d 666,
710 (2010)).
¶ 23 Based on the plain language of Rule 224, we find G.M.’s medical records while
in utero are discoverable but subject to redaction. When looking at the wording of Rule 224, we
find the language of the rule quite broad. While the outcome of a petition for discovery is to
ascertain the identity of one who may be responsible in damages, absent in the rule is any
language limiting the method, means, or source from which one may seek to determine the
identity of one who may be responsible in damages. Specifically, a person engaging in discovery
may need to seek evidence showing more than just a name or a task performed by a person to
ascertain the identity of one who may be responsible in damages.
¶ 24 Here, petitioner sought to engage in discovery to ascertain the identity of one who
may be responsible for G.M.’s injuries following her birth. We find a letter containing a list of
names fails to provide petitioner with sufficient information to ascertain the identity of who may
be responsible in damages. We also find Beale instructive.
¶ 25 In Beale, the petitioner filed a Rule 224 petition for presuit discovery that went
beyond the names and addresses of people who could have been responsible in damages. Beale,
279 Ill. App. 3d at 244. “[T]he trial court granted [the] petitioner’s discovery request and ordered
the respondent to turn over a document that, in the court’s opinion, would identify certain
-9- persons who could be responsible in damages to the petitioner.” Id. at 245. The appellate court
affirmed, finding the trial court did not abuse its discretion in granting the petitioner’s request for
discovery under Rule 224. Id. at 253-54. The appellate court determined the “[p]etitioner’s
knowledge of the names of individuals or couples who acquired stock in EdgeMark immediately
before the public announcement, without more, does little if anything to define or narrow the
universe of potential defendants from the general members of the stock-purchasing public.” Id. at
253. The court found, “[w]ithout information concerning the existence of relationships or
affiliations between the named individuals and EdgeMark’s officers or directors or
representatives, any claim of insider trading would have been entirely speculative and baseless.”
Id.
¶ 26 The Beale court held, “Where the petitioner is apprised of a sufficient connection
to the injury by an individual or entity so as to place such individual or entity within the universe
of potential defendants, the petitioner may not seek further discovery of facts pertaining to any
actual wrongdoing.” Id. at 252.
“However, where the known connection to the injury is remote and
does little or nothing to limit or define the universe of potential
defendants, the petitioner should not be precluded from
ascertaining additional connecting facts to further refine the
universe of defendants having potential liability so long as the
attempted discovery does not seek to delve into any actual details
of wrongdoing.” Id. at 252-53.
The court further provided, “The extent of this permissible inquiry must be determined by the
trial judge on a case-by-case basis and in consideration of the cause of action alleged.” Id. at 253.
- 10 - ¶ 27 In Gaynor v. Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Ry., 322 Ill. App. 3d 288, 294, 750
N.E.2d 307, 312 (2001), the appellate court further described the Beale court’s explanation of
discovery available under Rule 224 as follows,
“Beale held that, on occasion, the identification of a
defendant may require more than simply a name and that, on those
occasions, discovery under Rule 224 is not limited to the
petitioner’s ascertainment of a name only. However, even under
Beale, knowledge of the connection of an individual to the injury
involved will preclude further discovery under the rule.”
¶ 28 Here, petitioner did not know the potential connection between the named
clinicians and what role, if any, the named clinicians may have played in relation to G.M.’s birth
injures. Petitioner sought connecting factors through discovery of the medical records to find
potential liability, not actual details of wrongdoing. Accordingly, we find that while the circuit
court did not abuse its discretion when it granted discovery of G.M.’s medical records,
petitioner’s interrogatories exceeded the scope of Rule 224. Therefore, under the circumstances
of this case, we find petitioner is entitled only to limited discovery of G.M.’s medical records to
find a potential connection in liability.
¶ 29 At oral argument, petitioner argued that if this court allowed the discovery of
G.M.’s medical records subject to redaction, she would not seek other discovery. Therefore,
based on our resolution and the petitioner’s position during oral argument, we find petitioner is
only entitled to discovery of G.M.’s medical records and the medical records are to be reviewed
by the circuit court during an in camera inspection and redacted to remove any information not
“ascertaining the identity of one who may be responsible in damages.” Accordingly, we reverse
- 11 - the circuit court’s order granting petitioner broad discovery through interrogatories and remand
for the defendant to release the records to the circuit court, who shall review G.M.’s medical
records, make any necessary redactions, and then order the respondent to turn over the medical
records (with any redactions) to the petitioner.
¶ 30 III. CONCLUSION
¶ 31 For the reasons stated, we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand with
directions.
¶ 32 Affirmed in part and reversed in part.
¶ 33 Cause remanded with directions.
- 12 - 2022 IL App (4th) 210474
Decision Under Review: Appeal from the Circuit Court of Sangamon County, No. 21-MR- 869; the Hon. Jennifer M. Ascher, Judge, presiding.
Attorneys William A. Davis, of Brown, Hay & Stephens, LLP, of for Springfield, for appellant. Appellant:
Attorneys Benjamin M. Sgro and Gregory P. Sgro, of Sgro, Hanrahan, Durr for & Rabin, LLP, of Springfield, for appellee. Appellee:
- 13 -