Matter of Udell

149 B.R. 898, 1992 Bankr. LEXIS 2204, 1992 WL 420849
CourtUnited States Bankruptcy Court, N.D. Indiana
DecidedSeptember 17, 1992
Docket19-20371
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 149 B.R. 898 (Matter of Udell) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Bankruptcy Court, N.D. Indiana primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Matter of Udell, 149 B.R. 898, 1992 Bankr. LEXIS 2204, 1992 WL 420849 (Ind. 1992).

Opinion

DECISION

ROBERT E. GRANT, Bankruptcy Judge.

This matter is before the court on a motion for relief from stay, filed on behalf of Carpetland, USA. Carpetland argues that “cause” exists to terminate the automatic stay, pursuant to § 362(d)(1), to allow it to enforce a preliminary injunction entered by the Allen Superior Court against the debtor.

*901 The burden of proof on a motion for relief from stay is a shifting one. The moving creditor must initially make a pri-ma facie case that cause exists to lift or modify the stay. Having successfully done so, the burden then shifts to the debtor to show that cause does not exist. In re Kerns, 111 B.R. 777, 786 (D.S.D.Ind.1990); In re Sauk Steel Co., 133 B.R. 431, 436 (Bankr.N.D.Ill.1991).

Prior to filing his bankruptcy petition, the debtor worked for Carpetland for a number of years, moving from sales to the position of Vice President/General Manager. On August 21, 1989, the debtor signed an employment contract with Carpetland which contained a covenant not to compete. Debtor agreed not to participate in any business similar to Carpetland’s for three years within a radius of fifty miles if, for any reason, the agreement was terminated.

Debtor terminated the agreement by submitting a letter of resignation to the owner of Carpetland on April 27, 1992. Shortly thereafter debtor purchased a small carpet store in the Fort Wayne area. He then filed a state court action against Carpet-land and its owners for breach of the employment contract. The defendants counter-claimed and sought a preliminary injunction based upon the covenant not to compete. The Allen Superior Court granted the preliminary injunction on June 9, 1992, after a hearing and the submission by both sides of proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law. This injunction

restrained and enjoined [him] from directly or indirectly, owning, managing, operating, controlling, or being controlled by, participating in, or connected in any manner with the ownership, management, operation or control of any business similar to the type of business conducted by Carpetland within a fifty mile radius of the corporate limits of Allen County, Indiana. Udell v. Standard Carpetland, U.S.A., No. 02D01-9205-CP-907 (Allen County Superior Ct. June 9, 1992) (order granting preliminary injunction).

The preliminary injunction became effective on June 12, 1992, after Carpetland posted the required bond. See Ind. T.R. 65(C).

On June 15, 1992, the debtor filed a petition for relief under Chapter 13 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. Despite the state court’s order, the debtor continues to engage in the same conduct which caused the injunction to issue. Nonetheless, because of the automatic stay, Carpet-land cannot seek to enforce the preliminary injunction. See 11 U.S.C. § 362(a). Therefore, it asks this court to lift the stay in order to allow the state court proceedings to continue so that it may, inter alia, enforce the injunction.

Debtor opposes the motion arguing that it has sought to reject the executory contract between it and Carpetland, pursuant to § 365 of the Bankruptcy Code. It contends that a successful rejection will relieve it of the burden of the covenant not to compete and, thus, Carpetland’s right to an injunction. Carpetland disagrees. It challenges both debtor’s ability to reject the contract and the debtor’s interpretation of the effect of rejection.

Carpetland first argues that the employment agreement between it and the debtor, which contains the covenant not to compete, is no longer “executory” and, therefore, cannot be rejected. Debtor argues that the agreement is still “executory” and all the obligations included within it are avoided upon rejection.

Recently, persuasive scholarly analysis of executory contracts and bankruptcy has argued that the search for “executoriness” as a precondition to rejection is misplaced. See Michael T. Andrew, Executory Contracts Revisited: A Reply to Professor Westbrook, 62 U.Colo.L.Rev. 1 (1991); Jay Lawrence Westbrook, A Functional Analysis of Executory Contracts, 74 Minn. L.Rev. 227 (1989); Michael T. Andrew, Ex-ecutory Contracts in Bankruptcy: Understanding “Rejection”, 59 U.Colo.L.Rev. 845 (1988). Professors Andrew and West-brook both emphasize that rejection should be conceived as nothing more than the estate’s business decision not to perform an obligation of the debtor, in the same fashion that a party to any contract always has *902 the option either to perform or to breach an obligation and to accept the consequences of that decision. Thus, courts should not place the focus of rejecting executory contracts upon whether or not rejection is an available option but, instead, upon the consequences of rejection, as between creditor and the estate, and the effect of any discharge the debtor might ultimately obtain upon the rejected obligation.

Professor Andrew aptly describes the morass of cases which have dealt with the effect of rejection of an executory contract as “a hopelessly convoluted and contradictory jurisprudence” Andrew, Reply 62 U.Colo.L.Rev. at 2. One fundamental error identified by Professors Westbrook and Andrew is the notion that rejection in some way destroys the existence of the contract and allows the debtor to act as though it never existed. Westbrook, Functional Analysis, 74 Minn.L.Rev. at 239; Andrew, Executory Contracts, 59 U.Colo. L.Rev. at 884. They emphasize that the rejection of an executory contract is not an avoiding power and does not operate to rescind or otherwise destroy the contract and the rights and obligations it contains. Instead, rejection constitutes nothing more than a pre-petition breach of the contract. 11 U.S.C. § 365(g)(1). As Professor Andrew succinctly states:

Rejection’s effect is to give rise to a remedy in the non-debtor party for breach of the rejected contract, typically a right to money damages assertable as a general unsecured claim in the bankruptcy case. Rejection has absolutely no effect upon the contract’s continued existence; the contract is not cancelled, repudiated, rescinded, or in any other fashion terminated. Andrew, Reply, 62 U.Colo. L.Rev. at 16; see generally In re Drexel Burnham Lambert Group, Inc., 138 B.R. 687, 700-09 (Bankr.S.D.N.Y.1992).

This court, as have others before it, agrees with Westbrook and Andrew’s approach to executory contracts. See Texaco, Inc. v. Louisiana Land & Exploration Co., 136 B.R. 658, 667-68 (D.M.D.La.1992); In re 6177 Realty Assoc., Inc., 142 B.R. 1017 (Bankr.S.D.Fla.1992); In re Drexel

Burnham Lambert Group, Inc., 138 B.R. 687, 689 (Bankr.S.D.N.Y.1992); In re Statewide Oilfield Constr. Inc., 134 B.R. 399, 402 (Bankr.E.D.Cal.1991).

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
149 B.R. 898, 1992 Bankr. LEXIS 2204, 1992 WL 420849, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/matter-of-udell-innb-1992.