Philips, P. J.
This action was instituted in a justice’s court to recover damages for the breach of a contract touching the sale of a certain lot of corn. The plaintiffs were partners, and the- defendant is a business corporation. Plaintiffs recovered judgment in the justice’s court, from which the defendant duly appealed to the circuit court.
Between the recovery of this judgment and the trial de novo in the circuit court, the partnership of plaintiffs was dissolved by the death of one of the partners, A. E. Matney,- leaving James B. Matney the sole surviving partner. In the circuit court the death of said A. E. Matney was suggested, and the suit was revived in the name of said Wm. M. Matney and Thomas Bruce, administrators of the estate of said A. E. Matney, deceased, together with said James B. Matney.
After the trial was begun in the circuit court, the defendant objected to the introduction of any evidence by the plaintiffs, on the ground that the administrators of the individual estate of the deceased partner had no interest in this action, and the plaintiffs could not recover jointly thereon. This objection was overruled, and the plaintiffs recovered judgment, from which thedefendant prosecutes this appeal.
I. There is no question but that on the death of one of the partners, the cause of action survived to the surviving partner. He was the only necessary party to a complete determination of the matters in controversy. The administrators of the estate of the deceased partner could not maintain the action to recover on a contract made with and belonging to the partners. It is only where the surviving partner has failed to give the bond, required by sections 60 and 62, Revised Statutes, and the administrator of the individual estate has further qualified by giving the bond required by said section 62, that the latter may meddle with the partnership assets. [110]*110Bredow v. The Mutual Savings Inst., 28 Mo. 181; Orrick, Adm’r, v. Vahey, 49 Mo. 428; Easton, Surviving Partner, v. Courtwright et al., 84 Mo. 27.
But the more difficult question is, has the defendant taken the proper step in the trial court to avail itself of this mere irregularity % Had the action been instituted in the circuit court, if the defect was apparent of record, the defendant could only have taken advantage of it by demurrer, and if not so appearing it should have been raised by answer, otherwise the objection would be deemed to have been waived. Gimbel v. Pignero, 62 Mo. 240; Dunn v. Hann. & St. Jo. R. R. Co., 68 Mo. 269; Butler v. Lawson, 72 Mo. 227; Walker v. Deaver, 79 Mo. 672.
But the suit was instituted in a justice’s court, where no pleading on the part of the defendant is required. How, then, is a defendant to raise this objection, and at what stage of the proceeding % Can he do it, in the manner attempted in this case, by merely objecting to the introduction of any evidence by the plaintiff ? It has been expressly decided by the supreme court of this state that the only question properly raised by this' objection at the trial is, that the petition does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, or, as held in New York, that the court has not jurisdiction of the subject matter, and that the petition does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. Butler v. Lawson, 72 Mo. 247. The petition at bar does state a good cause of action, and the justice of the peace did have jurisdiction of the subject matter.
In Lass v. Eisleben (50 Mo. 122), the attention of the court was directed to this question. That was an action of unlawful detainer, in which the administrator was held to be the only necessary party plaintiff. The case was tahen by certiorari to the circuit court. Complaint was made by the defendant that the heirs of the intestate were joined as parties plaintiffs with the administrator. The court observed: “We cannot see that any injury could result to the defendant, in an action of unlawful detainer, by a joinder of the administrator and [111]*111heirs as plaintiffs ; at all events the objection could not be raised by an instruction. If a person is joined as plaintiff, in this kind of proceeding, who appears to have no interest, his name may be struck out on motion, and in an ordinary action advantage may be taken of it by demurrer.”
I can perceive no valid reason why the same rule should not apply to a case situated as this is. The defendant should have simply moved the court to strike out the names of the administrators as unnecessary parties. Nor can we perceive that, after verdict, the defendani suffered any substantial injury by reason of the misjoinder. The surviving partner, the real party in interest, was a plaintiff in the action. The whole record showed the real cause of action, and a recovery in this case would be an effectual bar to another action by this surviving partner on the same contract. Besides, this mattei could be rectified here by striking out the names of the administrators and adding “surviving partner,” etc. Cruchon v. Brown, 57 Mo. 38.
II. This action purports to be founded on a written contract entered into between the original plaintiffs and the defendant. What its provisions are we are left to gather from the allegations of the petition. The only way in which it could be brought to the attention of this court on appeal is by being incorporated in the bill of exceptions. The bill of exceptions recites that the contract filed with the petition was read in evidence by the plaintiffs, but fails to set out the contract. The defendant must, therefore, on this appeal, fail in any objection predicated upon any matter therein. Every reasonable Intendment must be indulged in favor of the judgment of the court being in accordance with its terms.
III. Complaint is made by appellant against the following declaration of law conceded to. respondents:
“The contract sued on in this case, under the pleading, stands admitted, and by it the defendant agreed to deliver five hundred bushels of No. 2 mixed old corn, shelled, at Frazer, Missouri, on the Wabash railroad, ac[112]*112cording to St. Joe weights, to Matney Bros., on or before the tenth day of November, and if the jury believe from the evidence that said Matney Brothers paid for said corn in full, in advance, and defendant failed to so deliver a portion of said corn at that .time and afterwards, then the jury will find for plaintiffs and assess their damages at such sum, not exceeding one hundred dollars, as they may believe said Matney Bros, sustained on account of said failure.”
It is first objected that it was error to advise the jury that the contract “under the pleading stands admitted. ” The action having been instituted in a justice’s court, where no written answer was either made, or required to be made by the defendant, it could not, technically, be said there was any admission as to any material averment of the petition. The law assumes in such cases that issue is taken as to all such allegations. But not every error of this character will justify a reversal. “ The court shall in every stage of the action disregard any error or defect in the pleadings or proceedings, which shall not affect the substantial rights of the adverse party; and no judgment shall be reversed or affected by reason of such error or defect.” Rev. Stat., sect. 3569.
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Philips, P. J.
This action was instituted in a justice’s court to recover damages for the breach of a contract touching the sale of a certain lot of corn. The plaintiffs were partners, and the- defendant is a business corporation. Plaintiffs recovered judgment in the justice’s court, from which the defendant duly appealed to the circuit court.
Between the recovery of this judgment and the trial de novo in the circuit court, the partnership of plaintiffs was dissolved by the death of one of the partners, A. E. Matney,- leaving James B. Matney the sole surviving partner. In the circuit court the death of said A. E. Matney was suggested, and the suit was revived in the name of said Wm. M. Matney and Thomas Bruce, administrators of the estate of said A. E. Matney, deceased, together with said James B. Matney.
After the trial was begun in the circuit court, the defendant objected to the introduction of any evidence by the plaintiffs, on the ground that the administrators of the individual estate of the deceased partner had no interest in this action, and the plaintiffs could not recover jointly thereon. This objection was overruled, and the plaintiffs recovered judgment, from which thedefendant prosecutes this appeal.
I. There is no question but that on the death of one of the partners, the cause of action survived to the surviving partner. He was the only necessary party to a complete determination of the matters in controversy. The administrators of the estate of the deceased partner could not maintain the action to recover on a contract made with and belonging to the partners. It is only where the surviving partner has failed to give the bond, required by sections 60 and 62, Revised Statutes, and the administrator of the individual estate has further qualified by giving the bond required by said section 62, that the latter may meddle with the partnership assets. [110]*110Bredow v. The Mutual Savings Inst., 28 Mo. 181; Orrick, Adm’r, v. Vahey, 49 Mo. 428; Easton, Surviving Partner, v. Courtwright et al., 84 Mo. 27.
But the more difficult question is, has the defendant taken the proper step in the trial court to avail itself of this mere irregularity % Had the action been instituted in the circuit court, if the defect was apparent of record, the defendant could only have taken advantage of it by demurrer, and if not so appearing it should have been raised by answer, otherwise the objection would be deemed to have been waived. Gimbel v. Pignero, 62 Mo. 240; Dunn v. Hann. & St. Jo. R. R. Co., 68 Mo. 269; Butler v. Lawson, 72 Mo. 227; Walker v. Deaver, 79 Mo. 672.
But the suit was instituted in a justice’s court, where no pleading on the part of the defendant is required. How, then, is a defendant to raise this objection, and at what stage of the proceeding % Can he do it, in the manner attempted in this case, by merely objecting to the introduction of any evidence by the plaintiff ? It has been expressly decided by the supreme court of this state that the only question properly raised by this' objection at the trial is, that the petition does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, or, as held in New York, that the court has not jurisdiction of the subject matter, and that the petition does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. Butler v. Lawson, 72 Mo. 247. The petition at bar does state a good cause of action, and the justice of the peace did have jurisdiction of the subject matter.
In Lass v. Eisleben (50 Mo. 122), the attention of the court was directed to this question. That was an action of unlawful detainer, in which the administrator was held to be the only necessary party plaintiff. The case was tahen by certiorari to the circuit court. Complaint was made by the defendant that the heirs of the intestate were joined as parties plaintiffs with the administrator. The court observed: “We cannot see that any injury could result to the defendant, in an action of unlawful detainer, by a joinder of the administrator and [111]*111heirs as plaintiffs ; at all events the objection could not be raised by an instruction. If a person is joined as plaintiff, in this kind of proceeding, who appears to have no interest, his name may be struck out on motion, and in an ordinary action advantage may be taken of it by demurrer.”
I can perceive no valid reason why the same rule should not apply to a case situated as this is. The defendant should have simply moved the court to strike out the names of the administrators as unnecessary parties. Nor can we perceive that, after verdict, the defendani suffered any substantial injury by reason of the misjoinder. The surviving partner, the real party in interest, was a plaintiff in the action. The whole record showed the real cause of action, and a recovery in this case would be an effectual bar to another action by this surviving partner on the same contract. Besides, this mattei could be rectified here by striking out the names of the administrators and adding “surviving partner,” etc. Cruchon v. Brown, 57 Mo. 38.
II. This action purports to be founded on a written contract entered into between the original plaintiffs and the defendant. What its provisions are we are left to gather from the allegations of the petition. The only way in which it could be brought to the attention of this court on appeal is by being incorporated in the bill of exceptions. The bill of exceptions recites that the contract filed with the petition was read in evidence by the plaintiffs, but fails to set out the contract. The defendant must, therefore, on this appeal, fail in any objection predicated upon any matter therein. Every reasonable Intendment must be indulged in favor of the judgment of the court being in accordance with its terms.
III. Complaint is made by appellant against the following declaration of law conceded to. respondents:
“The contract sued on in this case, under the pleading, stands admitted, and by it the defendant agreed to deliver five hundred bushels of No. 2 mixed old corn, shelled, at Frazer, Missouri, on the Wabash railroad, ac[112]*112cording to St. Joe weights, to Matney Bros., on or before the tenth day of November, and if the jury believe from the evidence that said Matney Brothers paid for said corn in full, in advance, and defendant failed to so deliver a portion of said corn at that .time and afterwards, then the jury will find for plaintiffs and assess their damages at such sum, not exceeding one hundred dollars, as they may believe said Matney Bros, sustained on account of said failure.”
It is first objected that it was error to advise the jury that the contract “under the pleading stands admitted. ” The action having been instituted in a justice’s court, where no written answer was either made, or required to be made by the defendant, it could not, technically, be said there was any admission as to any material averment of the petition. The law assumes in such cases that issue is taken as to all such allegations. But not every error of this character will justify a reversal. “ The court shall in every stage of the action disregard any error or defect in the pleadings or proceedings, which shall not affect the substantial rights of the adverse party; and no judgment shall be reversed or affected by reason of such error or defect.” Rev. Stat., sect. 3569.
The contract in question was read in evidence without objection on the part of the defendant. This was, in legal effect, an admission of its genuineness and its execution by the defendant. It is not perceived, therefore, that any substantial right of the defendant was affected by the declaration contained in the instruction. The more serious objection to this instruction is as to that portion in which the jury were told, that if they found that defendant failed to deliver a portion of the corn according to contract, “then the jury will find for the plaintiffs, and assess their damages at such sum, not exceeding one hundred dollars, as they may believe said- Matney Bros, sustained on account of such failure.”
No rule for the ascertainment of the damages was laid ¿(.own by the court for the guidance of the jury in awarding damages. They were given full rein to award [113]*113such damages as they might believe the plaintiffs were entitled to. The only thing by which they were to be guided or controlled was their mere belief. Ñor was this belief to be predicated on or governed by the evidence in the case. We understand that the measure of damages for the breach of a given contract is a question of law. It is the province and duty of the court to lay down to the jury for their government the rule as to the measure of damages applicable to the case, and not to leave them to mere conjecture and belief.
The fact that the plaintiffs felt called upon to enter a remittitur as to part of the damages assessed by the jury gives color to the imputation that the jury held not to the evidence and the law in reaching their conclusion.
IY. There are other matters complained of by the defendant, but they are not deemed of sufficient importance to justify a prolongation of this opinion.
As this case is to be reversed for the error above stated, we would suggest that on the re-trial the plaintiff obviate the objection as to the misjoinder by striking out the names of the administrators, and to continue the action in the name of James B. Matney, surviving partner of Albert E.- Matney and James B. Matney, late firm of Matney Bros.
The judgment of the circuit court is reversed and the cause remanded for further proceeding, in conformity with this opinion. •
All concur.