6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 8
9 JAMES LUEDTKE, Case No. 1:20-cv-01662-AWI-SAB
10 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDING DISMISSING ACTION 11 v. FOR FAILURE TO PAY THE FILING FEE
12 DALE DROZD, et al., (ECF Nos. 3, 5)
13 Defendants. OBJECTIONS DUE WITHIN THIRTY DAYS 14 15 James Luedtke (“Plaintiff”), a federal prisoner, is appearing pro se in this civil rights 16 action pursuant to Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 17 U.S. 388, 91 S.Ct. 1999 (1971), which provides a remedy for violation of civil rights by federal 18 actors.1 Plaintiff filed a complaint and a motion to appoint counsel on November 24, 2020. 19 Plaintiff did not pay the filing fee or submit an application to proceed in this action in forma 20 pauperis. On November 25, 2020, an order issued requiring that Plaintiff show cause why this 21 action should not be dismissed for failure to pay the filing fee after finding that Plaintiff was 22 subject to the three strikes provision of 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). (ECF No. 3.) On December 14, 23 2020, Plaintiff filed a response to the order to show cause. (ECF No. 5.) For the reasons 24 discussed herein, the Court recommends that this action be dismissed for Plaintiff’s failure to pay 25 the filing fee. 26 / / / 27 1 In response to the order to show cause, Plaintiff correctly asserts that the order to show cause erroneously identified 1 I. 2 LEGAL STANDARD 3 The Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (PLRA) was enacted “to curb frivolous 4 prisoner complaints and appeals.” Silva v. Di Vittorio, 658 F.3d 1090, 1099-1100 (9th Cir. 5 2011). Pursuant to the PLRA, the in forma pauperis statute was amended to include section 6 1915(g), a non-merits related screening device which precludes prisoners with three or more 7 “strikes” from proceeding in forma pauperis unless they are under imminent danger of serious 8 physical injury. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g); Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 1050 (9th Cir. 9 2007). The statute provides that “[i]n no event shall a prisoner bring a civil action … under this 10 section if the prisoner has, on 3 or more prior occasions, while incarcerated or detained in any 11 facility, brought an action or appeal in a court of the United States that was dismissed on the 12 grounds that it is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, 13 unless the prisoner is under imminent danger of serious physical injury.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). 14 II. 15 DISCUSSION 16 Here, the Court finds that Plaintiff has previously filed at least three actions that were 17 dismissed on the grounds that they were frivolous, malicious, or failed to state a claim upon 18 which relief may be granted. The Court takes judicial notice2 of the following cases: (1) Luedtke 19 v. United States of America, 1:99-cv-00503-UNA (D.D.C.) (dismissed 2/26/99 for failure to 20 state a claim); 2) Luedtke v. United States of America, 1:99-cv-00513-UNA (D.D.C.) (dismissed 21 2/26/99 for failure to state a claim); 3) Luedtke v. Posner, 1:99-cv-01695 (S.D. Ill.) (dismissed 22 3/22/99 for failure to state a claim);3 4) Luedtke v. Obama, 1:14-cv-00389-UNA (D.D.C.) 23
24 2 Judicial notice may be taken “of court filings and other matters of public record.” Reyn’s Pasta Bella, LLC v. Visa USA, Inc., 442 F.3d 741, 746 n.6 (9th Cir. 2006); Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 689 (9th Cir. 2001). 25 3 The Court also notes these cases which reflect a different prisoner number but review of the complaints demonstrate that the writing is identical to Plaintiff’s. The court also takes judicial notice that Plaintiff has been found to be have 26 three strikes by the following cases: 1) Luedtke v. Posner, 1:01-cv-00172 (S.D. Ill.) (dismissed 1/16/01 for failure to advised the court that he had “struck out”); 2) Luedtke v. O’Brien, 7:06cv00714 (W.D. Va.) (dismissed 1/5/07 27 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g); 3) Luedtke v. Bertrand, 2:98-cv-00284-LA (E.D. Wis.) (dismissing case 2/1/99 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g); 4) Luedkte v. Bertrand, 2:98-cv-01133-RTR (E.D. Wis.) (dismissing case 1/31/99 1 (dismissed 3/12/14 for failure to state a claim); 5) Luedtke v. Obama, 14-5084 (6th Cir.) 2 (dismissing on Court’s own motion on 1/14/15 under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) (frivolous, malicious, 3 or failure to state a claim)). 4 Further, in Luedtke v. Bertrand, 32 F.Supp.2d 1074, 1076 (E.D. Wis. 1999), the court 5 found the following cases to have been dismissed which it counted as strikes.
6 Luedtke’s first strike came in Luedtke v. Endicott, Case No. 95–C–358, where on June 5, 1995 Judge Crabb of the Western District of Wisconsin dismissed 7 Luedtke’s 8th Amendment claim with prejudice due to a lack of standing, i.e., failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. The second came in 8 Luedtke v. Wegener, Case No. 96–C–396, where on April 11, 1996 Judge Curran of the Eastern District of Wisconsin dismissed Luedtke’s § 1983 claim as 9 frivolous under the ruling of Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477, 114 S.Ct. 2364, 2372, 129 L.Ed.2d 383 (1994). The third came in Luedtke v. Gudmanson, 971 10 F.Supp. 1263 (E.D. Wis. 1997), where on July 22, 1997 Judge Reynolds of the Eastern District of Wisconsin dismissed Luedtke’s several claims as lacking any 11 arguable merit and specifically directed the Clerk’s office to document the fact that Luedtke brought an action that was dismissed as frivolous. Therefore, 12 Luedtke has three strikes pending against him and is restricted by the terms of § 1915(g). 13 Luedtke v. Bertrand, 32 F.Supp.2d at 1076-77. The court found that Luedtke v. Endicott, Case 14 No. 95–C–358, also dismissed pendant state law claims and therefore it is not clear whether this 15 would count as a strike in this Circuit because it is not apparent that the claims were addressed 16 on the merits. See Harris v. Harris, 935 F.3d 670, 674 (9th Cir. 2019) (Dismissal because district 17 court decided not to exercise supplemental jurisdiction is not an enumerated ground under § 18 1915(g) and would not count as a strike). Further, a dismissal under Heck does not necessarily 19 count as a strike in this circuit. Washington v. Los Angeles Cty. Sheriff’s Dep’t, 833 F.3d 1048, 20 1057 (9th Cir. 2016). Because it is unclear that Luedtke v. Wegener, No. 96-c-396 that Heck’s 21 bar to relief was obvious from the face of the complaint, and the entirety of the complaint was 22 dismissed for a qualifying reason under the PLRA, Washington, 833 F.3d at 1055, the Court 23 does not count this case as a strike. However, the dismissal of Luedtke v. Gudmanson, 971 24 F.Supp. 1263, as frivolous for lacking any merit and being legally frivolous would constitute a 25 strike.
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6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 8
9 JAMES LUEDTKE, Case No. 1:20-cv-01662-AWI-SAB
10 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDING DISMISSING ACTION 11 v. FOR FAILURE TO PAY THE FILING FEE
12 DALE DROZD, et al., (ECF Nos. 3, 5)
13 Defendants. OBJECTIONS DUE WITHIN THIRTY DAYS 14 15 James Luedtke (“Plaintiff”), a federal prisoner, is appearing pro se in this civil rights 16 action pursuant to Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 17 U.S. 388, 91 S.Ct. 1999 (1971), which provides a remedy for violation of civil rights by federal 18 actors.1 Plaintiff filed a complaint and a motion to appoint counsel on November 24, 2020. 19 Plaintiff did not pay the filing fee or submit an application to proceed in this action in forma 20 pauperis. On November 25, 2020, an order issued requiring that Plaintiff show cause why this 21 action should not be dismissed for failure to pay the filing fee after finding that Plaintiff was 22 subject to the three strikes provision of 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). (ECF No. 3.) On December 14, 23 2020, Plaintiff filed a response to the order to show cause. (ECF No. 5.) For the reasons 24 discussed herein, the Court recommends that this action be dismissed for Plaintiff’s failure to pay 25 the filing fee. 26 / / / 27 1 In response to the order to show cause, Plaintiff correctly asserts that the order to show cause erroneously identified 1 I. 2 LEGAL STANDARD 3 The Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (PLRA) was enacted “to curb frivolous 4 prisoner complaints and appeals.” Silva v. Di Vittorio, 658 F.3d 1090, 1099-1100 (9th Cir. 5 2011). Pursuant to the PLRA, the in forma pauperis statute was amended to include section 6 1915(g), a non-merits related screening device which precludes prisoners with three or more 7 “strikes” from proceeding in forma pauperis unless they are under imminent danger of serious 8 physical injury. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g); Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 1050 (9th Cir. 9 2007). The statute provides that “[i]n no event shall a prisoner bring a civil action … under this 10 section if the prisoner has, on 3 or more prior occasions, while incarcerated or detained in any 11 facility, brought an action or appeal in a court of the United States that was dismissed on the 12 grounds that it is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, 13 unless the prisoner is under imminent danger of serious physical injury.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). 14 II. 15 DISCUSSION 16 Here, the Court finds that Plaintiff has previously filed at least three actions that were 17 dismissed on the grounds that they were frivolous, malicious, or failed to state a claim upon 18 which relief may be granted. The Court takes judicial notice2 of the following cases: (1) Luedtke 19 v. United States of America, 1:99-cv-00503-UNA (D.D.C.) (dismissed 2/26/99 for failure to 20 state a claim); 2) Luedtke v. United States of America, 1:99-cv-00513-UNA (D.D.C.) (dismissed 21 2/26/99 for failure to state a claim); 3) Luedtke v. Posner, 1:99-cv-01695 (S.D. Ill.) (dismissed 22 3/22/99 for failure to state a claim);3 4) Luedtke v. Obama, 1:14-cv-00389-UNA (D.D.C.) 23
24 2 Judicial notice may be taken “of court filings and other matters of public record.” Reyn’s Pasta Bella, LLC v. Visa USA, Inc., 442 F.3d 741, 746 n.6 (9th Cir. 2006); Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 689 (9th Cir. 2001). 25 3 The Court also notes these cases which reflect a different prisoner number but review of the complaints demonstrate that the writing is identical to Plaintiff’s. The court also takes judicial notice that Plaintiff has been found to be have 26 three strikes by the following cases: 1) Luedtke v. Posner, 1:01-cv-00172 (S.D. Ill.) (dismissed 1/16/01 for failure to advised the court that he had “struck out”); 2) Luedtke v. O’Brien, 7:06cv00714 (W.D. Va.) (dismissed 1/5/07 27 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g); 3) Luedtke v. Bertrand, 2:98-cv-00284-LA (E.D. Wis.) (dismissing case 2/1/99 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g); 4) Luedkte v. Bertrand, 2:98-cv-01133-RTR (E.D. Wis.) (dismissing case 1/31/99 1 (dismissed 3/12/14 for failure to state a claim); 5) Luedtke v. Obama, 14-5084 (6th Cir.) 2 (dismissing on Court’s own motion on 1/14/15 under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) (frivolous, malicious, 3 or failure to state a claim)). 4 Further, in Luedtke v. Bertrand, 32 F.Supp.2d 1074, 1076 (E.D. Wis. 1999), the court 5 found the following cases to have been dismissed which it counted as strikes.
6 Luedtke’s first strike came in Luedtke v. Endicott, Case No. 95–C–358, where on June 5, 1995 Judge Crabb of the Western District of Wisconsin dismissed 7 Luedtke’s 8th Amendment claim with prejudice due to a lack of standing, i.e., failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. The second came in 8 Luedtke v. Wegener, Case No. 96–C–396, where on April 11, 1996 Judge Curran of the Eastern District of Wisconsin dismissed Luedtke’s § 1983 claim as 9 frivolous under the ruling of Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477, 114 S.Ct. 2364, 2372, 129 L.Ed.2d 383 (1994). The third came in Luedtke v. Gudmanson, 971 10 F.Supp. 1263 (E.D. Wis. 1997), where on July 22, 1997 Judge Reynolds of the Eastern District of Wisconsin dismissed Luedtke’s several claims as lacking any 11 arguable merit and specifically directed the Clerk’s office to document the fact that Luedtke brought an action that was dismissed as frivolous. Therefore, 12 Luedtke has three strikes pending against him and is restricted by the terms of § 1915(g). 13 Luedtke v. Bertrand, 32 F.Supp.2d at 1076-77. The court found that Luedtke v. Endicott, Case 14 No. 95–C–358, also dismissed pendant state law claims and therefore it is not clear whether this 15 would count as a strike in this Circuit because it is not apparent that the claims were addressed 16 on the merits. See Harris v. Harris, 935 F.3d 670, 674 (9th Cir. 2019) (Dismissal because district 17 court decided not to exercise supplemental jurisdiction is not an enumerated ground under § 18 1915(g) and would not count as a strike). Further, a dismissal under Heck does not necessarily 19 count as a strike in this circuit. Washington v. Los Angeles Cty. Sheriff’s Dep’t, 833 F.3d 1048, 20 1057 (9th Cir. 2016). Because it is unclear that Luedtke v. Wegener, No. 96-c-396 that Heck’s 21 bar to relief was obvious from the face of the complaint, and the entirety of the complaint was 22 dismissed for a qualifying reason under the PLRA, Washington, 833 F.3d at 1055, the Court 23 does not count this case as a strike. However, the dismissal of Luedtke v. Gudmanson, 971 24 F.Supp. 1263, as frivolous for lacking any merit and being legally frivolous would constitute a 25 strike. 26 Therefore, Plaintiff is not entitled to proceed in this action in forma pauperis unless he is 27 in imminent danger of serious physical injury. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). Plaintiff does not dispute 1 that he has previously had at least three cases that were dismissed for failure to state a claim, but 2 alleges that the PLRA is unconstitutional. 3 The Court has reviewed Plaintiff’s complaint and finds that his allegations do not satisfy 4 the imminent danger exception to section 1915(g). Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 5 1053−55 (9th Cir. 2007). In the current complaint, Plaintiff generally alleges that District Judge 6 Drozd, and Magistrate Judges Oberto, McAuliffe, and Grosjean are denying that he has any 7 constitutional rights, dismissing his cases by rubber stamp, and reducing them to a single piece 8 of paper. 9 The allegations in the complaint are not sufficient to satisfy the exception from the three 10 strikes bar under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). Plaintiff’s complaint contains no allegations 11 demonstrating that he is at imminent danger of serious physical injury. Plaintiff is basically 12 alleging that he is unhappy with the manner in which his cases have been handled by various 13 judges and does not demonstrate that he is under imminent danger. 14 Plaintiff requests the Court to consider his “lengthy motion detailing all the illegalities of 15 the PLRA” which Defendant Drozd has ignored in Luedke v. Ciolli, No. 1:20-cv-00406-NONE- 16 BAM (E.D. Cal.). (Memorandum, 1, ECF No. 5.) Plaintiff has not filed any motion in this 17 action and the Court declines to address his motion filed in a separate case. Further, federal 18 courts have consistently rejected claims that the PLRA violates the Constitution. See Gilmore v. 19 People of the State of California, 220 F.3d 987, 1008 (9th Cir. 2000) (“No circuit court has found 20 the PLRA to violate due process or the Equal Protection Clause. We decline to stray from these 21 precedents.); Polanco v. Hopkins, 510 F.3d 152, 156 (2d Cir. 2007) (joining the other circuits 22 that have upheld the constitutionality of this statute.); White v. State of Colo., 157 F.3d 1226, 23 1235 (10th Cir. 1998) (“we now join the Eleventh, Sixth, and Fifth Circuits in concluding that § 24 1915(g) does not violate the guarantees of equal protection and due process); Gavin v. Branstad, 25 122 F.3d 1081, 1092 (8th Cir. 1997) (reversing district court decision that immediate termination 26 decision of PLRA was unconstitutional); Madrid v. Gomez, 190 F.3d 990, 996 (9th Cir. 1999) 27 (“the government’s interest was apparently to curtail frivolous prisoners’ suits and to minimize 1 | standard for rational basis review.); see also Morrison v. Davis, 88 F.Supp.2d 799, 808 (S.D. 2 | Ohio 2000), amended in part, 195 F.Supp.2d 1019 (S.D. Ohio 2001) (“This Court finds that 3 | although the PLRA does single out prisoners for a particular burden in § 1983 actions, 4 | Congress’s goal in placing that burden on prisoners was to bring prisoners’ litigation incentives 5 | on par with, not below, non-incarcerated litigants. The principles of equal protection do not 6 | prevent Congress from burdening prisoners in this way. Thus, Plaintiff's arguments fit better in 7 | the legislative rather than the judicial forum.”). 8 In the November 25, 2020 order to show cause, Plaintiff was ordered to either pay the 9 | filing fee or show cause why this action should not be dismissed for the failure to do so. Plaintiff 10 | has not paid the filing fee nor has he demonstrated good cause for the failure to do so. 11 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that this action be dismissed without 12 | prejudice for Plaintiff's failure to pay the filing fee. 13 This findings and recommendations is submitted to the district judge assigned to this 14 | action, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) and this Court’s Local Rule 304. Within thirty (30) 15 | days of service of this recommendation, Plaintiff may file written objections to this findings and 16 | recommendations with the court. Such a document should be captioned “Objections to 17 | Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” The district judge will review the 18 | magistrate judge’s findings and recommendations pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(C). 19 | Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may result in the 20 | waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 839 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing 21 | Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 22 73 IT IS SO ORDERED. F- 2 ee 24 | Dated: _December 21, 2020_ ef 05 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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