LegalClub.com, Inc. v. Department of Consumer & Business Services

50 P.3d 1196, 182 Or. App. 494, 2002 Ore. App. LEXIS 1062
CourtCourt of Appeals of Oregon
DecidedJuly 10, 2002
DocketINS 99-11-022; A111024
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 50 P.3d 1196 (LegalClub.com, Inc. v. Department of Consumer & Business Services) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Oregon primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
LegalClub.com, Inc. v. Department of Consumer & Business Services, 50 P.3d 1196, 182 Or. App. 494, 2002 Ore. App. LEXIS 1062 (Or. Ct. App. 2002).

Opinion

KISTLER, J.

The Director of the Department of Consumer and Business Services issued a declaratory ruling that-, because petitioner offers “legal expense plans” within Oregon, it is subject to the Legal Expense Organizations Act, ORS 750.505 et seq. Petitioner seeks review of that ruling. We affirm.

The relevant facts can be summarized briefly. Petitioner markets individual, family, and small business legal plans nationwide. In return for a small fee, petitioner guarantees that its participating attorneys will provide plan members with some legal services each month for no charge. For example, in return for slightly less than $25 a month,1 a small business plan member is entitled each month to have a participating attorney write 10 initial collection letters, review five documents (up to 10 pages each document), make two initial calls, and write three initial letters on behalf of the plan member’s business. Petitioner also guarantees that, if a small business plan member needs additional legal services, the participating attorney will charge no more than $89 per hour for out-of-court representation and $109 per hour for in-court work.

Petitioner does not pay participating attorneys the actual or reasonable cost of providing its plan members legal services. Rather, petitioner “representas] to participating attorneys that it will provide [them with] a stream of referrals” and also offers them the opportunity for a priority listing on a network attorney site.2 To thé extent that plan members receive legal services from participating attorneys over and above the “free” monthly services, the plan members are responsible for paying for those services. Finally, if a plan member does not receive either the free legal services or the discounted rates that petitioner guarantees, the member’s [497]*497only recourse against petitioner is to seek a refund of the annual membership fee.3

The Legal Expense Organizations Act requires organizations that offer “legal expense plants]” to register with the Director of the Department of Consumer and Business Services (DCBS) and to comply with certain other conditions. See, e.g., ORS 750.535; ORS 750.585; ORS 750.685. The issue in this case is whether the individual, family, and small business legal plans that petitioner offers are “legal expense plans” within the meaning of the act. In analyzing that issue, petitioner argued below, and renews its argument on review, that the legislature intended to regulate only organizations that offer legal insurance. It did not intend, petitioner contends, to regulate organizations that do not pay attorneys for their services or reimburse plan members’ legal expenses. Petitioner argues that, because it neither pays attorneys nor reimburses plan members for the cost of their legal services, it is merely a referral organization and not subject to the act.

Before turning to petitioner’s argument, it is helpful to examine its premise. Petitioner characterizes itself as a referral organization that does not pay participating attorneys for providing services to plan members. Petitioner, however, does more than simply refer plan members to attorneys. It instead guarantees plan members that they will receive a moderate amount of “free” legal services every month in return for paying petitioner a minimal amount each month.4 Moreover, although petitioner does not pay participating attorneys the actual or reasonable cost of the legal services [498]*498they provide plan members, petitioner does pay or compensate participating attorneys in the sense that it provides them with a stream of referrals. To the extent that petitioner suggests that participating attorneys do not receive anything in return for agreeing to provide plan members with free legal services, that suggestion does not accurately describe the arrangement that petitioner has devised.5

With that background in mind, we turn to the text and context of the Legal Expense Organization Act. PGE v. Bureau of Labor and Industries, 317 Or 606, 610, 859 P2d 1143 (1993). As noted, the act applies to organizations that offer “legal expense plants].” That phrase is defined as an

“agreement between an organization and a person or a group of persons whereby legal services are to be provided to the person or group of persons as members, or whereby the persons as members are to be reimbursed for charges incurred for legal services, in consideration of a specified payment.”

ORS 750.505(2). Under the plain language of the statute, petitioner’s plans fall within the first dependent clause of the definition — agreements “whereby legal services are to be provided to the person or group of persons as members * * * in consideration of a specified payment.” Each of petitioner’s plans is an agreement by which “free” legal services are to be provided each month to plan members in return for a specified payment to petitioner.

Petitioner argues, however, that we should look to the second dependent clause to interpret the first clause’s meaning. Noting that the second clause covers plans in which an organization agrees to reimburse members for the costs they incur for legal services, petitioner concludes that the first clause is implicitly limited to plans in which an organization undertakes to pay participating attorneys those same costs. There is some symmetry to petitioner’s argument, but [499]*499it depends on reading words into the statute that the legislature omitted — a task that the legislature has instructed us not to do. See ORS 174.010; PGE, 317 Or at 611. Moreover, we note that petitioner does pay or compensate participating attorneys in the sense that it provides them with referrals, even if it does not pay them for the actual or reasonable cost of the legal services that they provide.

We also consider a statute’s context at the first level of analysis. PGE, 317 Or at 611. After defining “legal expense plans,” the legislature set out six exceptions to that definition. ORS 750.525. Two are relevant to the question presented here. The first provides that a “legal expense plan” does not include:

“Referral of individual clients to an attorney to the extent that such referral is provided by a nonprofit lawyer referral service or public corporation such as the state or local bar association, so long as there is no charge for such referral.”

ORS 750.525(3). If, as petitioner argues, the definition of “legal expense plans” applies only to plans offering legal insurance, there would be no need to except referral services from the definition.

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Related

Poling v. Pre-Paid Legal Services, Inc.
575 S.E.2d 199 (West Virginia Supreme Court, 2002)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
50 P.3d 1196, 182 Or. App. 494, 2002 Ore. App. LEXIS 1062, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/legalclubcom-inc-v-department-of-consumer-business-services-orctapp-2002.