Lanzce G. Douglass, Inc. v. City of Spokane Valley

225 P.3d 448, 154 Wash. App. 408
CourtCourt of Appeals of Washington
DecidedFebruary 4, 2010
DocketNo. 27826-3-III
StatusPublished
Cited by14 cases

This text of 225 P.3d 448 (Lanzce G. Douglass, Inc. v. City of Spokane Valley) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Washington primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Lanzce G. Douglass, Inc. v. City of Spokane Valley, 225 P.3d 448, 154 Wash. App. 408 (Wash. Ct. App. 2010).

Opinion

Sweeney, J.

¶1 A neighborhood association appeals a superior court order that reversed the decision of a hearing [412]*412examiner. The examiner had reversed a decision of the city planning division. The planning division permitted a housing development in the Ponderosa area of Spokane County, Washington, without first requiring an environmental impact statement. We have reviewed the record developed by the hearing examiner and conclude that his decision is well founded in both fact and law. And we, therefore, reverse the order of the superior court and remand to the City of Spokane Valley for preparation of the necessary environmental impact statement.

FACTS

¶2 Lanzce G. Douglass Inc., Lanzce G. Douglass Investments LLC, and Lanzce G. Douglass (collectively Douglass) applied to the City of Spokane Valley (City) for approval of a preliminary plat to divide 17 acres into 81 single-family lots and for approval of a preliminary planned unit development (PUD) overlay for the Ponderosa area of Spokane County (County). Douglass applied one month later to the County for preliminary plat approval to subdivide an adjacent 28 acres of property into a 100-lot development called Ponderosa Ridge. Both properties are zoned low density residential, which allows six dwellings per acre. The Ponderosa Neighborhood Association (Neighborhood Association) has resisted further development in the area.

¶3 The Ponderosa area is about three square miles of land on the east side of Browne’s Mountain. The area is covered with grasses, shrubs, and scattered pine trees. And the area has suffered numerous wildfires over the years, including a significant firestorm in October 1991. The firestorm in 1991 destroyed 14 homes and threatened an additional 105 homes near the site where these projects are proposed.

¶4 The County therefore began to require that development projects in the Ponderosa area address the need for access by fire-fighting vehicles and egress by residents during wildfires. For example, the County required one [413]*413developer to set aside $500 per lot to construct an additional access road. The County also denied two other applications for preliminary plats in the early 1990s because of concerns over evacuation.

¶5 Spokane County Fire District 8 opposed a project called Mica View Estates in 2001 because the roads serving the Ponderosa area could not safely handle a major evacuation or access by emergency vehicles. The County then installed a gated and locked railroad crossing north of Mica View Estates that provided emergency access into and out of the area. This was a temporary alternative to the construction of a new public access road in the Ponderosa area. And so the County approved the Mica View Estates project in 2003, but it also required that the developer set aside $500 per lot for a new railroad crossing when needed.

¶6 Douglass submitted a traffic impact analysis for both of its projects. Those studies included evaluations of the existing roads and specifically how those roads would handle evacuation in a wildfire emergency. One of two access sites into and out of the Ponderosa area is the intersection of Dishman-Mica and Schafer roads. It is controlled by a traffic signal. There were problems at this intersection during the 1991 firestorm. Congestion at the intersection inhibited evacuation of residents and made it difficult for emergency personnel to enter the area.

¶7 Douglass’s traffic impact analysis assumed that all of the then-existing 1,281 homes in the Ponderosa area would be notified of an emergency at the same time and all could be evacuated within 30 minutes. And it concluded that residential development will actually “become itself a fire break to the overall Ponderosa neighborhood.” Administrative Record (AR) at 4102. The analysis then concluded that the intersections in the study area would continue to function at acceptable levels even with the traffic from Douglass’s proposed projects. The traffic impact study was revised in January 2005. The revised study noted that “[p]er the City of Spokane Valley, Firestorm and emergency access has not been included in this study.” AR at 474.

[414]*414¶8 A County hearing examiner approved the preliminary plat of Ponderosa Ridge in August 2005. The examiner concluded that the affected intersections would work with the help of emergency personnel. The Neighborhood Association challenged that decision in superior court pursuant to the Land Use Petition Act (LUPA), ch. 36.70C RCW. The superior court judge affirmed the decision of the examiner. And we later affirmed the court’s decision to dismiss the LUPA petition. Ponderosa Neighborhood Ass’n v. Spokane County, noted at 141 Wn. App. 1031, 2007 WL 3349121, at *15, 2007 Wash. App. LEXIS 3014, at *42.

¶9 Douglass submitted a revised site plan to the City for the Ponderosa PUD in March 2007. And it completed the environmental checklist required by the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA), ch. 43.21C RCW. The City issued a mitigated determination of nonsignificance. The mitigated determination of nonsignificance meant that Douglass did not have to prepare an environmental impact statement. The Neighborhood Association appealed the City’s decision to approve the project. And the same hearing examiner who approved the Ponderosa Ridge project held a public hearing.

¶10 As part of the process, the hearing examiner conducted a statistical analysis. He concluded from this analysis that even under ideal conditions and using emergency personnel at the intersections, nearly 20 percent of the traffic from the existing houses and none of the traffic from the current project (or the Ponderosa Ridge project and others) could be evacuated from the area within 30 minutes.

¶11 He made appropriate findings of fact and he concluded that the City’s mitigated determination of non-significance was clearly erroneous because the project is reasonably likely to have more than a moderate adverse effect on the environment. The hearing examiner then reversed the mitigated determination of nonsignificance “based on the lack of adequate community egress from the Ponderosa area in the event of a firestorm event that would require evacuation of the area.” Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 88 [415]*415(Conclusion of Law 43). And he ordered the City planning division to issue a determination of significance. That determination would require an environmental impact study.

¶12 Douglass challenged the examiner’s decision in superior court. The superior court agreed with Douglass and reversed the hearing examiner’s decision. The court concluded that the examiner: (1) erred as a matter of law in stating that evacuation must occur within 30 minutes, (2) erred as a matter of law in rejecting the SEPA determination of the area’s capacity for emergency egress, (3) did not have adequate support in the record for the finding that the Ponderosa area could not be evacuated within 30 minutes, (4) had no authority to order a determination of significance and should have left this to the discretion of the governing agency, (5) erred in concluding that the project does not have adequate provision for roads, and (6) erred in also denying project approval based on lack of County approval for the storm waste system. The Neighborhood Association appeals the court’s decision to reverse the hearing examiner.

DISCUSSION

Standards of Review

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Bluebook (online)
225 P.3d 448, 154 Wash. App. 408, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/lanzce-g-douglass-inc-v-city-of-spokane-valley-washctapp-2010.